2 Chronicles 34:1

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "2 Chronicles.34.1", "source": "בֶּן־שְׁמוֹנֶ֥ה שָׁנִ֖ים יֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ בְמָלְכ֑וֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וְאַחַת֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "*Ben*-*shemoneh* *shanim* *Yoshiyyahu* *bemalko* and-*sheloshim* and-*achat* *shanah* *malakh* in-*Yerushalaim*", "grammar": { "*Ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of/aged", "*shemoneh*": "cardinal number, feminine form - eight", "*shanim*": "plural of *shanah* - years", "*Yoshiyyahu*": "proper noun, subject - Josiah", "*bemalko*": "preposition + infinitive construct with 3ms suffix - in his becoming king/when he began to reign", "*sheloshim*": "cardinal number - thirty", "*achat*": "cardinal number, feminine - one", "*shanah*": "feminine singular noun - year", "*malakh*": "Qal perfect, 3ms - he reigned", "*Yerushalaim*": "proper noun with locative preposition - in Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*Ben*-*shemoneh*": "eight years old/son of eight years", "*bemalko*": "when he became king/at his coronation/in his reign" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

בֶּן־שְׁמוֹנֶ֥ה שָׁנִ֖ים יֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ בְמָלְכ֑וֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וְאַחַת֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃

Transliteration

Ben-shemoneh shanim Yoshiyyahu bemalko and-sheloshim and-achat shanah malakh in-Yerushalaim

Grammar Details

• *Ben*: construct state, masculine singular - son of/aged
• *shemoneh*: cardinal number, feminine form - eight
• *shanim*: plural of *shanah* - years
• *Yoshiyyahu*: proper noun, subject - Josiah
• *bemalko*: preposition + infinitive construct with 3ms suffix - in his becoming king/when he began to reign
• *sheloshim*: cardinal number - thirty
• *achat*: cardinal number, feminine - one
• *shanah*: feminine singular noun - year
• *malakh*: Qal perfect, 3ms - he reigned
• *Yerushalaim*: proper noun with locative preposition - in Jerusalem

Word Meanings

• *Ben*-*shemoneh*: eight years old/son of eight years
• *bemalko*: when he became king/at his coronation/in his reign

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Josiah was eight years old when he became king, and he ruled in Jerusalem for thirty-one years.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem one and thirty years.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem thirty-one years.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem one and thirty years.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign; and he reigned thirty and one years in Jerusalem.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem one and thirty years.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Iosias was eight yeare olde whan he was made kynge, and reigned one and thirtye yeare at Ierusalem,

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Iosiah was eight yeere olde when hee began to reigne, and he reigned in Ierusalem one and thirtie yeere.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Iosia was eyght yeres olde when he began to raigne, and he raigned in Hierusalem thirtie and one yeres.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ Josiah [was] eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem one and thirty years.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign; and he reigned thirty-one years in Jerusalem.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  A son of eight years `is' Josiah in his reigning, and thirty and one years he hath reigned in Jerusalem,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign; and he reigned thirty and one years in Jerusalem.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign; and he reigned thirty and one years in Jerusalem.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Josiah was eight years old when he became king; he was ruling in Jerusalem for thirty-one years.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign; and he reigned thirty-one years in Jerusalem.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Josiah Institutes Religious Reforms Josiah was eight years old when he became king, and he reigned for thirty-one years in Jerusalem.

Referenced Verses

• Jer 1:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.1.2", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֤ה דְבַר־יְהוָה֙ אֵלָ֔יו בִּימֵ֛י יֹאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ בֶן־אָמ֖וֹן מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה בִּשְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה שָׁנָ֖ה לְמָלְכֽוֹ׃", "text": "*ʾăšer* *hāyāh* *dĕbar*-*YHWH* *ʾēlāyw* in-*yĕmê* *Yōʾšiyyāhû* *ben*-*ʾĀmôn* *melek* *Yĕhûdāh* in-*šĕlōš*-*ʿeśrēh* *šānāh* to-*mālkô*", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which/that", "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was/came", "*dĕbar*": "construct singular - word of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*yĕmê*": "construct plural of *yôm* - days of", "*Yōʾšiyyāhû*": "proper name - Josiah", "*ben*": "construct singular - son of", "*ʾĀmôn*": "proper name - Amon", "*melek*": "construct singular - king of", "*Yĕhûdāh*": "proper name - Judah", "*šĕlōš*-*ʿeśrēh*": "cardinal number - thirteen", "*šānāh*": "singular - year", "*mālkô*": "infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his reigning" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "was/came/happened/occurred", "*dĕbar*-*YHWH*": "word of YHWH/message from YHWH/oracle of YHWH", "*lĕmālkô*": "of his reign/of his ruling/of his kingship" } }
• Zeph 1:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.1.1", "source": "דְּבַר־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֗ה אֶל־צְפַנְיָה֙ בֶּן־כּוּשִׁ֣י בֶן־גְּדַלְיָ֔ה בֶּן־אֲמַרְיָ֖ה בֶּן־חִזְקִיָּ֑ה בִּימֵ֛י יֹאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ בֶן־אָמ֖וֹן מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "*Dəḇar*-*YHWH* which *hāyāh* to-*Ṣəp̄anyāh* *ben*-*Kûšî* *ben*-*Gəḏalyāh* *ben*-*ʾĂmaryāh* *ben*-*Ḥizqiyyāh* in-*yəmê* *Yōʾšiyyāhû* *ben*-*ʾĀmôn* *meleḵ* *Yəhûḏāh*.", "grammar": { "*Dəḇar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word/matter of", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - happened/came/was", "*Ṣəp̄anyāh*": "proper name, 'YHWH has hidden/treasured'", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*Kûšî*": "proper name, possibly 'Cushite'", "*Gəḏalyāh*": "proper name, 'YHWH is great'", "*ʾĂmaryāh*": "proper name, 'YHWH has spoken/promised'", "*Ḥizqiyyāh*": "proper name, 'YHWH has strengthened'", "*yəmê*": "construct plural of *yôm* - days of", "*Yōʾšiyyāhû*": "proper name, 'YHWH supports'", "*ʾĀmôn*": "proper name of Judean king", "*meleḵ*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*Yəhûḏāh*": "proper name, Judah" }, "variants": { "*Dəḇar*": "word/speech/matter/thing", "*hāyāh*": "came/happened/occurred/was", "*yəmê*": "days/time/period" } }
