Genesis 14:1

American Standard Version (1901)

And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim,

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיְהִ֗י בִּימֵי֙ אַמְרָפֶ֣ל מֶֽלֶךְ־שִׁנְעָ֔ר אַרְי֖וֹךְ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֶלָּסָ֑ר כְּדָרְלָעֹ֙מֶר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ עֵילָ֔ם וְתִדְעָ֖ל מֶ֥לֶךְ גּוֹיִֽם׃

Transliteration

wə-yəhî in yəmê ʾamrāp̄el melek-šinʿār ʾaryôk melek ʾellāsār kədārlāʿōmer melek ʿêlām wə-ṯiḏʿāl melek gôyim

Grammar Details

• *wə-yəhî*: consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass/and it happened
• *yəmê*: construct plural of *yôm* - days of
• *ʾamrāp̄el*: proper noun, king's name
• *melek*: construct state noun, masculine singular - king of
• *šinʿār*: proper noun, place name (Shinar/Babylon)
• *ʾaryôk*: proper noun, king's name
• *ʾellāsār*: proper noun, place name
• *kədārlāʿōmer*: proper noun, king's name
• *ʿêlām*: proper noun, place name (Elam)
• *wə-ṯiḏʿāl*: conjunction + proper noun, king's name
• *gôyim*: common noun, masculine plural - nations/gentiles

Word Meanings

• *wə-yəhî*: and it happened/and it came to pass/and it was
• *šinʿār*: Shinar/Babylon/Sumer
• *gôyim*: nations/gentiles/peoples

Referenced Verses

• Gen 10:10 : 10 And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.
• Gen 10:22 : 22 The sons of Shem: Elam, and Asshur, and Arpachshad, and Lud, and Aram.
• Gen 11:2 : 2 And it came to pass, as they journeyed east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
• Isa 11:11 : 11 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord will set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, that shall remain, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.
• Isa 21:2 : 2 A grievous vision is declared unto me; the treacherous man dealeth treacherously, and the destroyer destroyeth. Go up, O Elam; besiege, O Media; all the sighing thereof have I made to cease.
• Isa 22:6 : 6 And Elam bare the quiver, with chariots of men [and] horsemen; and Kir uncovered the shield.
• Isa 37:12 : 12 Have the gods of the nations delivered them, which my fathers have destroyed, Gozan, and Haran, and Rezeph, and the children of Eden that were in Telassar?
• Jer 25:25 : 25 and all the kings of Zimri, and all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of the Medes;
• Jer 49:34-39 : 34 The word of Jehovah that came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning Elam, in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, saying, 35 Thus saith Jehovah of hosts: Behold, I will break the bow of Elam, the chief of their might. 36 And upon Elam will I bring the four winds from the four quarters of heaven, and will scatter them toward all those winds; and there shall be no nation whither the outcasts of Elam shall not come. 37 And I will cause Elam to be dismayed before their enemies, and before them that seek their life; and I will bring evil upon them, even my fierce anger, saith Jehovah; and I will send the sword after them, till I have consumed them; 38 and I will set my throne in Elam, and will destroy from thence king and princes, saith Jehovah. 39 But it shall come to pass in the latter days, that I will bring back the captivity of Elam, saith Jehovah.
• Ezek 32:24 : 24 There is Elam and all her multitude round about her grave; all of them slain, fallen by the sword, who are gone down uncircumcised into the nether parts of the earth, who caused their terror in the land of the living, and have borne their shame with them that go down to the pit.
• Dan 1:2 : 2 And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, with part of the vessels of the house of God; and he carried them into the land of Shinar to the house of his god: and he brought the vessels into the treasure-house of his god.
• Zech 5:11 : 11 And he said unto me, To build her a house in the land of Shinar: and when it is prepared, she shall be set there in her own place.