Verse 2

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.1.2", "source": "שִׁמְע֤וּ שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְהַאֲזִ֣ינִי אֶ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּ֑ר בָּנִים֙ גִּדַּ֣לְתִּי וְרוֹמַ֔מְתִּי וְהֵ֖ם פָּ֥שְׁעוּ בִֽי׃", "text": "*šim'û* *šāmayim* *wᵉhaʾăzînî* *ʾereṣ* *kî* *YHWH* *dibber* *bānîm* *giddalᵊtî* *wᵉrômamᵊtî* *wᵉhēm* *pāšᵊ'û* *bî*", "grammar": { "*šim'û*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural - heavens", "*wᵉhaʾăzînî*": "conjunction wə- + hifil imperative, feminine singular - and give ear/listen", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*dibber*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has spoken", "*bānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sons/children", "*giddalᵊtî*": "verb, piel perfect, 1st person singular - I have raised/brought up", "*wᵉrômamᵊtî*": "conjunction wə- + polel perfect, 1st person singular - and exalted", "*wᵉhēm*": "conjunction wə- + pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural - and they", "*pāšᵊ'û*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - rebelled/transgressed", "*bî*": "preposition bə- + 1st person singular pronominal suffix - against me" }, "variants": { "*šim'û*": "hear/listen/obey", "*haʾăzînî*": "give ear/pay attention/listen", "*kî*": "for/because/that/when", "*giddalᵊtî*": "raised/brought up/nourished/made great", "*rômamᵊtî*": "exalted/raised up/brought to honor", "*pāšᵊ'û*": "rebelled/transgressed/revolted" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Hør, himler, og gi akt, jord! For Herren har talt: 'Barn jeg har fostret og opphøyet, men de har gjort opprør mot meg.'

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Hør, himler, og lytt, jord! For Herren har talt: Jeg har fostret opp barn og oppdratt dem, men de har gjort opprør mot meg.

• Norsk King James

  Hør, o himler, og lytt, o jord: for Herren har talt. Jeg har oppdratt barn og gitt dem omsorg, men de har gjort opprør mot meg.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Hør, dere himler, og lytt, du jord, for Herren har talt: Jeg har oppdratt barn og hevet dem opp, men de har gjort opprør mot meg.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Hør, dere himler, og lytt, du jord, for Herren har talt: Jeg har oppdratt og hevet barn, men de har gjort opprør mot meg.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Hør, dere himler, og lytt, du jord! For Herren har talt: Jeg har oppdratt barn og gitt dem vekst, men de har gjort opprør mot meg.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Hør, himmel, og lytt, jord: for Herren har talt. Jeg har næret og oppfostret barn, og de har gjort opprør mot meg.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Hør, dere himler, og lytt, du jord! For Herren har talt: Jeg har oppdratt barn og gitt dem vekst, men de har gjort opprør mot meg.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Hør, himler, og lytt, jord, for Herren har talt: Barn har jeg oppdratt og løftet opp, men de har gjort opprør mot meg.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth, for the LORD has spoken: "I have raised children and brought them up, but they have rebelled against Me.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Hør, himmel, og lytt, jord, for Herren har talt: 'Jeg har oppdratt og opphøyet barn, men de har gjort opprør mot meg.'

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Hører, I Himle! og du Jord, mærk! thi Herren haver talet: Jeg haver opdraget Børn og ophøiet (dem), men de, de have gjort Overtrædelse Mod mig.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth: for the LORD hath spoken, I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Hør, himler, og lytt, jord, for Herren har talt: Jeg har fostret og oppdratt barn, men de har gjort opprør mot meg.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Hear, O heavens, and listen, O earth: for the LORD has spoken, I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth: for the LORD hath spoken, I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Hør, himmel, og lytt, jord, for Herren har talt: Jeg har oppdratt barn og gitt dem næring, men de har gjort opprør mot meg.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Hør, dere himler, og lytt, du jord, for Herren har talt: Barn har jeg oppdratt og fostret, men de har syndet mot meg.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Hør, dere himler, og lytt, du jord, for Herren har talt: Jeg har oppdratt og fostret barn, men de har gjort opprør mot meg.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Hør, himmeler, og lytt, jord, til ordet som Herren har sagt: Jeg har tatt vare på mine barn til de ble voksne, men deres hjerter har vendt seg bort fra meg.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Heare o heauen, herken o earth, for the LORDE speaketh: I haue norished & brought vp children, and they are fallen awaye fro me.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Heare, O heauens, and hearken, O earth: for the Lorde hath sayde, I haue nourished and brought vp children, but they haue rebelled against me.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Heare O heauens, and hearken O earth: for the Lorde hath spoken, I haue norished and brought vp children, and they haue done vnfaithfully against me.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth: for the LORD hath spoken, I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Hear, heavens, And listen, earth; for Yahweh has spoken: I have nourished and brought up children, And they have rebelled against me.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth, For Jehovah hath spoken: Sons I have nourished and brought up, And they -- they transgressed against Me.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth; for Jehovah hath spoken: I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Give ear, O heavens, and you, O earth, to the word which the Lord has said: I have taken care of my children till they became men, but their hearts have been turned away from me.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Hear, heavens, and listen, earth; for Yahweh has spoken: "I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Obedience, not Sacrifice Listen, O heavens, pay attention, O earth! For the LORD speaks:“I raised children, I brought them up, but they have rebelled against me!

Referenced Verses

• Mic 1:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Micah.1.2", "source": "שִׁמְעוּ֙ עַמִּ֣ים כֻּלָּ֔ם הַקְשִׁ֖יבִי אֶ֣רֶץ וּמְלֹאָ֑הּ וִיהִי֩ אֲדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֤ה בָּכֶם֙ לְעֵ֔ד אֲדֹנָ֖י מֵהֵיכַ֥ל קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "*Šimʿû* *ʿammîm* all-of-them *haqšîḇî* *ʾereṣ* and-fullness-of-her and-let-be *ʾĂḏōnāy* *YHWH* against-you-all for-*ʿēḏ* *ʾĂḏōnāy* from-*hêḵal* *qāḏšô*", "grammar": { "*Šimʿû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*ʿammîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - peoples/nations", "*haqšîḇî*": "hifil imperative, feminine singular - pay attention/listen", "*ʾereṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*ʾĂḏōnāy*": "divine title, my-Lord (plural of majesty)", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*ʿēḏ*": "common noun, masculine singular - witness", "*hêḵal*": "common noun, masculine singular - temple/palace", "*qāḏšô*": "common noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - his holiness/his holy [place]" }, "variants": { "*Šimʿû*": "hear/listen/obey", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/tribes", "*haqšîḇî*": "pay attention/listen/give ear", "*ʾereṣ*": "earth/land/ground/territory", "*ʿēḏ*": "witness/testimony/evidence", "*hêḵal*": "temple/palace/sanctuary" } }
• Deut 32:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.1", "source": "הַאֲזִ֥ינוּ הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וַאֲדַבֵּ֑רָה וְתִשְׁמַ֥ע הָאָ֖רֶץ אִמְרֵי־פִֽי׃", "text": "*haʾăzînû* the *šāmayim* *waʾădabbērâ* *wəṯišmaʿ* the *hāʾāreṣ* *ʾimrê*-*pî*", "grammar": { "*haʾăzînû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - give ear/listen", "*šāmayim*": "masculine plural noun - heavens/sky", "*waʾădabbērâ*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - and let me speak", "*wəṯišmaʿ*": "waw conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular jussive - and let hear", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth/land", "*ʾimrê*": "masculine plural construct noun - words/sayings of", "*pî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my mouth" }, "variants": { "*haʾăzînû*": "give ear/listen/pay attention", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*waʾădabbērâ*": "and I will speak/let me speak", "*wəṯišmaʿ*": "and let hear/may hear", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*ʾimrê-pî*": "words of my mouth/my sayings/my speech" } }