• Matt 1:10-11 : 10 { "verseID": "Matthew.1.10", "source": "Ἐζεκίας δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Μανασσῆ· Μανασσῆς δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀμών· Ἀμὼν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωσίαν·", "text": "*Ezekias* *de* *egennēsen* the *Manassē*; *Manassēs* *de* *egennēsen* the *Amōn*; *Amōn* *de* *egennēsen* the *Iōsian*;", "grammar": { "*Ezekias*": "nominative, masculine, proper name - Hezekiah", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - and/but/now", "*egennēsen*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - begot/fathered", "*Manassē*": "accusative, masculine, proper name - Manasseh", "*Manassēs*": "nominative, masculine, proper name - Manasseh", "*Amōn*": "accusative, masculine, proper name - Amon", "*Iōsian*": "accusative, masculine, proper name - Josiah" }, "variants": { "*egennēsen*": "begot/fathered/became the ancestor of", "*de*": "and/but/now/then" } } 11 { "verseID": "Matthew.1.11", "source": "Ἰωσίας δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰεχονίαν καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ, ἐπὶ τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος:", "text": "*Iōsias* *de* *egennēsen* the *Iechonian* and the *adelphous* of him, at the *metoikesias* of *Babylōnos*:", "grammar": { "*Iōsias*": "nominative, masculine, proper name - Josiah", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - and/but/now", "*egennēsen*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - begot/fathered", "*Iechonian*": "accusative, masculine, proper name - Jeconiah", "*adelphous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - brothers", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of him", "*epi*": "preposition governing genitive - at/during/upon", "*tēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular, article - the", "*metoikesias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - deportation/exile", "*Babylōnos*": "genitive, feminine, proper name - of Babylon" }, "variants": { "*egennēsen*": "begot/fathered/became the ancestor of", "*de*": "and/but/now/then", "*epi*": "at/during/upon/at the time of", "*metoikesias*": "deportation/exile/removal/forced migration" } }
• 1 Sam 2:18 : 18 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.18", "source": "וּשְׁמוּאֵ֕ל מְשָׁרֵ֖ת אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה נַ֕עַר חָג֖וּר אֵפ֥וֹד בָּֽד׃", "text": "And *Shmuel* *mesharet* ʾet-*pene* *YHWH*; *naar* *hagur* *ephod* *bad*.", "grammar": { "*Shmuel*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Samuel", "*mesharet*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - ministering/serving", "ʾet": "direct object marker", "*pene*": "construct state of *panim* (face/presence), masculine plural - before/in the presence of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD", "*naar*": "noun, masculine singular - youth/boy/servant", "*hagur*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - girded/wearing", "*ephod*": "noun, masculine singular - ephod (priestly garment)", "*bad*": "noun, masculine singular - linen" }, "variants": { "*mesharet*": "serving/ministering/attending", "*pene*": "face/presence/before", "*naar*": "boy/youth/young man/servant", "*ephod*": "priestly vestment/garment", "*bad*": "linen/fine linen/separate part" } }
• 1 Sam 2:26 : 26 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.26", "source": "וְהַנַּ֣עַר שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל הֹלֵ֥ךְ וְגָדֵ֖ל וָט֑וֹב גַּ֚ם עִם־יְהוָ֔ה וְגַ֖ם עִם־אֲנָשִֽׁים׃", "text": "And-*hanaar* *Shmuel* *holekh* and-*gadel* and-*tov* also with-*YHWH* and-also with-*anashim*.", "grammar": { "*hanaar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the boy/youth", "*Shmuel*": "proper noun, masculine - Samuel", "*holekh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - going/growing", "*gadel*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - growing/becoming great", "*tov*": "adjective, masculine singular - good/pleasing", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD", "*anashim*": "noun, masculine plural - men/people" }, "variants": { "*holekh*": "growing/continuing/proceeding", "*gadel*": "growing/becoming great/increasing", "*tov*": "good/pleasing/favorable" } }
• 1 Kgs 3:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "1 Kings.3.7", "source": "וְעַתָּה֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔י אַתָּה֙ הִמְלַ֣כְתָּ אֶֽת־עַבְדְּךָ֔ תַּ֖חַת דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֑י וְאָֽנֹכִי֙ נַ֣עַר קָטֹ֔ן לֹ֥א אֵדַ֖ע צֵ֥את וָבֹֽא׃", "text": "And-now *YHWH* my *ʾĕlōhîm*, you *himlaktā* *ʾet*-your servant in-place-of *dāwid* my father; and-I *naʿar* *qāṭōn*, not *ʾēdaʿ* go-out and-come-in.", "grammar": { "*wĕʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my God", "*ʾattāh*": "personal pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - you", "*himlaktā*": "Hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have made king", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿabdĕkā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*taḥat*": "preposition - in place of/instead of", "*dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*ʾābî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my father", "*wĕʾānōkî*": "conjunction + personal pronoun, 1st person singular - and I", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - young man/youth/boy", "*qāṭōn*": "adjective, masculine singular - small/young", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾēdaʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I know", "*ṣēʾt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to go out", "*bōʾ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to come in" }, "variants": { "*naʿar qāṭōn*": "little child/young boy/inexperienced youth", "*ṣēʾt wābōʾ*": "go out and come in/conduct affairs/lead" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Kings.3.8", "source": "וְעַ֨בְדְּךָ֔ בְּת֥וֹךְ עַמְּךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּחָ֑רְתָּ עַם־רָ֕ב אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יִמָּנֶ֛ה וְלֹ֥א יִסָּפֵ֖ר מֵרֹֽב׃", "text": "And-your servant in-midst of-your *ʿam* which you *bāḥārtā*, *ʿam*-*rāb* which not-*yimmāneh* and-not *yissāpēr* from-abundance.", "grammar": { "*wĕʿabdĕkā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your servant", "*bĕtôk*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the midst of", "*ʿammĕkā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/whom", "*bāḥārtā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have chosen", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*rāb*": "adjective, masculine singular - numerous/great", "*yimmāneh*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - can be counted/numbered", "*yissāpēr*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - can be told/numbered/recorded", "*mērōb*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from abundance/multitude" }, "variants": { "*ʿam*": "people/nation", "*bāḥārtā*": "chose/elected/selected", "*rāb*": "numerous/great/large/mighty" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 Kings.3.9", "source": "וְנָתַתָּ֨ לְעַבְדְּךָ֜ לֵ֤ב שֹׁמֵ֙עַ֙ לִשְׁפֹּ֣ט אֶֽת־עַמְּךָ֔ לְהָבִ֖ין בֵּֽין־ט֣וֹב לְרָ֑ע כִּ֣י מִ֤י יוּכַל֙ לִשְׁפֹּ֔ט אֶת־עַמְּךָ֥ הַכָּבֵ֖ד הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And *wĕnātattā* to-your servant *lēb* *šōmēaʿ* to-*lišpōṭ* *ʾet*-your *ʿam*, to-*lĕhābîn* between-good to-evil; for who *yûkal* to-*lišpōṭ* *ʾet*-your *ʿam* the-*kābēd* the-this?", "grammar": { "*wĕnātattā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and may you give", "*lĕʿabdĕkā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to your servant", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular - heart/mind", "*šōmēaʿ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - hearing/listening", "*lišpōṭ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to judge", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿammĕkā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people", "*lĕhābîn*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to discern/understand", "*bên*": "preposition - between", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*lĕrāʿ*": "preposition + adjective, masculine singular - to evil", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*yûkal*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - is able", "*hakkābēd*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the weighty/numerous/important", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*lēb šōmēaʿ*": "hearing heart/discerning mind/understanding heart", "*kābēd*": "heavy/numerous/weighty/important", "*šōmēaʿ*": "hearing/listening/obedient/attentive" } }