• Deut 4:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.26", "source": "הַעִידֹתִי֩ בָכֶ֨ם הַיּ֜וֹם אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ כִּֽי־אָבֹ֣ד תֹּאבֵדוּן֮ מַהֵר֒ מֵעַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֧ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ לֹֽא־תַאֲרִיכֻ֤ן יָמִים֙ עָלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֥י הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּן׃", "text": "*haʿîdōtî bākem ha-yyôm ʾet-ha-ššāmayim wə-ʾet-hā-ʾāreṣ kî-ʾābōd tōʾbēdûn mahēr mē-ʿal hā-ʾāreṣ ʾăšer ʾattem ʿōbərîm ʾet-ha-yyardēn šāmmāh lə-rištāh lōʾ-taʾărîkun yāmîm ʿālêhā kî hiššāmēd tiššāmēdûn*.", "grammar": { "*haʿîdōtî*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st common singular - I call to witness", "*bākem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - against you", "*ha-yyôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the day/today", "*ʾet-ha-ššāmayim*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine plural noun - the heavens", "*wə-ʾet-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the earth", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*ʾābōd tōʾbēdûn*": "Qal infinitive absolute + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - utterly perish", "*mahēr*": "adverb - quickly", "*mē-ʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʾattem*": "2nd masculine plural pronoun - you", "*ʿōbərîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - crossing over", "*ʾet-ha-yyardēn*": "direct object marker + definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb - there", "*lə-rištāh*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to possess it", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*taʾărîkun*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural + paragogic nun - you will prolong", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - on it", "*kî*": "conjunction - but/for", "*hiššāmēd tiššāmēdûn*": "Niphal infinitive absolute + Niphal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - utterly be destroyed" }, "variants": { "*haʿîdōtî*": "call to witness/testify against/warn", "*yôm*": "day/today", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land", "*ʾābōd tōʾbēdûn*": "surely perish/utterly be destroyed/completely vanish", "*mahēr*": "quickly/speedily/soon", "*ʿōbərîm*": "crossing over/passing over", "*yardēn*": "Jordan/Jordan River", "*rištāh*": "possess it/inherit it/take ownership of it", "*taʾărîkun*": "prolong/extend/lengthen", "*yāmîm*": "days/time", "*hiššāmēd tiššāmēdûn*": "be utterly destroyed/be completely annihilated" } }
• Deut 30:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.30.19", "source": "הַעִידֹ֨תִי בָכֶ֣ם הַיּוֹם֮ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָרֶץ֒ הַחַיִּ֤ים וְהַמָּ֙וֶת֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לְפָנֶ֔יךָ הַבְּרָכָ֖ה וְהַקְּלָלָ֑ה וּבָֽחַרְתָּ֙ בַּֽחַיִּ֔ים לְמַ֥עַן תִּחְיֶ֖ה אַתָּ֥ה וְזַרְעֶֽךָ", "text": "*haʿîdōtî* against you today *ʾet*-the *šāmayim* and *ʾet*-the *ʾāreṣ*; the *ḥayyîm* and the *māwet* *nātattî* before you, the *bərākāh* and the *qəlālāh*; and *ûbāḥartā* in the *ḥayyîm*, so that *ləmaʿan tiḥyeh* you and your *zarʿekā*", "grammar": { "*haʿîdōtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I have called to witness", "*šāmayim*": "masculine dual noun with definite article - the heavens", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth/land", "*ḥayyîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the life", "*māwet*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the death", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have set/placed", "*bərākāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the blessing", "*qəlālāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the curse", "*ûbāḥartā*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and choose", "*ləmaʿan tiḥyeh*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - so that you may live", "*zarʿekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your seed/offspring" }, "variants": { "*haʿîdōtî*": "call to witness/testify against/invoke as witness", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*ḥayyîm*": "life/living", "*māwet*": "death/dying", "*nātattî*": "set/place/put before", "*bərākāh*": "blessing/benediction", "*qəlālāh*": "curse/cursing", "*ûbāḥartā*": "choose/select/elect", "*tiḥyeh*": "live/be alive/have life", "*zarʿekā*": "your seed/offspring/descendants" } }
• Mic 6:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Micah.6.1", "source": "שִׁמְעוּ־נָ֕א אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֖ה אֹמֵ֑ר ק֚וּם רִ֣יב אֶת־הֶהָרִ֔ים וְתִשְׁמַ֥עְנָה הַגְּבָע֖וֹת קוֹלֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*šimʿû*-*nāʾ* *ʾēt* *ʾăšer*-*YHWH* *ʾōmēr* *qûm* *rîb* *ʾet*-*hehārîm* *wə-tišmaʿnâ* *haggebāʿôt* *qôlekā*", "grammar": { "*šimʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/what", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾōmēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - saying/speaks", "*qûm*": "imperative, masculine singular - arise/stand", "*rîb*": "imperative or noun - contend/dispute", "*ʾet*": "preposition with - with/against", "*hehārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the mountains", "*wə-tišmaʿnâ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, feminine plural - and they will hear", "*haggebāʿôt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the hills", "*qôlekā*": "noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your voice" }, "variants": { "*šimʿû*": "hear/listen/obey", "*nāʾ*": "particle expressing entreaty/request", "*rîb*": "contend/plead/dispute/lawsuit", "*qûm*": "arise/stand up/begin" } } 2 { "verseID": "Micah.6.2", "source": "שִׁמְע֤וּ הָרִים֙ אֶת־רִ֣יב יְהוָ֔ה וְהָאֵתָנִ֖ים מֹ֣סְדֵי אָ֑רֶץ כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽיהוָה֙ עִם־עַמּ֔וֹ וְעִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִתְוַכָּֽח׃", "text": "*šimʿû* *hārîm* *ʾet*-*rîb* *YHWH* *wə-hāʾētānîm* *mōsədê* *ʾāreṣ* *kî* *rîb* *la-YHWH* *ʿim*-*ʿammô* *wə-ʿim*-*yiśrāʾēl* *yitwakkāḥ*", "grammar": { "*šimʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*hārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the mountains", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dispute/contention of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*wə-hāʾētānîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine plural - and the enduring/ancient ones", "*mōsədê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - foundations of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular - dispute/contention", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - to/for YHWH", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*ʿammô*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people", "*wə-ʿim*": "conjunction + preposition - and with", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yitwakkāḥ*": "hitpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will argue/reason" }, "variants": { "*rîb*": "dispute/contention/lawsuit/legal case", "*hāʾētānîm*": "enduring ones/ancient ones/mighty ones/foundations", "*yitwakkāḥ*": "argue/reason/reprove/dispute" } }
• Ps 50:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.50.4", "source": "יִקְרָ֣א אֶל־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם מֵעָ֑ל וְאֶל־הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ לָדִ֥ין עַמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Yiqra* to-the-*shamayim* from-*ma'al* and-to-the-*arets* to-*din* *ammo*", "grammar": { "*Yiqra*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will call", "*shamayim*": "noun, masculine, plural - heavens", "*ma'al*": "preposition - above", "*arets*": "noun, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*din*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct - to judge", "*ammo*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people" }, "variants": { "*din*": "judge/bring judgment upon/execute justice for" } }
• Isa 5:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.1", "source": "אָשִׁ֤ירָה נָּא֙ לִֽידִידִ֔י שִׁירַ֥ת דּוֹדִ֖י לְכַרְמ֑וֹ כֶּ֛רֶם הָיָ֥ה לִֽידִידִ֖י בְּקֶ֥רֶן בֶּן־שָֽׁמֶן׃", "text": "I will *ʾāšîrâ* *nāʾ* for my *yədîdî* a *šîrat* of my *dôdî* for his *kerem*; a *kerem* *hāyâ* for my *yədîdî* in a *qeren ben-šāmen*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāšîrâ*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular with cohortative - I will sing", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*yədîdî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular possessive suffix - my beloved", "*šîrat*": "feminine singular construct - song of", "*dôdî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular possessive suffix - my beloved/my love", "*kerem*": "masculine singular noun - vineyard", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - was/existed", "*qeren*": "construct state - horn/hill", "*ben-šāmen*": "construct phrase - son of fatness/fertility" }, "variants": { "*yədîdî*": "beloved/dear one/friend", "*dôdî*": "beloved/love/uncle", "*qeren*": "horn/hill/power", "*ben-šāmen*": "fertile hill/rich soil/son of oil" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.2", "source": "וַֽיְעַזְּקֵ֣הוּ וַֽיְסַקְּלֵ֗הוּ וַיִּטָּעֵ֙הוּ֙ שֹׂרֵ֔ק וַיִּ֤בֶן מִגְדָּל֙ בְּתוֹכ֔וֹ וְגַם־יֶ֖קֶב חָצֵ֣ב בּ֑וֹ וַיְקַ֛ו לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת עֲנָבִ֖ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ בְּאֻשִֽׁים׃", "text": "And *wə*-he *yaʿazzəqēhû* and *wə*-he *yəsaqqəlēhû* and he *yiṭṭāʿēhû* *śōrēq* and he *yiben* a *migdāl* in *bətôkô* and *wə*-also a *yeqeb* he *ḥāṣēb* in it; and he *yəqaw* for it to *laʿăśôt* *ʿănābîm* but it *yaʿaś* *bəʾušîm*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yaʿazzəqēhû*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he dug it up", "*yəsaqqəlēhû*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he cleared it of stones", "*yiṭṭāʿēhû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he planted it", "*śōrēq*": "masculine singular noun - choice vine/red grapes", "*yiben*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he built", "*migdāl*": "masculine singular noun - tower", "*bətôkô*": "preposition with masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in its midst", "*yeqeb*": "masculine singular noun - wine vat", "*ḥāṣēb*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he hewed/carved out", "*yəqaw*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he expected/waited", "*laʿăśôt*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to produce/make", "*ʿănābîm*": "masculine plural noun - grapes", "*yaʿaś*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it produced", "*bəʾušîm*": "masculine plural noun - wild/sour grapes" }, "variants": { "*yaʿazzəqēhû*": "dug it up/hoed it/tilled it", "*śōrēq*": "choice vine/red grapes/best variety", "*bəʾušîm*": "wild grapes/stinking things/worthless fruit" } }
• Isa 30:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.30.1", "source": "הוֹי בָּנִים סוֹרְרִים נְאֻם־יְהוָה לַעֲשׂוֹת עֵצָה וְלֹא מִנִּי וְלִנְסֹךְ מַסֵּכָה וְלֹא רוּחִי לְמַעַן סְפוֹת חַטָּאת עַל־חַטָּאת׃", "text": "*Hōy* *bānîm* *sōrerîm* *neʾum*-*Yhwh* to do *ʿēṣâ* and not from me, and to pour out *massēkâ* and not [of] my *rûaḥ*, for the sake of adding *ḥaṭṭāʾt* upon *ḥaṭṭāʾt*.", "grammar": { "*Hōy*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*bānîm*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children", "*sōrerîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - rebellious/stubborn ones", "*neʾum*": "construct noun - utterance/declaration of", "*Yhwh*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʿēṣâ*": "feminine singular noun - counsel/plan/advice", "*massēkâ*": "feminine singular noun - molten image/libation", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my spirit/breath", "*ḥaṭṭāʾt*": "feminine singular noun - sin/offense" }, "variants": { "*Hōy*": "woe/alas/ah", "*bānîm*": "sons/children/descendants", "*sōrerîm*": "rebellious/stubborn/defiant", "*neʾum*": "utterance/declaration/oracle", "*ʿēṣâ*": "counsel/plan/advice/design", "*massēkâ*": "molten image/cast idol/libation", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/wind", "*ḥaṭṭāʾt*": "sin/offense/punishment for sin" } }
• Isa 30:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.30.9", "source": "כִּי עַם מְרִי הוּא בָּנִים כֶּחָשִׁים בָּנִים לֹא־אָבוּ שְׁמוֹעַ תּוֹרַת יְהוָה׃", "text": "For a people of *merî* *hûʾ*, *bānîm* *keḥāšîm*, *bānîm* not *ʾābû* to hear [the] *tôrat* *Yhwh*.", "grammar": { "*merî*": "masculine singular noun - rebellion/stubbornness", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he/it", "*bānîm*": "masculine plural noun - sons/children", "*keḥāšîm*": "piel participle masculine plural - lying/deceiving", "*ʾābû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they were willing", "*tôrat*": "feminine singular construct - instruction/law of", "*Yhwh*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*merî*": "rebellion/stubbornness/defiance", "*hûʾ*": "he/it (emphatic)", "*bānîm*": "sons/children/descendants", "*keḥāšîm*": "lying/deceiving/denying", "*ʾābû*": "they were willing/desired/consented", "*tôrat*": "instruction/law/teaching of", "*Yhwh*": "LORD/Yahweh (divine name)" } }
• Isa 46:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.46.3", "source": "שִׁמְע֤וּ אֵלַי֙ בֵּ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְכָל־שְׁאֵרִ֖ית בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הַֽעֲמֻסִים֙ מִנִּי־בֶ֔טֶן הַנְּשֻׂאִ֖ים מִנִּי־רָֽחַם׃", "text": "*šimʿû* to-me *bêt Yaʿăqōb* wə-all-*šəʾērît bêt Yiśrāʾēl*, the-*ʿămûsîm* from-*beṭen*, the-*nəśûʾîm* from-*rāḥam*.", "grammar": { "*šimʿû*": "imperative, 2nd masculine plural - listen/hear", "*bêt*": "construct noun, masculine, singular - house of", "*Yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*šəʾērît*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - remnant of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿămûsîm*": "passive participle, masculine, plural - carried/borne/loaded", "*beṭen*": "noun, feminine, singular - womb/belly", "*nəśûʾîm*": "passive participle, masculine, plural - carried/borne", "*rāḥam*": "noun, masculine, singular - womb" }, "variants": { "*šimʿû*": "hear/listen/obey", "*šəʾērît*": "remnant/remainder/rest", "*ʿămûsîm*": "carried/borne/loaded/burdened", "*beṭen*": "womb/belly/abdomen", "*nəśûʾîm*": "carried/borne/lifted", "*rāḥam*": "womb/compassion" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.46.4", "source": "וְעַד־זִקְנָה֙ אֲנִ֣י ה֔וּא וְעַד־שֵ‪[c]‬יבָ֖ה אֲנִ֣י אֶסְבֹּ֑ל אֲנִ֤י עָשִׂ֙יתִי֙ וַאֲנִ֣י אֶשָּׂ֔א וַאֲנִ֥י אֶסְבֹּ֖ל וַאֲמַלֵּֽט׃", "text": "wə-until-*ziqnâ ʾănî hûʾ* wə-until-*śêbâ ʾănî ʾesbōl*; *ʾănî ʿāśîtî* wa-*ʾănî ʾeśśāʾ* wa-*ʾănî ʾesbōl* wa-*ʾămallēṭ*.", "grammar": { "*ziqnâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - old age", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st singular - I", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he/it", "*śêbâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - grey hair/old age", "*ʾesbōl*": "imperfect, 1st singular - I will carry/bear", "*ʿāśîtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I have made/done", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "imperfect, 1st singular - I will carry/bear/lift", "*ʾămallēṭ*": "imperfect, 1st singular, piel - I will deliver/rescue" }, "variants": { "*ziqnâ*": "old age/advanced years", "*śêbâ*": "grey hair/hoary head/old age", "*ʾesbōl*": "carry/bear/endure", "*ʿāśîtî*": "made/done/fashioned/created", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "carry/bear/lift up/endure", "*ʾămallēṭ*": "deliver/rescue/save/cause to escape" } }
• Isa 63:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.63.9", "source": "בְּֽכָל־צָרָתָ֣ם ׀ *לא **ל֣וֹ צָ֗ר וּמַלְאַ֤ךְ פָּנָיו֙ הֽוֹשִׁיעָ֔ם בְּאַהֲבָת֥וֹ וּבְחֶמְלָת֖וֹ ה֣וּא גְאָלָ֑ם וַֽיְנַטְּלֵ֥ם וַֽיְנַשְּׂאֵ֖ם כָּל־יְמֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "In all their *ṣārātām* [*lōʾ*/*lô*] *ṣār* and *malʾaḵ* of his *pānāyw* *hôšîʿām*, in his *ʾahăbātô* and in his *ḥemlātô* *hûʾ* *gĕʾālām*; and he *wayĕnaṭṭĕlēm* and he *wayĕnaśśĕʾēm* all *yĕmê* *ʿôlām*.", "grammar": { "*bĕḵāl*": "preposition bet + noun, masculine singular construct - in all", "*ṣārātām*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their distresses", "*lōʾ/lô*": "negative particle/preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - not/to him", "*ṣār*": "adjective, masculine singular - distress/adversary", "*ûmalʾaḵ*": "conjunction waw + noun, masculine singular construct - and messenger/angel of", "*pānāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence", "*hôšîʿām*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - saved them", "*bĕʾahăbātô*": "preposition bet + noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his love", "*ûbĕḥemlātô*": "conjunction waw + preposition bet + noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and in his compassion", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*gĕʾālām*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - redeemed them", "*wayĕnaṭṭĕlēm*": "conjunction waw + Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and he lifted them", "*wayĕnaśśĕʾēm*": "conjunction waw + Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and he carried them", "*kāl-yĕmê*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine plural construct - all days of", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - eternity/forever" }, "variants": { "*ṣārātām*": "their distresses/their troubles/their afflictions", "*lōʾ/lô*": "Text shows both readings: *lōʾ* (written) = 'not' / *lô* (read) = 'to him'", "*ṣār*": "distress/adversary/enemy/narrow", "*malʾaḵ*": "messenger/angel/representative", "*pānāyw*": "his face/his presence/his person", "*hôšîʿām*": "saved them/delivered them/rescued them", "*ʾahăbātô*": "his love/his affection", "*ḥemlātô*": "his compassion/his pity/his mercy", "*gĕʾālām*": "redeemed them/rescued them/acted as kinsman for them", "*yĕnaṭṭĕlēm*": "lifted them/raised them/carried them", "*yĕnaśśĕʾēm*": "carried them/bore them/supported them", "*ʿôlām*": "eternity/forever/ancient time" } } 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.63.10", "source": "וְהֵ֛מָּה מָר֥וּ וְעִצְּב֖וּ אֶת־ר֣וּחַ קָדְשׁ֑וֹ וַיֵּהָפֵ֥ךְ לָהֶ֛ם לְאוֹיֵ֖ב ה֥וּא נִלְחַם־בָּֽם׃", "text": "And *hēmmāh* *mārû* and *ʿiṣṣĕbû* *ʾet-rûaḥ* his *qodeš*; and he *wayyēhāpēḵ* for them to *ʾôyēb*, *hûʾ* *nilḥam* against them.", "grammar": { "*wĕhēmmāh*": "conjunction waw + 3rd person masculine plural pronoun - and they", "*mārû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - rebelled", "*wĕʿiṣṣĕbû*": "conjunction waw + Piel perfect, 3rd person common plural - and grieved", "*ʾet-rûaḥ*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - the spirit of", "*qodšô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his holiness", "*wayyēhāpēḵ*": "conjunction waw + Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he was turned", "*lāhem*": "preposition lamed with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - for them", "*lĕʾôyēb*": "preposition lamed + Qal participle, masculine singular - to an enemy", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*nilḥam-bām*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular + preposition bet with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - fought against them" }, "variants": { "*mārû*": "rebelled/were disobedient/were defiant", "*ʿiṣṣĕbû*": "grieved/pained/hurt/made sad", "*rûaḥ qodšô*": "his holy spirit/his spirit of holiness", "*yēhāpēḵ*": "was turned/was changed/was transformed", "*ʾôyēb*": "enemy/foe/adversary", "*nilḥam*": "fought/waged war" } }
• Isa 65:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.65.2", "source": "פֵּרַ֧שְׂתִּי יָדַ֛י כָּל־הַיּ֖וֹם אֶל־עַ֣ם סוֹרֵ֑ר הַהֹלְכִים֙ הַדֶּ֣רֶךְ לֹא־ט֔וֹב אַחַ֖ר מַחְשְׁבֹתֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*peraśti* *yaday* all-the-*yom* to-*ʿam* *sorer* the-*holkhim* the-*derekh* not-*tov* after *mahshevoteyhem*", "grammar": { "*peraśti*": "Piel perfect, 1st person singular - I have spread out", "*yaday*": "noun dual with 1st person singular suffix - my hands", "*yom*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*sorer*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - rebellious/stubborn", "*holkhim*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - walking/going", "*derekh*": "feminine singular noun - way/path/road", "*tov*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*mahshevoteyhem*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their thoughts/plans" }, "variants": { "*peraśti*": "I spread out/stretched out/extended", "*yaday*": "my hands/my power", "*yom*": "day/time/period", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/folk", "*sorer*": "rebellious/stubborn/disobedient", "*holkhim*": "walking/going/proceeding", "*derekh*": "way/path/road/journey", "*tov*": "good/pleasant/agreeable", "*mahshevoteyhem*": "their thoughts/plans/devices/imaginations" } }