• 1 Kgs 13:2 : 2 { "verseID": "1 Kings.13.2", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֤א עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מִזְבֵּ֣חַ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה הִנֵּֽה־בֵ֞ן נוֹלָ֤ד לְבֵית־דָּוִד֙ יֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ שְׁמ֔וֹ וְזָבַ֣ח עָלֶ֗יךָ אֶת־כֹּהֲנֵ֤י הַבָּמוֹת֙ הַמַּקְטִרִ֣ים עָלֶ֔יךָ וְעַצְמ֥וֹת אָדָ֖ם יִשְׂרְפ֥וּ עָלֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "And *wayyiqrāʾ* against *hammizbēaḥ* by *dəbar* *YHWH* and *wayyōʾmer* *mizbēaḥ* *mizbēaḥ* thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *hinnēh-bēn* *nôlād* to *bêt-dāwid* *yōʾšîyyāhû* *šəmô* and *zābaḥ* upon you *kōhănê* *habbāmôt* *hammaqṭirîm* upon you and *ʿaṣmôt* *ʾādām* *yiśrəpû* upon you.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he called out/cried out", "*hammizbēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the altar", "*dəbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word/command of", "*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*mizbēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - altar (vocative, repeated for emphasis)", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - said/has said", "*hinnēh-bēn*": "demonstrative particle + noun, masculine singular - behold, a son", "*nôlād*": "verb, niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - will be born/is born", "*bêt-dāwid*": "noun construct + proper noun - house of David", "*yōʾšîyyāhû*": "proper noun - Josiah", "*šəmô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*zābaḥ*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he will sacrifice", "*kōhănê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - priests of", "*habbāmôt*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - the high places", "*hammaqṭirîm*": "definite article + verb, hiphil participle masculine plural - the ones burning incense", "*ʿaṣmôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - bones of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/humanity", "*yiśrəpû*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will burn" }, "variants": { "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "he called out/he cried out/he proclaimed", "*dəbar YHWH*": "word of YHWH/command of YHWH/by YHWH's authority", "*nôlād*": "will be born/is born/has been born (prophetic perfect)", "*zābaḥ*": "will sacrifice/will slaughter/will offer", "*bāmôt*": "high places/shrines/illegal worship sites", "*hammaqṭirîm*": "who burn offerings/who make sacrifices/who offer incense" } }
• 2 Kgs 22:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.1", "source": "בֶּן־שְׁמֹנֶ֤ה שָׁנָה֙ יֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ בְמָלְכ֔וֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וְאַחַת֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ יְדִידָ֥ה בַת־עֲדָ֖יָה מִבָּצְקַֽת׃", "text": "*Ben*-*shemoneh* *shanah* *Yoshiyyahu* *bemalekho* and-*sheloshim* and-*achat* *shanah* *malakh* in-*Yerushalayim* and-*shem* *immo* *Yedidah* *bat*-*Adayah* from-*Batsqat*.", "grammar": { "*Ben*": "construct state, masculine, singular - son of", "*shemoneh*": "cardinal number, feminine - eight", "*shanah*": "common noun, feminine, singular - year", "*Yoshiyyahu*": "proper noun, masculine - Josiah", "*bemalekho*": "preposition + verb infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his becoming king/reigning", "*sheloshim*": "cardinal number - thirty", "*achat*": "cardinal number, feminine - one", "*malakh*": "verb, perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he reigned", "*Yerushalayim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*shem*": "common noun, masculine, construct - name of", "*immo*": "common noun, feminine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his mother", "*Yedidah*": "proper noun, feminine - Jedidah", "*bat*": "common noun, feminine, construct - daughter of", "*Adayah*": "proper noun, masculine - Adaiah", "*Batsqat*": "proper noun - Bozkath" }, "variants": { "*bemalekho*": "when he became king/when he began to reign/in his kingship", "*malakh*": "ruled/reigned" } } 2 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.2", "source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ בְּכָל־דֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֔יו וְלֹא־סָ֖ר יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאול׃", "text": "*Wayya'as* the-*yashar* in-*eyney* *YHWH* *wayyelekh* in-all-*derekh* *David* *aviv* and-not-*sar* *yamin* and-*semol*.", "grammar": { "*Wayya'as*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he did", "*yashar*": "adjective, masculine, singular, absolute - right/straight", "*eyney*": "common noun, feminine, dual construct - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*wayyelekh*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he walked", "*derekh*": "common noun, masculine, singular, construct - way of", "*David*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*aviv*": "common noun, masculine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father", "*sar*": "verb, perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - turned aside", "*yamin*": "common noun, masculine, singular - right", "*semol*": "common noun, masculine, singular - left" }, "variants": { "*wayya'as*": "and he did/and he made", "*yashar*": "right/straight/what is right", "*derekh*": "way/path/manner", "*sar*": "turned aside/deviated" } } 3 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.3", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י בִּשְׁמֹנֶ֤ה עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יֹאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ שָׁלַ֣ח הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ אֶת־שָׁפָ֨ן בֶּן־אֲצַלְיָ֤הוּ בֶן־מְשֻׁלָּם֙ הַסֹּפֵ֔ר בֵּ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃", "text": "*Wayehi* in-*shemoneh* *esreh* *shanah* to-the-*melekh* *Yoshiyyahu* *shalach* the-*melekh* *et*-*Shaphan* *ben*-*Atsalyahu* *ben*-*Meshullam* the-*sofer* *beyt* *YHWH* *lemor*.", "grammar": { "*Wayehi*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it happened", "*shemoneh*": "cardinal number, feminine - eight", "*esreh*": "cardinal number suffix - teen [eighteen]", "*shanah*": "common noun, feminine, singular - year", "*melekh*": "common noun, masculine, singular - king", "*Yoshiyyahu*": "proper noun, masculine - Josiah", "*shalach*": "verb, perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - sent", "*et*": "direct object marker", "*Shaphan*": "proper