• Jer 2:5-9 : 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.5", "source": "כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה מַה־מָּצְא֨וּ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֥ם בִּי֙ עָ֔וֶל כִּ֥י רָחֲק֖וּ מֵעָלָ֑י וַיֵּֽלְכ֛וּ אַחֲרֵ֥י הַהֶ֖בֶל וַיֶּהְבָּֽלוּ׃", "text": "*Kōh* *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *mah*-*māṣəʾû* *ʾăbôtêkem* *bî* *ʿāwel* *kî* *rāḥăqû* *mēʿālāy* *wa-yēləkû* *ʾaḥărê* *ha-hebel* *wa-yehbālû*", "grammar": { "*Kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*mah*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*māṣəʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they found", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*bî*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - in me", "*ʿāwel*": "noun, masculine singular - injustice/wrong", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*rāḥăqû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they went far", "*mēʿālāy*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - from upon me/from me", "*wa-yēləkû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they went", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*ha-hebel*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the vanity/emptiness", "*wa-yehbālû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they became vain/empty" }, "variants": { "*māṣəʾû*": "found/discovered/encountered", "*ʿāwel*": "injustice/wrong/iniquity/unrighteousness", "*rāḥăqû*": "went far/became distant/departed", "*hebel*": "vanity/emptiness/futility/breath/worthlessness", "*yehbālû*": "became vain/became empty/became nothing/were made foolish" } } 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.6", "source": "וְלֹ֣א אָמְר֔וּ אַיֵּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה הַמַּעֲלֶ֥ה אֹתָ֖נוּ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם הַמּוֹלִ֨יךְ אֹתָ֜נוּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר בְּאֶ֨רֶץ עֲרָבָ֤ה וְשׁוּחָה֙ בְּאֶ֙רֶץ֙ צִיָּ֣ה וְצַלְמָ֔וֶת בְּאֶ֗רֶץ לֹֽא־עָ֤בַר בָּהּ֙ אִ֔ישׁ וְלֹֽא־יָשַׁ֥ב אָדָ֖ם שָֽׁם׃", "text": "*Wə-lōʾ* *ʾāmərû* *ʾayyēh* *YHWH* *ha-maʿăleh* *ʾōtānû* *mē-ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim* *ha-môlîk* *ʾōtānû* *ba-midbār* *bə-ʾereṣ* *ʿărābāh* *wə-šûḥāh* *bə-ʾereṣ* *ṣiyyāh* *wə-ṣalmāwet* *bə-ʾereṣ* *lōʾ*-*ʿābar* *bāh* *ʾîš* *wə-lōʾ*-*yāšab* *ʾādām* *šām*", "grammar": { "*Wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ʾāmərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they said", "*ʾayyēh*": "interrogative adverb - where", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*ha-maʿăleh*": "definite article + hiphil participle, masculine singular - the one bringing up", "*ʾōtānû*": "direct object marker + 1st common plural suffix - us", "*mē-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from land of", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ha-môlîk*": "definite article + hiphil participle, masculine singular - the one leading", "*ʾōtānû*": "direct object marker + 1st common plural suffix - us", "*ba-midbār*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness", "*bə-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in land of", "*ʿărābāh*": "noun, feminine singular - desert plain/wilderness", "*wə-šûḥāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and pit", "*bə-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in land of", "*ṣiyyāh*": "noun, feminine singular - drought/dryness", "*wə-ṣalmāwet*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and deep darkness", "*bə-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - in a land", "*lōʾ*-*ʿābar*": "negative particle + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - not passed through", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*wə-lōʾ*-*yāšab*": "conjunction + negative particle + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and not dwelt", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - mankind/person", "*šām*": "adverb - there" }, "variants": { "*maʿăleh*": "bringing up/causing to ascend/bringing out", "*môlîk*": "leading/guiding/causing to walk", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*ʿărābāh*": "desert plain/wilderness/steppe", "*šûḥāh*": "pit/ditch/grave", "*ṣiyyāh*": "drought/dryness/parched land", "*ṣalmāwet*": "deep darkness/shadow of death/deep gloom" } } 7 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.7", "source": "וָאָבִ֤יא אֶתְכֶם֙ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַכַּרְמֶ֔ל לֶאֱכֹ֥ל פִּרְיָ֖הּ וְטוּבָ֑הּ וַתָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ וַתְּטַמְּא֣וּ אֶת־אַרְצִ֔י וְנַחֲלָתִ֥י שַׂמְתֶּ֖ם לְתוֹעֵבָֽה׃", "text": "*Wā-ʾābîʾ* *ʾetkem* *ʾel*-*ʾereṣ* *ha-karmel* *le-ʾĕkōl* *piryāh* *wə-ṭûbāh* *wa-tābōʾû* *wa-təṭamməʾû* *ʾet*-*ʾarṣî* *wə-naḥălātî* *śamtem* *lə-tôʿēbāh*", "grammar": { "*Wā-ʾābîʾ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - and I brought", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*ʾel*-*ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - to land of", "*ha-karmel*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the fruitful land/garden land", "*le-ʾĕkōl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to eat", "*piryāh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its fruit", "*wə-ṭûbāh*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its goodness", "*wa-tābōʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you came", "*wa-təṭamməʾû*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you defiled", "*ʾet*-*ʾarṣî*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my land", "*wə-naḥălātî*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - and my inheritance/possession", "*śamtem*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you made", "*lə-tôʿēbāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - into an abomination" }, "variants": { "*ʾābîʾ*": "brought/led/caused to enter", "*karmel*": "fruitful land/garden land/orchard/plantation", "*piryāh*": "its fruit/its produce", "*ṭûbāh*": "its goodness/its bounty/its best things", "*təṭamməʾû*": "defiled/made unclean/polluted", "*naḥălātî*": "my inheritance/my possession/my portion", "*tôʿēbāh*": "abomination/detestable thing/abhorrent thing" } } 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.8", "source": "הַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים לֹ֤א אָֽמְרוּ֙ אַיֵּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה וְתֹפְשֵׂ֤י הַתּוֹרָה֙ לֹ֣א יְדָע֔וּנִי וְהָרֹעִ֖ים פָּ֣שְׁעוּ בִ֑י וְהַנְּבִיאִים֙ נִבְּא֣וּ בַבַּ֔עַל וְאַחֲרֵ֥י לֹֽא־יוֹעִ֖לוּ הָלָֽכוּ׃", "text": "*Ha-kōhănîm* *lōʾ* *ʾāmərû* *ʾayyēh* *YHWH* *wə-tōpśê* *ha-tôrāh* *lōʾ* *yədāʿûnî* *wə-hā-rōʿîm* *pāšəʿû* *bî* *wə-ha-nəbîʾîm* *nibbəʾû* *ba-Baʿal* *wə-ʾaḥărê* *lōʾ*-*yôʿîlû* *hālākû*", "grammar": { "*Ha-kōhănîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the priests", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾāmərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they said", "*ʾayyēh*": "interrogative adverb - where", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*wə-tōpśê*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine plural construct - and handlers of", "*ha-tôrāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the law/instruction", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yədāʿûnî*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural + 1st singular suffix - they knew me", "*wə-hā-rōʿîm*": "conjunction + definite article + qal participle, masculine plural - and the shepherds", "*pāšəʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they rebelled", "*bî*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - against me", "*wə-ha-nəbîʾîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine plural - and the prophets", "*nibbəʾû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they prophesied", "*ba-Baʿal*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - by Baal", "*wə-ʾaḥărê*": "conjunction + preposition - and after", "*lōʾ*-*yôʿîlû*": "negative particle + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they do not profit", "*hālākû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they walked" }, "variants": { "*tōpśê*": "handlers of/those who grasp/those who hold", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching/direction", "*yədāʿûnî*": "they knew me/they recognized me/they acknowledged me", "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/pastors/rulers", "*pāšəʿû*": "rebelled/transgressed/revolted", "*nibbəʾû*": "prophesied/spoke as prophets", "*yôʿîlû*": "profit/benefit/help" } } 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.9", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן עֹ֛ד אָרִ֥יב אִתְּכֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְאֶת־בְּנֵ֥י בְנֵיכֶ֖ם אָרִֽיב׃", "text": "*Lākēn* *ʿōd* *ʾārîb* *ʾittəkem* *nəʾum*-*YHWH* *wə-ʾet*-*bənê* *bənêkem* *ʾārîb*", "grammar": { "*Lākēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*ʿōd*": "adverb - still/yet/again", "*ʾārîb*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will contend/dispute", "*ʾittəkem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - with you", "*nəʾum*-*YHWH*": "construct chain - declaration of YHWH", "*wə-ʾet*-*bənê*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct - and with sons of", "*bənêkem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your sons", "*ʾārîb*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will contend/dispute" }, "variants": { "*lākēn*": "therefore/thus/consequently", "*ʿōd*": "still/yet/again/continuously", "*ʾārîb*": "I will contend/I will dispute/I will bring charges against", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of/descendants of" } } 10 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.10", "source": "כִּ֣י עִבְר֞וּ אִיֵּ֤י כִתִּיִּים֙ וּרְא֔וּ וְקֵדָ֛ר שִׁלְח֥וּ וְהִֽתְבּוֹנְנ֖וּ מְאֹ֑ד וּרְא֕וּ הֵ֥ן הָיְתָ֖ה כָּזֹֽאת׃", "text": "*Kî* *ʿibrû* *ʾiyyê* *Kittiyyîm* *û-rəʾû* *wə-Qēdār* *šilḥû* *wə-hitbônənû* *məʾōd* *û-rəʾû* *hēn* *hāytāh* *kāzōʾt*", "grammar": { "*Kî*": "conjunction - for", "*ʿibrû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - cross over", "*ʾiyyê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - coastlands of", "*Kittiyyîm*": "proper noun - Kittim/Cyprus", "*û-rəʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and see", "*wə-Qēdār*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Kedar", "*šilḥû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - send", "*wə-hitbônənû*": "conjunction + hithpael imperative, masculine plural - and consider diligently", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*û-rəʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and see", "*hēn*": "interjection - behold/whether", "*hāytāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has been", "*kāzōʾt*": "preposition + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - like this" }, "variants": { "*ʿibrû*": "cross over/pass through/travel to", "*ʾiyyê*": "coastlands/islands/coastal regions", "*šilḥû*": "send/dispatch", "*hitbônənû*": "consider diligently/observe carefully/pay close attention", "*məʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly", "*hēn*": "behold/look/whether" } } 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.11", "source": "הַהֵימִ֥יר גּוֹי֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים וְהֵ֖מָּה לֹ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים וְעַמִּ֛י הֵמִ֥יר כְּבוֹד֖וֹ בְּל֥וֹא יוֹעִֽיל׃", "text": "*Ha-hêmîr* *gôy* *ʾĕlōhîm* *wə-hēmmāh* *lōʾ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *wə-ʿammî* *hēmîr* *kəbôdô* *bəlôʾ* *yôʿîl*", "grammar": { "*Ha-hêmîr*": "interrogative particle + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has exchanged", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*wə-hēmmāh*": "conjunction + pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - and they", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*wə-ʿammî*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - and my people", "*hēmîr*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has exchanged", "*kəbôdô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his glory/honor", "*bəlôʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - for no", "*yôʿîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - profit" }, "variants": { "*hêmîr*": "exchanged/substituted/changed", "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "gods/God/divine beings", "*kəbôdô*": "his glory/his honor/his majestic presence", "*yôʿîl*": "profit/benefit/help/avail" } } 12 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.12", "source": "שֹׁ֥מּוּ שָׁמַ֖יִם עַל־זֹ֑את וְשַׂעֲר֛וּ חָרְב֥וּ מְאֹ֖ד נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Šōmmû* *šāmayim* *ʿal*-*zōʾt* *wə-śaʿărû* *ḥorbû* *məʾōd* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Šōmmû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - be appalled", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens", "*ʿal*-*zōʾt*": "preposition + feminine demonstrative pronoun - at this", "*wə-śaʿărû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and be horrified", "*ḥorbû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - be utterly desolate", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*nəʾum*-*YHWH*": "construct chain - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*šōmmû*": "be appalled/be astonished/be desolate", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*śaʿărû*": "be horrified/shudder/be shocked", "*ḥorbû*": "be utterly desolate/be laid waste/be dried up", "*məʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle" } } 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.13", "source": "כִּֽי־שְׁתַּ֥יִם רָע֖וֹת עָשָׂ֣ה עַמִּ֑י אֹתִ֨י עָזְב֜וּ מְק֣וֹר ׀ מַ֣יִם חַיִּ֗ים לַחְצֹ֤ב לָהֶם֙ בֹּאר֔וֹת בֹּארֹת֙ נִשְׁבָּרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָכִ֖לוּ הַמָּֽיִם׃", "text": "*Kî*-*štayim* *rāʿôt* *ʿāśāh* *ʿammî* *ʾōtî* *ʿāzəbû* *məqôr* *mayim* *ḥayyîm* *laḥṣōb* *lāhem* *bōʾrôt* *bōʾrōt* *nišbārîm* *ʾăšer* *lōʾ*-*yākîlû* *ha-māyim*", "grammar": { "*Kî*-*štayim*": "conjunction + cardinal number, feminine dual - for two", "*rāʿôt*": "noun, feminine plural - evils", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did/made", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my people", "*ʾōtî*": "direct object marker + 1st singular suffix - me", "*ʿāzəbû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they forsook", "*məqôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fountain of", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - water", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - living", "*laḥṣōb*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to hew out", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves", "*bōʾrôt*": "noun, feminine plural - cisterns", "*bōʾrōt*": "noun, feminine plural - cisterns", "*nišbārîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - broken", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*lōʾ*-*yākîlû*": "negative particle + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - cannot contain", "*ha-māyim*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the water" }, "variants": { "*rāʿôt*": "evils/bad things/calamities", "*ʿāśāh*": "did/made/performed/accomplished", "*ʿāzəbû*": "forsook/abandoned/left", "*məqôr*": "fountain/spring/source", "*ḥayyîm*": "living/alive/fresh", "*laḥṣōb*": "to hew out/to dig/to cut", "*bōʾrôt*": "cisterns/wells/pits", "*nišbārîm*": "broken/cracked/shattered", "*yākîlû*": "contain/hold/retain" } }
• Jer 6:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.6.19", "source": "שִׁמְעִ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י מֵבִ֥יא רָעָ֛ה אֶל־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה פְּרִ֣י מַחְשְׁבוֹתָ֑ם כִּ֤י עַל־דְּבָרַי֙ לֹ֣א הִקְשִׁ֔יבוּ וְתוֹרָתִ֖י וַיִּמְאֲסוּ־בָֽהּ׃", "text": "*šimʿî* the-*ʾāreṣ* behold *ʾānōḵî* *mēbîʾ* *rāʿāh* to-the-*ʿām* the-this *pərî* *maḥšəbôtām* for upon-my-*dəbārî* not they-*hiqšîbû* and-my-*tôrātî* and-they-*wayyimʾăsû*-in-it.", "grammar": { "*šimʿî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - hear/listen", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*ʾānōḵî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*mēbîʾ*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - bringing", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/calamity", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*pərî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fruit of", "*maḥšəbôtām*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their thoughts/plans", "*dəbārî*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my words", "*hiqšîbû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they paid attention/listened", "*tôrātî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my law/instruction", "*wayyimʾăsû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - they rejected" }, "variants": { "*rāʿāh*": "evil/calamity/disaster/misfortune", "*pərî*": "fruit/result/outcome", "*maḥšəbôtām*": "their thoughts/plans/devices", "*tôrātî*": "my law/instruction/teaching" } }
• Jer 13:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.13.15", "source": "שִׁמְע֥וּ וְהַאֲזִ֖ינוּ אַל־תִּגְבָּ֑הוּ כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃", "text": "*Shimʿû wehāʾăzînû*, not *tigebāhû*, for *YHWH dibbēr*.", "grammar": { "*shimʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*wehāʾăzînû*": "conjunction with hiphil imperative, masculine plural - and give ear", "*ʾal*": "negative particle (with imperative) - do not", "*tigebāhû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - be proud/be haughty", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*dibbēr*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has spoken" }, "variants": { "*hāʾăzînû*": "give ear/pay attention/listen", "*tigebāhû*": "be proud/be haughty/be lifted up" } }
• Jer 22:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.22.29", "source": "׃22 29 אֶ֥רֶץ אֶ֖רֶץ אָ֑רֶץ שִׁמְעִ֖י דְּבַר־יְהוָֽה׃ ס", "text": "*ʾEreṣ* *ʾereṣ* *ʾāreṣ*, *šimʿî* *dᵉbar-YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*ʾereṣ ʾereṣ ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular (repeated three times) - land, land, land", "*šimʿî*": "imperative, feminine singular, qal - hear", "*dᵉbar-YHWH*": "noun, masculine singular construct + divine name - word of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/ground", "*šimʿî*": "hear/listen/obey", "*dᵉbar*": "word/matter/saying" } }