noun, masculine - Shaphan", "*ben*": "common noun, masculine, construct - son of", "*Atsalyahu*": "proper noun, masculine - Azaliah", "*Meshullam*": "proper noun, masculine - Meshullam", "*sofer*": "common noun, masculine, singular - scribe", "*beyt*": "common noun, masculine, construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*lemor*": "preposition + verb infinitive construct - saying" }, "variants": { "*Wayehi*": "and it happened/and it came to pass", "*sofer*": "scribe/secretary/scholar", "*beyt*": "house/temple" } } 4 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.4", "source": "עֲלֵ֗ה אֶל־חִלְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּד֔וֹל וְיַתֵּ֣ם אֶת־הַכֶּ֔סֶף הַמּוּבָ֖א בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָסְפ֛וּ שֹׁמְרֵ֥י הַסַּ֖ף מֵאֵ֥ת הָעָֽם׃", "text": "*Aleh* to-*Chilqiyyahu* the-*kohen* the-*gadol* and-*yattem* *et*-the-*kesef* the-*muva* *beyt* *YHWH* which *asefu* *shomerey* the-*saf* from *ha'am*.", "grammar": { "*Aleh*": "verb, imperative, masculine singular - go up", "*Chilqiyyahu*": "proper noun, masculine - Hilkiah", "*kohen*": "common noun, masculine, singular - priest", "*gadol*": "adjective, masculine, singular - great/high", "*yattem*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him complete/sum up", "*et*": "direct object marker", "*kesef*": "common noun, masculine, singular - silver/money", "*muva*": "verb, Hophal participle, masculine singular - brought in", "*beyt*": "common noun, masculine, construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*asefu*": "verb, perfect, 3rd person common plural - they gathered", "*shomerey*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural construct - keepers of", "*saf*": "common noun, masculine, singular - threshold", "*ha'am*": "common noun, masculine, singular - the people" }, "variants": { "*yattem*": "complete/sum up/count out/total up", "*kesef*": "silver/money", "*shomerey ha-saf*": "doorkeepers/threshold guards/gatekeepers" } } 5 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.5", "source": "*ויתנה **וְיִתְּנֻ֗הוּ עַל־יַד֙ עֹשֵׂ֣י הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה הַמֻּפְקָדִ֖ים *בבית **בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וְיִתְּנ֣וּ אֹת֗וֹ לְעֹשֵׂ֤י הַמְּלָאכָה֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה לְחַזֵּ֖ק בֶּ֥דֶק הַבָּֽיִת׃", "text": "*Weyittenuhu* upon-*yad* *osey* the-*melakhah* the-*mufqadim* *beyt* *YHWH* and-*yittenu* *oto* to-*osey* the-*melakhah* which in-*beyt* *YHWH* to-*chazzeq* *bedeq* the-*bayit*.", "grammar": { "*Weyittenuhu*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and let them give it", "*yad*": "common noun, feminine, singular construct - hand of", "*osey*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural construct - doers of", "*melakhah*": "common noun, feminine, singular - work", "*mufqadim*": "verb, Hophal participle, masculine plural - appointed/overseers", "*beyt*": "common noun, masculine, construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*yittenu*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they shall give", "*oto*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - it", "*chazzeq*": "verb, Piel infinitive construct - to strengthen/repair", "*bedeq*": "common noun, masculine, singular construct - breach of", "*bayit*": "common noun, masculine, singular - house" }, "variants": { "*yad*": "hand/control/authority", "*osey ha-melakhah*": "workmen/craftsmen/laborers", "*mufqadim*": "appointed/overseers/supervisors", "*chazzeq*": "strengthen/repair", "*bedeq ha-bayit*": "breach of the house/damage to the temple/needed repairs" } } 6 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.6", "source": "לֶחָ֣רָשִׁ֔ים וְלַבֹּנִ֖ים וְלַגֹּֽדְרִ֑ים וְלִקְנ֤וֹת עֵצִים֙ וְאַבְנֵ֣י מַחְצֵ֔ב לְחַזֵּ֖ק אֶת־הַבָּֽיִת׃", "text": "To-the-*charashim* and-to-the-*bonim* and-to-the-*goderim* and-to-*qenot* *etsim* and-*avney* *machtsev* to-*chazzeq* *et*-the-*bayit*.", "grammar": { "*charashim*": "common noun, masculine plural - craftsmen/carpenters", "*bonim*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - builders", "*goderim*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - masons/wall-builders", "*qenot*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct - to buy", "*etsim*": "common noun, masculine plural - trees/wood/timber", "*avney*": "common noun, feminine plural construct - stones of", "*machtsev*": "common noun, masculine singular - quarry", "*chazzeq*": "verb, Piel infinitive construct - to strengthen/repair", "*et*": "direct object marker", "*bayit*": "common noun, masculine, singular - house" }, "variants": { "*charashim*": "craftsmen/carpenters/artisans", "*bonim*": "builders/masons", "*goderim*": "masons/wall-builders/stonecutters", "*avney machtsev*": "quarried stone/hewn stone" } } 7 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.7", "source": "אַ֚ךְ לֹא־יֵחָשֵׁ֣ב אִתָּ֔ם הַכֶּ֖סֶף הַנִּתָּ֣ן עַל־יָדָ֑ם כִּ֥י בֶאֱמוּנָ֖ה הֵ֥ם עֹשִֽׂים׃", "text": "*Akh* not-*yechashev* *ittam* the-*kesef* the-*nittan* upon-*yadam* because in-*emunah* they *osim*.", "grammar": { "*Akh*": "adverb - but/only/surely", "*yechashev*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be reckoned", "*ittam*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with them", "*kesef*": "common noun, masculine, singular - silver/money", "*nittan*": "verb, Niphal participle, masculine singular - given", "*yadam*": "common noun, feminine, singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their hand", "*emunah*": "common noun, feminine, singular - faithfulness/trustworthiness", "*osim*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - doing/working" }, "variants": { "*Akh*": "but/only/however", "*yechashev*": "be reckoned/accounted/required an accounting", "*emunah*": "faithfulness/trustworthiness/honesty" } } 8 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.8", "source": "וַ֠יֹּאמֶר חִלְקִיָּ֜הוּ הַכֹּהֵ֤ן הַגָּדוֹל֙ עַל־שָׁפָ֣ן הַסֹּפֵ֔ר סֵ֧פֶר הַתּוֹרָ֛ה מָצָ֖אתִי בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּתֵּ֨ן חִלְקִיָּ֧ה אֶת־הַסֵּ֛פֶר אֶל־שָׁפָ֖ן וַיִּקְרָאֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "*Wayyomer* *Chilqiyyahu* the-*kohen* the-*gadol* to-*Shaphan* the-*sofer* *sefer* the-*torah* *matsati* in-*beyt* *YHWH* *wayyitten* *Chilqiyyah* *et*-the-*sefer* to-*Shaphan* *wayyiqra'ehu*.", "grammar": { "*Wayyomer*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*Chilqiyyahu*": "proper noun, masculine - Hilkiah", "*kohen*": "common noun, masculine, singular - priest", "*gadol*": "adjective, masculine, singular - great/high", "*Shaphan*": "proper noun, masculine - Shaphan", "*sofer*": "common noun, masculine, singular - scribe", "*sefer*": "common noun, masculine, singular construct - book of", "*torah*": "common noun, feminine, singular - law/instruction", "*matsati*": "verb, Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have found", "*beyt*": "common noun, masculine, construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*wayyitten*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he gave", "*Chilqiyyah*": "proper noun, masculine - Hilkiah", "*et*": "direct object marker", "*sefer*": "common noun, masculine, singular - book/scroll", "*wayyiqra'ehu*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he read it" }, "variants": { "*sefer ha-torah*": "book of the law/scroll of instruction/book of teaching", "*sofer*": "scribe/secretary/scholar" } } 9 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.9", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֞א שָׁפָ֤ן הַסֹּפֵר֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיָּ֥שֶׁב אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ דָּבָ֑ר וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִתִּ֤יכוּ עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־הַכֶּ֙סֶף֙ הַנִּמְצָ֣א בַבַּ֔יִת וַֽיִּתְּנֻ֗הוּ עַל־יַד֙ עֹשֵׂ֣י הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה הַמֻּפְקָדִ֖ים בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Wayyavo* *Shaphan* the-*sofer* to-the-*melekh* *wayyashev* *et*-the-*melekh* *davar* *wayyomer* *hittikhu* *avadeykha* *et*-the-*kesef* the-*nimtsa* in-the-*bayit* *wayyittenuhu* upon-*yad* *osey* the-*melakhah* the-*mufqadim* *beyt* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*Wayyavo*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he came", "*Shaphan*": "proper noun, masculine - Shaphan", "*sofer*": "common noun, masculine, singular - scribe", "*melekh*": "common noun, masculine, singular - king", "*wayyashev*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, Hiphil, 3rd person masculine singular - and he brought back", "*et*": "direct object marker", "*davar*": "common noun, masculine, singular - word/matter/report", "*wayyomer*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*hittikhu*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have poured out/emptied", "*avadeykha*": "common noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servants", "*kesef*": "common noun, masculine, singular - silver/money", "*nimtsa*": "verb, Niphal participle, masculine singular - found", "*bayit*": "common noun, masculine, singular - house", "*wayyittenuhu*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and they gave it", "*yad*": "common noun, feminine, singular construct - hand of", "*osey*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural construct - doers of", "*melakhah*": "common noun, feminine, singular - work", "*mufqadim*": "verb, Hophal participle, masculine plural - appointed/overseers", "*beyt*": "common noun, masculine, construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*wayyashev davar*": "brought back word/returned a report/reported", "*hittikhu*": "emptied out/poured out/gathered/collected", "*yad*": "hand/control/authority", "*osey ha-melakhah*": "workmen/craftsmen/laborers", "*mufqadim*": "appointed/overseers/supervisors" } } 10 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.10", "source": "וַיַּגֵּ֞ד שָׁפָ֤ן הַסֹּפֵר֙ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ לֵאמֹ֔ר סֵ֚פֶר נָ֣תַן לִ֔י חִלְקִיָּ֖ה הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וַיִּקְרָאֵ֥הוּ שָׁפָ֖ן לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "*Wayyagged* *Shaphan* the-*sofer* to-the-*melekh* *lemor* *sefer* *natan* to-me *Chilqiyyah* the-*kohen* *wayyiqra'ehu* *Shaphan* before the-*melekh*.", "grammar": { "*Wayyagged*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, Hiphil, 3rd person masculine singular - and he told", "*Shaphan*": "proper noun, masculine - Shaphan", "*sofer*": "common noun, masculine, singular - scribe", "*melekh*": "common noun, masculine, singular - king", "*lemor*": "preposition + verb infinitive construct - saying", "*sefer*": "common noun, masculine, singular - book/scroll", "*natan*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he gave", "*Chilqiyyah*": "proper noun, masculine - Hilkiah", "*kohen*": "common noun, masculine, singular - priest", "*wayyiqra'ehu*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he read it", "*lifney*": "preposition + common noun, plural construct - before" }, "variants": { "*wayyagged*": "told/reported/informed" } } 11 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.11", "source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֖י סֵ֣פֶר הַתּוֹרָ֑ה וַיִּקְרַ֖ע אֶת־בְּגָדָֽיו׃", "text": "*Wayehi* when-*shemoa* the-*melekh* *et*-*divrey* *sefer* the-*torah* *wayyiqra* *et*-*begadav*.", "grammar": { "*Wayehi*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it happened", "*shemoa*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct - to hear", "*melekh*": "common noun, masculine, singular - king", "*et*": "direct object marker", "*divrey*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*sefer*": "common noun, masculine, singular construct - book of", "*torah*": "common noun, feminine, singular - law/instruction", "*wayyiqra*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he tore", "*begadav*": "common noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his clothes" }, "variants": { "*Wayehi*": "and it happened/and it came to pass", "*divrey*": "words/contents/message", "*wayyiqra et-begadav*": "tore his clothes/rent his garments [sign of distress or mourning]" } } 12 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.12", "source": "וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֶת־חִלְקִיָּ֣ה הַכֹּהֵ֡ן וְאֶת־אֲחִיקָ֣ם בֶּן־שָׁ֠פָן וְאֶת־עַכְבּ֨וֹר בֶּן־מִיכָיָ֜ה וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שָׁפָ֣ן הַסֹּפֵ֗ר וְאֵ֛ת עֲשָׂיָ֥ה עֶֽבֶד־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֵאמֹֽר׃", "text": "*Wayetsav* the-*melekh* *et*-*Chilqiyyah* the-*kohen* and-*et*-*Achiqam* *ben*-*Shaphan* and-*et*-*Akhbor* *ben*-*Mikhayah* and-*et* *Shaphan* the-*sofer* and-*et* *Asayah* *eved*-the-*melekh* *lemor*.", "grammar": { "*Wayetsav*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, Piel, 3rd person masculine singular - and he commanded", "*melekh*": "common noun, masculine, singular - king", "*et*": "direct object marker", "*Chilqiyyah*": "proper noun, masculine - Hilkiah", "*kohen*": "common noun, masculine, singular - priest", "*Achiqam*": "proper noun, masculine - Ahikam", "*ben*": "common noun, masculine, construct - son of", "*Shaphan*": "proper noun, masculine - Shaphan", "*Akhbor*": "proper noun, masculine - Achbor", "*Mikhayah*": "proper noun, masculine - Micaiah", "*sofer*": "common noun, masculine, singular - scribe", "*Asayah*": "proper noun, masculine - Asaiah", "*eved*": "common noun, masculine, construct - servant of", "*lemor*": "preposition + verb infinitive construct - saying" }, "variants": { "*wayetsav*": "commanded/ordered/instructed", "*eved-ha-melekh*": "servant of the king/royal official" } } 13 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.13", "source": "לְכוּ֩ דִרְשׁ֨וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֜ה בַּעֲדִ֣י וּבְעַד־הָעָ֗ם וּבְעַד֙ כָּל־יְהוּדָ֔ה עַל־דִּבְרֵ֛י הַסֵּ֥פֶר הַנִּמְצָ֖א הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־גְדוֹלָ֞ה חֲמַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁר־הִיא֙ נִצְּתָ֣ה בָ֔נוּ עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֜וּ אֲבֹתֵ֗ינוּ עַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ הַסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת כְּכָל־הַכָּת֥וּב עָלֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "*Lekhu* *dirshu* *et*-*YHWH* for-me and-for-the-*am* and-for all-*Yehudah* concerning-*divrey* the-*sefer* the-*nimtsa* the-this because-*gedolah* *chamat* *YHWH* which-she *nitsetah* against-us because *asher* not-*shame'u* *avoteynu* concerning-*divrey* the-*sefer* the-this to-*asot* according-to-all-the-*katuv* concerning-us.", "grammar": { "*Lekhu*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural - go", "*dirshu*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural - inquire of/seek", "*et*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*am*": "common noun, masculine, singular - people", "*Yehudah*": "proper noun - Judah", "*divrey*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*sefer*": "common noun, masculine, singular - book/scroll", "*nimtsa*": "verb, Niphal participle, masculine singular - found", "*gedolah*": "adjective, feminine, singular - great", "*chamat*": "common noun, feminine, singular construct - wrath of", "*nitsetah*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is kindled", "*shame'u*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they listened to/obeyed", "*avoteynu*": "common noun, masculine plural + 1st person common plural suffix - our fathers", "*asot*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct - to do", "*katuv*": "verb, Qal passive participle, masculine singular - written" }, "variants": { "*dirshu et-YHWH*": "inquire of the LORD/seek the LORD", "*chamat*": "wrath/anger/fury", "*nitsetah*": "kindled/ignited/inflamed", "*shame'u*": "listened to/obeyed/heeded", "*katuv*": "written/inscribed/prescribed" } } 14 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.14", "source": "וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ חִלְקִיָּ֣הוּ הַ֠כֹּהֵן וַאֲחִיקָ֨ם וְעַכְבּ֜וֹר וְשָׁפָ֣ן וַעֲשָׂיָ֗ה אֶל־חֻלְדָּ֨ה הַנְּבִיאָ֜ה אֵ֣שֶׁת ׀ שַׁלֻּ֣ם בֶּן־תִּקְוָ֗ה בֶּן־חַרְחַס֙ שֹׁמֵ֣ר הַבְּגָדִ֔ים וְהִ֛יא יֹשֶׁ֥בֶת בִּירוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם בַּמִּשְׁנֶ֑ה וַֽיְדַבְּר֖וּ אֵלֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*Wayyelekh* *Chilqiyyahu* the-*kohen* and-*Achiqam* and-*Akhbor* and-*Shaphan* and-*Asayah* to-*Chuldah* the-*neviah* *eshet* *Shallum* *ben*-*Tiqwah* *ben*-*Charchas* *shomer* the-*begadim* and-she *yoshevet* in-*Yerushalayim* in-the-*mishneh* *wayedabberu* to-her.", "grammar": { "*Wayyelekh*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he went", "*Chilqiyyahu*": "proper noun, masculine - Hilkiah", "*kohen*": "common noun, masculine, singular - priest", "*Achiqam*": "proper noun, masculine - Ahikam", "*Akhbor*": "proper noun, masculine - Achbor", "*Shaphan*": "proper noun, masculine - Shaphan", "*Asayah*": "proper noun, masculine - Asaiah", "*Chuldah*": "proper noun, feminine - Huldah", "*neviah*": "common noun, feminine, singular - prophetess", "*eshet*": "common noun, feminine, construct - wife of", "*Shallum*": "proper noun, masculine - Shallum", "*ben*": "common noun, masculine, construct - son of", "*Tiqwah*": "proper noun, masculine - Tikvah", "*Charchas*": "proper noun, masculine - Harhas", "*shomer*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular construct - keeper of", "*begadim*": "common noun, masculine plural - clothes/garments", "*yoshevet*": "verb, Qal participle, feminine singular - dwelling", "*Yerushalayim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*mishneh*": "common noun, masculine, singular - second quarter/district", "*wayedabberu*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, Piel, 3rd person masculine plural - and they spoke" }, "variants": { "*neviah*": "prophetess/female prophet", "*shomer ha-begadim*": "keeper of the clothes/wardrobe keeper/custodian of vestments", "*mishneh*": "second quarter/district/new quarter [of Jerusalem]" } } 15 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.15", "source": "וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִמְר֣וּ לָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃", "text": "*Wattomer* to-them thus-*amar* *YHWH* *Elohey* *Yisrael* *imru* to-the-*ish* who-*shalach* *etkhem* to-me.", "grammar": { "*Wattomer*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and she said", "*amar*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he said/says", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*Elohey*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yisrael*": "proper noun - Israel", "*imru*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural - say", "*ish*": "common noun, masculine, singular - man", "*shalach*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he sent", "*etkhem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you" }, "variants": { "*Elohey Yisrael*": "God of Israel" } } 16 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.16", "source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִ֨י מֵבִ֥יא רָעָ֛ה אֶל־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה וְעַל־יֹֽשְׁבָ֑יו אֵ֚ת כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֣י הַסֵּ֔פֶר אֲשֶׁ֥ר קָרָ֖א מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "Thus *amar* *YHWH* *hineni* *mevi* *ra'ah* to-the-*maqom* the-this and-upon-*yoshevav* *et* all-*divrey* the-*sefer* which *qara* *melekh* *Yehudah*.", "grammar": { "*amar*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he said/says", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*hineni*": "interjection + 1st person singular suffix - behold me", "*mevi*": "verb, Hiphil participle, masculine singular - bringing", "*ra'ah*": "common noun, feminine, singular - evil/disaster", "*maqom*": "common noun, masculine, singular - place", "*yoshevav*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its inhabitants", "*et*": "direct object marker", "*divrey*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*sefer*": "common noun, masculine, singular - book/scroll", "*qara*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he read", "*melekh*": "common noun, masculine, singular construct - king of", "*Yehudah*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*hineni*": "behold me/here am I [indicating readiness to act]", "*mevi ra'ah*": "bringing disaster/bringing calamity/bringing evil", "*maqom*": "place/location/site [refers to Jerusalem/temple]", "*yoshevav*": "its inhabitants/dwellers/residents" } } 17 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.17", "source": "תַּ֣חַת ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲזָב֗וּנִי וַֽיְקַטְּרוּ֙ לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים לְמַ֙עַן֙ הַכְעִיסֵ֔נִי בְּכֹ֖ל מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵיהֶ֑ם וְנִצְּתָ֧ה חֲמָתִ֛י בַּמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה וְלֹ֥א תִכְבֶּֽה׃", "text": "Under *asher* *azavuni* *wayeqatteru* to-*elohim* *acherim* for-purpose *hakh'iseni* with-all *ma'aseh* *yedeyhem* and-*nitstsah* *chamati* in-the-*maqom* the-this and-not *tikhbeh*.", "grammar": { "*asher*": "relative particle - which/that", "*azavuni*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural + 1st person singular suffix - they have forsaken me", "*wayeqatteru*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, Piel, 3rd person masculine plural - and they burned incense", "*elohim*": "common noun, masculine plural - gods", "*acherim*": "adjective, masculine plural - other", "*hakh'iseni*": "verb, Hiphil infinitive construct + 1st person singular suffix - to provoke me to anger", "*ma'aseh*": "common noun, masculine, singular construct - work of", "*yedeyhem*": "common noun, feminine dual + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their hands", "*nitstsah*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is kindled", "*chamati*": "common noun, feminine, singular + 1st person singular suffix - my wrath", "*maqom*": "common noun, masculine, singular - place", "*tikhbeh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will be