• Jer 31:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.31.9", "source": "בִּבְכִ֣י יָבֹ֗אוּ וּֽבְתַחֲנוּנִים֮ אֽוֹבִילֵם֒ אֽוֹלִיכֵם֙ אֶל־נַ֣חֲלֵי מַ֔יִם בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ יָשָׁ֔ר לֹ֥א יִכָּשְׁל֖וּ בָּ֑הּ כִּֽי־הָיִ֤יתִי לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְאָ֔ב וְאֶפְרַ֖יִם בְּכֹ֥רִי הֽוּא׃ ס", "text": "With *bəkî* *yābōʾû* and with *taḥănûnîm* *ʾôbîlēm*; *ʾôlîkēm* unto-*naḥălê* *mayim*, in *derek* *yāšār* not *yikkāšəlû* on it; for-*hāyîtî* to *Yiśrāʾēl* for *ʾāb*, and *ʾEprayim* *bəkōrî* he.", "grammar": { "*bəkî*": "noun, masculine singular - weeping", "*yābōʾû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will come", "*taḥănûnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - supplications/entreaties", "*ʾôbîlēm*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I will lead them", "*ʾôlîkēm*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I will cause them to walk", "*naḥălê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - streams/rivers", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - water", "*derek*": "noun, masculine singular - way/path", "*yāšār*": "adjective, masculine singular - straight/right", "*yikkāšəlû*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will stumble", "*hāyîtî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have been/become", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾāb*": "noun, masculine singular - father", "*ʾEprayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*bəkōrî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my firstborn" }, "variants": { "*bəkî*": "weeping/crying", "*yābōʾû*": "they will come/arrive/enter", "*taḥănûnîm*": "supplications/entreaties/pleas for mercy", "*ʾôbîlēm*": "I will lead them/bring them/guide them", "*ʾôlîkēm*": "I will cause them to walk/lead them/guide them", "*naḥălê*": "streams/rivers/brooks", "*derek*": "way/path/road/journey", "*yāšār*": "straight/level/right/upright", "*yikkāšəlû*": "they will stumble/totter/stagger", "*hāyîtî*": "I have been/become/existed as", "*ʾāb*": "father/ancestor/originator", "*bəkōrî*": "my firstborn/my chief son" } }
• Ezek 16:6-9 : 6 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.6", "source": "וָאֶעֱבֹ֤ר עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ וָֽאֶרְאֵ֔ךְ מִתְבּוֹסֶ֖סֶת בְּדָמָ֑יִךְ וָאֹ֤מַר לָךְ֙ בְּדָמַ֣יִךְ חֲיִ֔י וָאֹ֥מַר לָ֖ךְ בְּדָמַ֥יִךְ חֲיִֽי׃", "text": "*wā-ʾeʿĕḇōr* *ʿālayiḵ* *wā-ʾerʾēḵ* *mitbôseset* *bə-dāmāyiḵ* *wā-ʾōmar* *lāḵ* *bə-dāmayiḵ* *ḥăyî* *wā-ʾōmar* *lāḵ* *bə-dāmayiḵ* *ḥăyî*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾeʿĕḇōr*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I passed", "*ʿālayiḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - over you", "*wā-ʾerʾēḵ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - and I saw you", "*mitbôseset*": "hithpolel participle, feminine singular - wallowing/weltering", "*bə-dāmāyiḵ*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - in your bloods", "*wā-ʾōmar*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I said", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - to you", "*bə-dāmayiḵ*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - in your bloods", "*ḥăyî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - live" }, "variants": { "*ʾeʿĕḇōr*": "I passed by/over/through", "*mitbôseset*": "wallowing/weltering/kicking about", "*dāmāyiḵ*": "your bloods (plural form possibly indicating abundance)" } } 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.7", "source": "רְבָבָ֗ה כְּצֶ֤מַח הַשָּׂדֶה֙ נְתַתִּ֔יךְ וַתִּרְבִּי֙ וַֽתִּגְדְּלִ֔י וַתָּבֹ֖אִי בַּעֲדִ֣י עֲדָיִ֑ים שָׁדַ֤יִם נָכֹ֙נוּ֙ וּשְׂעָרֵ֣ךְ צִמֵּ֔חַ וְאַ֖תְּ עֵרֹ֥ם וְעֶרְיָֽה׃", "text": "*rəḇāḇâ* *kə-ṣemaḥ* *ha-śśādeh* *nətattîḵ* *wa-tirbî* *wa-tigdəlî* *wa-tāḇōʾî* *ba-ʿădî* *ʿădāyîm* *šādayim* *nāḵōnû* *û-śəʿārēḵ* *ṣimmēaḥ* *wə-ʾatt* *ʿērōm* *wə-ʿeryâ*", "grammar": { "*rəḇāḇâ*": "feminine singular noun - myriad/ten thousand", "*kə-ṣemaḥ*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - like sprout of", "*ha-śśādeh*": "article + masculine singular noun - the field", "*nətattîḵ*": "qal perfect, 1st singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - I made you", "*wa-tirbî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you increased", "*wa-tigdəlî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you grew", "*wa-tāḇōʾî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you came", "*ba-ʿădî*": "preposition + construct state - with ornament of", "*ʿădāyîm*": "masculine plural noun - ornaments", "*šādayim*": "masculine dual noun - breasts", "*nāḵōnû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd plural - were established", "*û-śəʿārēḵ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - and your hair", "*ṣimmēaḥ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - grew abundantly", "*wə-ʾatt*": "conjunction + 2nd feminine singular pronoun - and you", "*ʿērōm*": "masculine singular adjective - naked", "*wə-ʿeryâ*": "conjunction + feminine singular adjective - and bare" }, "variants": { "*rəḇāḇâ*": "ten thousand/myriad/abundance", "*ṣemaḥ*": "sprout/growth/plant", "*nāḵōnû*": "were established/formed/prepared", "*ṣimmēaḥ*": "grew abundantly/sprouted/flourished" } } 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.8", "source": "וָאֶעֱבֹ֨ר עָלַ֜יִךְ וָאֶרְאֵ֗ךְ וְהִנֵּ֤ה עִתֵּךְ֙ עֵ֣ת דֹּדִ֔ים וָאֶפְרֹ֤שׂ כְּנָפִי֙ עָלַ֔יִךְ וָאֲכַסֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתֵ֑ךְ וָאֶשָּׁ֣בַֽע לָ֠ךְ וָאָב֨וֹא בִבְרִ֜ית אֹתָ֗ךְ נְאֻ֛ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה וַתִּ֥הְיִי לִֽי׃", "text": "*wā-ʾeʿĕḇōr* *ʿālayiḵ* *wā-ʾerʾēḵ* *wə-hinnēh* *ʿittēḵ* *ʿēt* *dōdîm* *wā-ʾeprōś* *kənāpî* *ʿālayiḵ* *wā-ʾăḵasseh* *ʿerwātēḵ* *wā-ʾeššāḇaʿ* *lāḵ* *wā-ʾāḇôʾ* *ḇi-ḇrît* *ʾōtāḵ* *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *wa-tihyî* *lî*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾeʿĕḇōr*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I passed", "*ʿālayiḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - over you", "*wā-ʾerʾēḵ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - and I saw you", "*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ʿittēḵ*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your time", "*ʿēt*": "construct state - time of", "*dōdîm*": "masculine plural noun - loves", "*wā-ʾeprōś*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I spread", "*kənāpî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my wing/corner (of garment)", "*ʿālayiḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - over you", "*wā-ʾăḵasseh*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 1st singular - and I covered", "*ʿerwātēḵ*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your nakedness", "*wā-ʾeššāḇaʿ*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect, 1st singular - and I swore", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - to you", "*wā-ʾāḇôʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I entered", "*ḇi-ḇrît*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - in covenant", "*ʾōtāḵ*": "with you (accusative)", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun with 1st person plural suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*wa-tihyî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you became", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - to/for me" }, "variants": { "*dōdîm*": "loves/love-making/time of love", "*kənāpî*": "my wing/corner of my garment (idiom for protection)", "*ʿerwātēḵ*": "your nakedness/genitals/shame", "*ḇrît*": "covenant/agreement/pact" } } 9 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.9", "source": "וָאֶרְחָצֵ֣ךְ בַּמַּ֔יִם וָאֶשְׁטֹ֥ף דָּמַ֖יִךְ מֵֽעָלָ֑יִךְ וָאֲסֻכֵ֖ךְ בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃", "text": "*wā-ʾerḥāṣēḵ* *ba-mmayim* *wā-ʾešṭōp* *dāmayiḵ* *mē-ʿālāyiḵ* *wā-ʾăsuḵēḵ* *ba-ššāmen*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾerḥāṣēḵ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - and I washed you", "*ba-mmayim*": "preposition + article + masculine plural noun - with the water", "*wā-ʾešṭōp*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I rinsed", "*dāmayiḵ*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your bloods", "*mē-ʿālāyiḵ*": "preposition + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - from upon you", "*wā-ʾăsuḵēḵ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - and I anointed you", "*ba-ššāmen*": "preposition + article + masculine singular noun - with the oil" }, "variants": { "*ʾerḥāṣēḵ*": "I washed you/bathed you", "*ʾešṭōp*": "I rinsed/washed away/cleansed", "*ʾăsuḵēḵ*": "I anointed you/rubbed you with oil" } } 10 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.10", "source": "וָאַלְבִּישֵׁ֣ךְ רִקְמָ֔ה וָאֶנְעֲלֵ֖ךְ תָּ֑חַשׁ וָאֶחְבְּשֵׁ֣ךְ בַּשֵּׁ֔שׁ וַאֲכַסֵּ֖ךְ מֶֽשִׁי׃", "text": "*wā-ʾalbîšēḵ* *riqmâ* *wā-ʾenʿălēḵ* *tāḥaš* *wā-ʾeḥbəšēḵ* *ba-ššēš* *wa-ʾăḵassēḵ* *mešî*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾalbîšēḵ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 1st singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - and I clothed you", "*riqmâ*": "feminine singular noun - embroidery", "*wā-ʾenʿălēḵ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - and I shod you", "*tāḥaš*": "masculine singular noun - fine leather/porpoise skin", "*wā-ʾeḥbəšēḵ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - and I wrapped you", "*ba-ššēš*": "preposition + article + masculine singular noun - with the fine linen", "*wa-ʾăḵassēḵ*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 1st singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - and I covered you", "*mešî*": "masculine singular noun - silk" }, "variants": { "*riqmâ*": "embroidery/multicolored garment", "*tāḥaš*": "fine leather/porpoise skin/badger skin/dolphin skin", "*šēš*": "fine linen/byssus", "*mešî*": "silk/fine fabric" } } 11 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.11", "source": "וָאֶעְדֵּ֖ךְ עֶ֑דִי וָאֶתְּנָ֤ה צְמִידִים֙ עַל־יָדַ֔יִךְ וְרָבִ֖יד עַל־גְּרוֹנֵֽךְ׃", "text": "*wā-ʾeʿdēḵ* *ʿedî* *wā-ʾettenâ* *ṣəmîdîm* *ʿal*-*yādayiḵ* *wə-rāḇîd* *ʿal*-*gərônēḵ*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾeʿdēḵ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - and I adorned you", "*ʿedî*": "masculine singular noun - ornament", "*wā-ʾettenâ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st singular cohortative - and I put", "*ṣəmîdîm*": "masculine plural noun - bracelets", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*yādayiḵ*": "feminine dual noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your hands", "*wə-rāḇîd*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and chain/necklace", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*gərônēḵ*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your