quenched" }, "variants": { "*azavuni*": "forsaken me/abandoned me", "*wayeqatteru*": "burned incense/offered sacrifices to", "*elohim acherim*": "other gods/foreign deities", "*hakh'iseni*": "provoke me to anger/provoke my wrath", "*ma'aseh yedeyhem*": "work of their hands/their deeds/their made things [idols]", "*nitstsah chamati*": "my wrath is kindled/my anger is ignited", "*tikhbeh*": "be quenched/be extinguished" } } 18 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.18", "source": "וְאֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֗ה הַשֹּׁלֵ֤חַ אֶתְכֶם֙ לִדְרֹ֣שׁ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כֹּ֥ה תֹאמְר֖וּ אֵלָ֑יו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַדְּבָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמָֽעְתָּ׃", "text": "And-to-*melekh* *Yehudah* the-*shole'ach* *etkhem* to-*dirosh* *et*-*YHWH* thus *tomeru* to-him thus-*amar* *YHWH* *Elohey* *Yisrael* the-*devarim* which *shama'ta*.", "grammar": { "*melekh*": "common noun, masculine, singular construct - king of", "*Yehudah*": "proper noun - Judah", "*shole'ach*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular - sending", "*etkhem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you", "*dirosh*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct - to inquire of", "*et*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*tomeru*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you shall say", "*amar*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he said/says", "*Elohey*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yisrael*": "proper noun - Israel", "*devarim*": "common noun, masculine plural - words", "*shama'ta*": "verb, Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have heard" }, "variants": { "*shole'ach*": "sending/who sent", "*dirosh et-YHWH*": "inquire of the LORD/consult the LORD", "*devarim*": "words/matters/things" } } 19 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.19", "source": "יַ֠עַן רַךְ־לְבָ֨בְךָ֜ וַתִּכָּנַ֣ע ׀ מִפְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה בְּֽשָׁמְעֲךָ֡ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבַּרְתִּי֩ עַל־הַמָּק֨וֹם הַזֶּ֜ה וְעַל־יֹשְׁבָ֗יו לִהְי֤וֹת לְשַׁמָּה֙ וְלִקְלָלָ֔ה וַתִּקְרַע֙ אֶת־בְּגָדֶ֔יךָ וַתִּבְכֶּ֖ה לְפָנָ֑י וְגַ֧ם אָנֹכִ֛י שָׁמַ֖עְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Ya'an* *rakh*-*levavekha* *wattikkana* from-*peney* *YHWH* in-*shame'akha* *asher* *dibbarti* upon-the-*maqom* the-this and-upon-*yoshevav* to-be to-*shammah* and-to-*qelalah* *wattiqra* *et*-*begadeykha* *wattivkeh* before-me and-also I *shama'ti* *ne'um*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*Ya'an*": "conjunction - because", "*rakh*": "adjective, masculine, singular - soft/tender", "*levavekha*": "common noun, masculine, singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*wattikkana*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, Niphal, 2nd person masculine singular - and you humbled yourself", "*peney*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - face of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*shame'akha*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hearing", "*asher*": "relative particle - which/that", "*dibbarti*": "verb, Piel perfect, 1st person singular - I have spoken", "*maqom*": "common noun, masculine, singular - place", "*yoshevav*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its inhabitants", "*shammah*": "common noun, feminine, singular - desolation", "*qelalah*": "common noun, feminine, singular - curse", "*wattiqra*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you tore", "*begadeykha*": "common noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your clothes", "*wattivkeh*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you wept", "*shama'ti*": "verb, Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have heard", "*ne'um*": "common noun, masculine, singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*Ya'an*": "because/since", "*rakh-levavekha*": "your heart is tender/your heart is soft [indicates sensitivity]", "*wattikkana*": "you humbled yourself/you were submissive", "*mippeney YHWH*": "before the LORD/in the presence of the LORD", "*shammah*": "desolation/horror/waste", "*qelalah*": "curse/cursing", "*wattivkeh*": "you wept/you cried", "*ne'um-YHWH*": "declaration of the LORD/oracle of the LORD" } } 20 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.20", "source": "לָכֵן֩ הִנְנִ֨י אֹֽסִפְךָ֜ עַל־אֲבֹתֶ֗יךָ וְנֶאֱסַפְתָּ֣ אֶל־קִבְרֹתֶיךָ֮ בְּשָׁלוֹם֒ וְלֹא־תִרְאֶ֣ינָה עֵינֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹל֙ הָֽרָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י מֵבִ֖יא עַל־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וַיָּשִׁ֥יבוּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ דָּבָֽר׃", "text": "*Lakhen* *hineni* *osifekha* to-*avoteykha* *wene'esafta* to-*qivroteykha* in-*shalom* and-not-*tir'eynah* *eynekha* in-all the-*ra'ah* which-I *mevi* upon-the-*maqom* the-this *wayyashivu* *et*-the-*melekh* *davar*.", "grammar": { "*Lakhen*": "adverb - therefore", "*hineni*": "interjection + 1st person singular suffix - behold me", "*osifekha*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - gathering you", "*avoteykha*": "common noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your fathers", "*wene'esafta*": "verb, waw-consecutive perfect, Niphal, 2nd person masculine singular - and you will be gathered", "*qivroteykha*": "common noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your graves", "*shalom*": "common noun, masculine, singular - peace", "*tir'eynah*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will see", "*eynekha*": "common noun, feminine dual + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*ra'ah*": "common noun, feminine, singular - evil/disaster", "*mevi*": "verb, Hiphil participle, masculine singular - bringing", "*maqom*": "common noun, masculine, singular - place", "*wayyashivu*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, Hiphil, 3rd person masculine plural - and they brought back", "*et*": "direct object marker", "*melekh*": "common noun, masculine, singular - king", "*davar*": "common noun, masculine, singular - word/report" }, "variants": { "*hineni osifekha el-avoteykha*": "behold, I will gather you to your fathers [euphemism for death]", "*wene'esafta el-qivroteykha be-shalom*": "you will be gathered to your grave in peace [peaceful death]", "*lo-tir'eynah eynekha*": "your eyes will not see [you will not witness]", "*wayyashivu et-ha-melekh davar*": "they brought back word to the king/they reported to the king" } }
• 1 Chr 3:14-15 : 14 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.3.14", "source": "‫ 14 ׃3 אָמ֥וֹן בְּנ֖וֹ יֹאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ בְנֽוֹ׃ ‬", "text": "*ʾāmôn* *bĕnô* *yōʾšiyyāhû* *bĕnô*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmôn*": "proper noun - Amon", "*bĕnô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son", "*yōʾšiyyāhû*": "proper noun - Josiah", "*bĕnô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son" }, "variants": {} } 15 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.3.15", "source": "‫ 15 ׃3 וּבְנֵי֙ יֹאשִׁיָּ֔הוּ הַבְּכוֹר֙ יוֹחָנָ֔ן הַשֵּׁנִ֖י יְהוֹיָקִ֑ים הַשְּׁלִשִׁי֙ צִדְקִיָּ֔הוּ הָרְבִיעִ֖י שַׁלּֽוּם׃ ‬", "text": "And *bĕnê* *yōʾšiyyāhû*: *habbĕkôr* *yôḥānān*, *haššēnî* *yĕhôyāqîm*, *haššĕlišî* *ṣidqiyyāhû*, *hārĕbîʿî* *šallûm*", "grammar": { "*û-*": "conjunction - and", "*bĕnê*": "construct masculine plural - sons of", "*yōʾšiyyāhû*": "proper noun - Josiah", "*habbĕkôr*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the firstborn", "*yôḥānān*": "proper noun - Johanan", "*haššēnî*": "definite article + masculine singular ordinal - the second", "*yĕhôyāqîm*": "proper noun - Jehoiakim", "*haššĕlišî*": "definite article + masculine singular ordinal - the third", "*ṣidqiyyāhû*": "proper noun - Zedekiah", "*hārĕbîʿî*": "definite article + masculine singular ordinal - the fourth", "*šallûm*": "proper noun - Shallum" }, "variants": { "*habbĕkôr*": "the firstborn/first son", "*haššēnî*": "the second [son]", "*haššĕlišî*": "the third [son]", "*hārĕbîʿî*": "the fourth [son]" } }