neck/throat" }, "variants": { "*ʿedî*": "ornament/jewelry/adornment", "*ṣəmîdîm*": "bracelets/armlets", "*rāḇîd*": "chain/necklace/collar" } } 12 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.12", "source": "וָאֶתֵּ֥ן נֶ֙זֶם֙ עַל־אַפֵּ֔ךְ וַעֲגִילִ֖ים עַל־אָזְנָ֑יִךְ וַעֲטֶ֥רֶת תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת בְּרֹאשֵֽׁךְ׃", "text": "*wā-ʾettēn* *nezem* *ʿal*-*ʾappēḵ* *wa-ʿăgîlîm* *ʿal*-*ʾoznāyiḵ* *wa-ʿăṭeret* *tipʾeret* *bə-rōʾšēḵ*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾettēn*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I gave/put", "*nezem*": "masculine singular noun - ring/nose-ring", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*ʾappēḵ*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your nose", "*wa-ʿăgîlîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and earrings", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*ʾoznāyiḵ*": "feminine dual noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your ears", "*wa-ʿăṭeret*": "conjunction + feminine singular construct - and crown of", "*tipʾeret*": "feminine singular noun - beauty/glory", "*bə-rōʾšēḵ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - on your head" }, "variants": { "*nezem*": "ring/nose-ring/jewel", "*ʿăgîlîm*": "earrings/rings", "*ʿăṭeret*": "crown/diadem", "*tipʾeret*": "beauty/glory/splendor" } } 13 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.13", "source": "וַתַּעְדִּ֞י זָהָ֣ב וָכֶ֗סֶף וּמַלְבּוּשֵׁךְ֙ שֵׁ֤שׁ וָמֶ֙שִׁי֙ וְרִקְמָ֔ה סֹ֧לֶת וּדְבַ֛שׁ וָשֶׁ֖מֶן אָכָ֑לְתְּ וַתִּ֙יפִי֙ בִּמְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד וַֽתִּצְלְחִ֖י לִמְלוּכָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-taʿdî* *zāhāḇ* *wā-ḵesep* *û-malbûšēḵ* *šēš* *wā-mešî* *wə-riqmâ* *sōlet* *û-dəḇaš* *wā-šemen* *ʾāḵālt* *wa-tîpî* *bi-məʾōd* *məʾōd* *wa-tiṣləḥî* *li-mlûḵâ*", "grammar": { "*wa-taʿdî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you adorned yourself", "*zāhāḇ*": "masculine singular noun - gold", "*wā-ḵesep*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and silver", "*û-malbûšēḵ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - and your clothing", "*šēš*": "masculine singular noun - fine linen", "*wā-mešî*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and silk", "*wə-riqmâ*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun - and embroidery", "*sōlet*": "feminine singular noun - fine flour", "*û-dəḇaš*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and honey", "*wā-šemen*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and oil", "*ʾāḵālt*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you ate", "*wa-tîpî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you became beautiful", "*bi-məʾōd*": "preposition + adverb - in very", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*wa-tiṣləḥî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you prospered", "*li-mlûḵâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - to/for kingdom/royalty" }, "variants": { "*taʿdî*": "you adorned yourself/decorated yourself", "*malbûšēḵ*": "your clothing/garment/apparel", "*sōlet*": "fine flour/choice wheat", "*tîpî*": "you became beautiful/fair/lovely", "*tiṣləḥî*": "you prospered/succeeded/advanced", "*mlûḵâ*": "kingdom/royalty/sovereignty" } } 14 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.14", "source": "וַיֵּ֨צֵא לָ֥ךְ שֵׁ֛ם בַּגּוֹיִ֖ם בְּיָפְיֵ֑ךְ כִּ֣י ׀ כָּלִ֣יל ה֗וּא בַּֽהֲדָרִי֙ אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי עָלַ֔יִךְ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yēṣēʾ* *lāḵ* *šēm* *ba-ggôyim* *bə-yāpyēḵ* *kî* *kālîl* *hûʾ* *ba-hădārî* *ʾăšer*-*śamtî* *ʿālayiḵ* *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it went out", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - for you", "*šēm*": "masculine singular noun - name/reputation", "*ba-ggôyim*": "preposition + article + masculine plural noun - among the nations", "*bə-yāpyēḵ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - for your beauty", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kālîl*": "masculine singular adjective - perfect/complete", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - it", "*ba-hădārî*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - in my splendor", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*śamtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I placed", "*ʿālayiḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - on you", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun with 1st person plural suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*šēm*": "name/reputation/fame", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*kālîl*": "perfect/complete/entire", "*hădārî*": "my splendor/majesty/glory" } }
• Deut 9:22-24 : 22 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.9.22", "source": "וּבְתַבְעֵרָה֙ וּבְמַסָּ֔ה וּבְקִבְרֹ֖ת הַֽתַּאֲוָ֑ה מַקְצִפִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And-in-*Tabʿērâ* and-in-*Massâ* and-in-*Qibrōt* the-*Taʾăwâ* *maqṣîpîm* *hĕyîtem* *ʾet*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Tabʿērâ*": "proper noun - Taberah", "*Massâ*": "proper noun - Massah", "*Qibrōt*": "proper noun, construct - Kibroth", "*Taʾăwâ*": "proper noun with definite article - Hattaavah", "*maqṣîpîm*": "verb, hiphil participle masculine plural - provoking to anger", "*hĕyîtem*": "verb, qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you were", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*Tabʿērâ*": "Taberah/Burning", "*Massâ*": "Massah/Testing", "*Qibrōt* *Taʾăwâ*": "Kibroth Hattaavah/Graves of Craving", "*maqṣîpîm*": "provoking to anger/enraging/irritating" } } 23 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.9.23", "source": "וּבִשְׁלֹ֨חַ יְהוָ֜ה אֶתְכֶ֗ם מִקָּדֵ֤שׁ בַּרְנֵ֙עַ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר עֲלוּ֙ וּרְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לָכֶ֑ם וַתַּמְר֗וּ אֶת־פִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֤א הֶֽאֱמַנְתֶּם֙ ל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם בְּקֹלֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-in-*šĕlōaḥ* *YHWH* you from-*Qādēš* *Barnēaʿ* *lēʾmōr* *ʿălû* and-*rĕšû* *ʾet*-the-*ʾāreṣ* which *nātattî* to-you *wattamrû* *ʾet*-*pî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* and-not *heʾĕmantem* to-him and-not *šĕmaʿtem* in-*qōlô*", "grammar": { "*šĕlōaḥ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - sending", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*Qādēš*": "proper noun - Kadesh", "*Barnēaʿ*": "proper noun - Barnea", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʿălû*": "verb, qal imperative masculine plural - go up", "*rĕšû*": "verb, qal imperative masculine plural - possess", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land", "*nātattî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st person singular - I have given", "*wattamrû*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect consecutive 2nd person masculine plural - and you rebelled", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*heʾĕmantem*": "verb, hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you believed", "*šĕmaʿtem*": "verb, qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you listened", "*qōlô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his voice" }, "variants": { "*šĕlōaḥ*": "sending/dispatching", "*ʿălû*": "go up/ascend/rise", "*rĕšû*": "possess/take possession of/inherit", "*nātattî*": "I have given/I have granted/I have bestowed", "*wattamrû*": "you rebelled/you defied/you disobeyed", "*pî*": "mouth/command/word", "*heʾĕmantem*": "you believed/you trusted/you had faith", "*šĕmaʿtem*": "you listened/you obeyed/you heeded", "*qōlô*": "his voice/his sound/his command" } } 24 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.9.24", "source": "מַמְרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם עִם־יְהוָ֑ה מִיּ֖וֹם דַּעְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶֽם׃", "text": "*Mamrîm* *hĕyîtem* with-*YHWH* from-*yôm* *daʿtî* you", "grammar": { "*Mamrîm*": "verb, hiphil participle masculine plural - rebelling", "*hĕyîtem*": "verb, qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you were", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*daʿtî*": "verb, qal infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - my knowing" }, "variants": { "*Mamrîm*": "rebelling/defying/disobeying", "*daʿtî*": "my knowing/my acquaintance with/my recognition of" } }
• Deut 1:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.1.31", "source": "וּבַמִּדְבָּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָאִ֔יתָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נְשָׂאֲךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשָּׂא־אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־בְּנ֑וֹ בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֲלַכְתֶּ֔ם עַד־בֹּאֲכֶ֖ם עַד־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה", "text": "And-in-the-*midbār* which *rāʾîtā*, which *nəśāʾăkā* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā*, as-which *yiśśā*-*ʾîš* *ʾet*-*bənô*, in-all-the-*derek* which *hălaktem* until-*bōʾăkem* until-the-*māqôm* the-*zeh*.", "grammar": { "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the wilderness'", "*rāʾîtā*": "2nd person masculine singular perfect, qal form of *r'h* - 'see'", "*nəśāʾăkā*": "3rd person masculine singular perfect, qal form of *nś'* with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'carried you'", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your God'", "*yiśśā*": "3rd person masculine singular imperfect, qal form of *nś'* - 'carry'", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - 'man'", "*bənô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his son'", "*derek*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - 'the way'", "*hălaktem*": "2nd person masculine plural perfect, qal form of *hlk* - 'walk/go'", "*bōʾăkem*": "qal infinitive construct of *bw'* with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - 'your coming'", "*māqôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the place'", "*zeh*": "masculine singular demonstrative - 'this'" }, "variants": { "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*rāʾîtā*": "you saw/observed/experienced", "*nəśāʾăkā*": "carried you/bore you/supported you", "*yiśśā*": "carries/bears/lifts", "*derek*": "way/path/journey/road", "*hălaktem*": "you walked/went/traveled", "*bōʾăkem*": "your coming/arrival", "*māqôm*": "place/location/site" } }