• 2 Chr 24:1 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.24.1", "source": "בֶּן־שֶׁ֤בַע שָׁנִים֙ יֹאָ֣שׁ בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּֽירוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ צִבְיָ֖ה מִבְּאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע׃", "text": "*Ben*-*shevaʿ* *shanim* *Yoʾash* *bemalekho* *weʾarbaʿim* *shanah* *malakh* in-*Yerushalaim* and-*shem* *ʾimmo* *Tsivyah* from-*Beʾer* *Shavaʿ*", "grammar": { "*Ben*": "construct state, masculine, singular - son of", "*shevaʿ*": "numeral, cardinal - seven", "*shanim*": "plural of shanah - years", "*Yoʾash*": "proper name, subject - Joash", "*bemalekho*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his becoming king/when he began to reign", "*weʾarbaʿim*": "conjunction + numeral, cardinal - and forty", "*shanah*": "feminine, singular - year", "*malakh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he reigned", "*Yerushalaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*shem*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - name of", "*ʾimmo*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his mother", "*Tsivyah*": "proper name - Zibiah", "*Beʾer*": "proper noun, construct - Beer", "*Shavaʿ*": "proper noun - Sheba" }, "variants": { "*Ben*-*shevaʿ* *shanim*": "son of seven years/seven years old", "*bemalekho*": "when he became king/in his reign", "*Beʾer* *Shavaʿ*": "Beer-sheba (place name)" } }
• 2 Chr 26:1 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.26.1", "source": "וַיִּקְח֞וּ כָּל־עַ֤ם יְהוּדָה֙ אֶת־עֻזִיָּ֔הוּ וְה֕וּא בֶּן־שֵׁ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה וַיַּמְלִ֣יכוּ אֹת֔וֹ תַּ֖חַת אָבִ֥יו אֲמַצְיָֽהוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yiqqəḥû* all-*'am yəhûdāh* *'et*-*'uzziyyāhû* *wə-hû'* son-six ten *šānāh* *wə-yamlikû* him under father-his *'ămaṣyāhû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqqəḥû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they took", "*'am yəhûdāh*": "construct state - people of Judah", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*'uzziyyāhû*": "proper name - Uzziah", "*wə-hû'*": "conjunction + 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - and he", "*šānāh*": "feminine singular noun - year", "*wə-yamlikû*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd plural - and they made king", "*'ămaṣyāhû*": "proper name - Amaziah" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiqqəḥû*": "and they took/selected/chose", "*'uzziyyāhû*": "Uzziah (meaning 'Yahweh is my strength')", "*wə-yamlikû*": "and they made king/crowned/enthroned" } }
• 2 Chr 33:1 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.33.1", "source": "בֶּן־שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֛ה שָׁנָ֖ה מְנַשֶּׁ֣ה בְמָלְכ֑וֹ וַחֲמִשִּׁ֤ים וְחָמֵשׁ֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "*Ben*-*sh'têm* *ʿesrêh* *shānāh* *Menasheh* *bemālkô* *wachamishshîm* *wechāmêsh* *shānāh* *mālak* *bîrûshālāim*", "grammar": { "*Ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*sh'têm* *ʿesrêh*": "cardinal number, feminine - twelve", "*shānāh*": "feminine singular absolute - year", "*Menasheh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Manasseh", "*bemālkô*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his becoming king (when he began to reign)", "*wachamishshîm*": "conjunction + cardinal number, masculine - and fifty", "*wechāmêsh*": "conjunction + cardinal number, feminine - and five", "*shānāh*": "feminine singular absolute - year", "*mālak*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he reigned", "*bîrûshālāim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*bemālkô*": "when he became king/when he began to reign", "*mālak*": "reigned/ruled" } }
• 2 Chr 33:25 : 25 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.33.25", "source": "וַיַּכּוּ֙ עַם־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַקֹּֽשְׁרִ֖ים עַל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אָמ֑וֹן וַיַּמְלִ֧יכוּ עַם־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֶת־יֹאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃", "text": "*Wayyakkû* *ʿam*-*hāʾāreṣ* *ʾêt* *kol*-*haqqōsherîm* *ʿal*-*hammelek* *ʾĀmôn* *wayyamlîkhû* *ʿam*-*hāʾāreṣ* *ʾet*-*Yōʾshiyyāhû* *benô* *taḥtāyw*", "grammar": { "*Wayyakkû*": "Hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they struck", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular construct - people of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*ʾêt*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "noun construct - all of", "*haqqōsherîm*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine plural - the ones conspiring", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against", "*hammelek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*ʾĀmôn*": "proper noun - Amon", "*wayyamlîkhû*": "Hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they made king", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular construct - people of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yōʾshiyyāhû*": "proper noun - Josiah", "*benô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his son", "*taḥtāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his place" }, "variants": { "*ʿam*-*hāʾāreṣ*": "people of the land/common people/land-owning citizens", "*haqqōsherîm*": "conspirators/those who plotted/rebels", "*wayyamlîkhû*": "made king/enthroned/crowned" } }
• Eccl 4:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.13", "source": "ט֛וֹב יֶ֥לֶד מִסְכֵּ֖ן וְחָכָ֑ם מִמֶּ֤לֶךְ זָקֵן֙ וּכְסִ֔יל אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־יָדַ֥ע לְהִזָּהֵ֖ר עֽוֹד׃", "text": "*ṭôḇ* *yeled* *miskēn* and-*ḥāḵām* from-*meleḵ* *zāqēn* and-*kəsîl* who not-*yādaʿ* to-*hizzāhēr* *ʿôd*", "grammar": { "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - better/good", "*yeled*": "noun, masculine singular - child/boy/youth", "*miskēn*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor", "*ḥāḵām*": "adjective, masculine singular - wise", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*zāqēn*": "adjective, masculine singular - old", "*kəsîl*": "adjective, masculine singular - foolish", "*yādaʿ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he knew", "*hizzāhēr*": "Niphal infinitive construct - to be warned/admonished", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/anymore" }, "variants": { "*yeled*": "child/boy/youth/young man", "*miskēn*": "poor/lowly/disadvantaged", "*ḥāḵām*": "wise/skillful/clever", "*kəsîl*": "foolish/stubborn/lacking wisdom", "*yādaʿ lə-hizzāhēr*": "knew to be warned/was able to receive instruction", "*ʿôd*": "still/anymore/any longer" } }