• Deut 4:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.7", "source": "כִּ֚י מִי־ג֣וֹי גָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁר־ל֥וֹ אֱלֹהִ֖ים קְרֹבִ֣ים אֵלָ֑יו כַּיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ בְּכָּל־קָרְאֵ֖נוּ אֵלָֽיו", "text": "For who-*gôy* *gādôl* which-to-him *ʾĕlōhîm* *qᵉrōbîm* to-him like-*YHWH* our-*ʾĕlōhênû* in-all-*qorʾēnû* to-him", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular construct - nation of", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*lô*": "preposition with third person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods", "*qᵉrōbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - near/close", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition with third person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ka*": "preposition - like/as", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural with first person plural suffix - our God", "*bᵉ*": "preposition - in", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*qorʾēnû*": "infinitive construct, qal with first person plural suffix - our calling", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition with third person masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles", "*gādôl*": "great/large/important", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*qᵉrōbîm*": "near/close/accessible", "*qorʾēnû*": "our calling/our crying out/our appealing" } } 8 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.8", "source": "וּמִי֙ גּ֣וֹי גָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ חֻקִּ֥ים וּמִשְׁפָּטִ֖ים צַדִּיקִ֑ם כְּכֹל֙ הַתּוֹרָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם", "text": "And-who *gôy* *gādôl* which-to-him *ḥuqqîm* and-*mishpāṭîm* *ṣaddîqim* like-all the-*tôrâ* the-this which *ʾānōkî* *nōtēn* before-you *hayyôm*", "grammar": { "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular construct - nation of", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*lô*": "preposition with third person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ḥuqqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - statutes/decrees", "*mishpāṭîm*": "noun, masculine plural - judgments/ordinances", "*ṣaddîqim*": "adjective, masculine plural - righteous/just", "*kᵉkōl*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular construct - like all of", "*tôrâ*": "noun, feminine singular - law/instruction", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʾānōkî*": "pronoun, first person singular - I", "*nōtēn*": "participle, qal, masculine singular - giving", "*lipnêkem*": "preposition with noun, masculine dual with second person masculine plural suffix - before you", "*hayyôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day/today" }, "variants": { "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles", "*gādôl*": "great/large/important", "*ḥuqqîm*": "statutes/decrees/prescribed limits", "*mishpāṭîm*": "judgments/ordinances/legal decisions", "*ṣaddîqim*": "righteous/just/fair/legitimate", "*tôrâ*": "law/instruction/teaching/direction", "*nōtēn*": "giving/placing/setting", "*hayyôm*": "the day/today/at this time" } }
• Mic 3:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Micah.3.8", "source": "וְאוּלָ֗ם אָנֹכִ֞י מָלֵ֤אתִי כֹ֙חַ֙ אֶת־ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּגְבוּרָ֑ה לְהַגִּ֤יד לְיַֽעֲקֹב֙ פִּשְׁע֔וֹ וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל חַטָּאתֽוֹ׃ ס", "text": "But *ʾānōkî* *mālēʾtî* *kōaḥ* *ʾet*-*rûaḥ* *YHWH* and-*mišpāṭ* and-*gĕbûrâ* to-*haggîd* to-*yaʿăqōb* *pišʿô* and-to-*yiśrāʾēl* *ḥaṭṭāʾtô*", "grammar": { "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*mālēʾtî*": "1st person singular qal perfect - I am filled", "*kōaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - power/strength", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - judgment", "*gĕbûrâ*": "feminine singular noun - might/strength", "*haggîd*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to declare/tell", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper name - Jacob", "*pišʿô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his transgression", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sin" }, "variants": { "*ʾānōkî*": "I/myself", "*mālēʾtî*": "I am filled/full of", "*kōaḥ*": "power/strength/might", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/right", "*gĕbûrâ*": "might/strength/power", "*haggîd*": "to declare/tell/announce", "*pišʿô*": "his transgression/rebellion/crime", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtô*": "his sin/offense/wrongdoing" } }
• Ezek 36:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.36.4", "source": "לָכֵן֙ הָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְ֠הוִה לֶהָרִ֨ים וְלַגְּבָע֜וֹת לָאֲפִיקִ֣ים וְלַגֵּאָי֗וֹת וְלֶחֳרָב֤וֹת הַשֹּֽׁמְמוֹת֙ וְלֶעָרִ֣ים הַנֶּעֱזָב֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָי֤וּ לְבַז֙ וּלְלַ֔עַג לִשְׁאֵרִ֥ית הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִסָּבִֽיב׃ ס", "text": "*lākēn* *hārē* *yiśrā'ēl* *šim'û* *dəbar-'ădōnāy* *YHWH* *kōh-'āmar* *'ădōnāy* *YHWH* *lehārim* *wəlaggəbā'ôt* *lā'ăfîqîm* *wəlaggē'āyôt* *wəleḥorābôt* *haššōmĕmôt* *wəle'ārîm* *hanne'ĕzābôt* *'ăšer* *hāyû* *ləbaz* *ûləla'ag* *liš'ērît* *haggôyim* *'ăšer* *missābîb* [*sāmek*]", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*hārē*": "noun, masculine plural construct - mountains of", "*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*šim'û*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*dəbar-'ădōnāy*": "construct state noun + divine title - word of Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*kōh-'āmar*": "adverb + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - thus he said", "*'ădōnāy*": "divine title, plural form with 1st person singular suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*lehārim*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - to mountains", "*wəlaggəbā'ôt*": "conjunction + preposition + article + noun, feminine plural - and to the hills", "*lā'ăfîqîm*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - to the streams/ravines", "*wəlaggē'āyôt*": "conjunction + preposition + article + noun, feminine plural - and to the valleys", "*wəleḥorābôt*": "conjunction + preposition + article + noun, feminine plural - and to the ruins", "*haššōmĕmôt*": "article + adjective, feminine plural - the desolate", "*wəle'ārîm*": "conjunction + preposition + article + noun, feminine plural - and to the cities", "*hanne'ĕzābôt*": "article + niphal participle, feminine plural - the abandoned/forsaken", "*'ăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they became", "*ləbaz*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for plunder", "*ûləla'ag*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular - and for mockery", "*liš'ērît*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - for remnant of", "*haggôyim*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the nations", "*'ăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*missābîb*": "preposition + adverb - from around", "*sāmek*": "paragraph marker" }, "variants": { "*'ăfîqîm*": "streams/ravines/wadis/channels", "*gē'āyôt*": "valleys/ravines", "*ḥorābôt*": "ruins/waste places", "*haššōmĕmôt*": "desolate/deserted/devastated", "*hanne'ĕzābôt*": "abandoned/forsaken", "*baz*": "plunder/spoil/prey", "*la'ag*": "mockery/derision/scorn" } }
• Amos 3:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Amos.3.1", "source": "שִׁמְע֞וּ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַ֚ל כָּל־הַמִּשְׁפָּחָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר הֶעֱלֵ֛יתִי מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לֵאמֹֽר׃", "text": "*Šimʿû* *ʾet*-*ha-dāvār* *ha-zeh*, *ʾăšer* *dibber* *YHWH* *ʿălêkem* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl*, *ʿal* *kol*-*ha-mišpāḥâ* *ʾăšer* *heʿĕlêtî* *mēʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim* *lēʾmōr*", "grammar": { "*Šimʿû*": "imperative plural - hear/listen", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-dāvār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the word", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative, masculine singular - this", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - spoke/has spoken", "*YHWH*": "divine name, subject", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - against/concerning you", "*bənê*": "construct masculine plural - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿal*": "preposition - concerning/against", "*kol*": "construct - all of", "*ha-mišpāḥâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the family/clan", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom/which", "*heʿĕlêtî*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I brought up", "*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - from land of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying" }, "variants": { "*Šimʿû*": "hear/listen/obey", "*dāvār*": "word/matter/thing/speech", "*dibber*": "spoke/declared/pronounced", "*ʿălêkem*": "against you/concerning you/about you", "*mišpāḥâ*": "family/clan/tribe", "*heʿĕlêtî*": "brought up/caused to ascend/lifted" } }
• Mal 1:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Malachi.1.6", "source": "בֵּ֛ן יְכַבֵּ֥ד אָ֖ב וְעֶ֣בֶד אֲדֹנָ֑יו וְאִם־אָ֣ב אָ֣נִי אַיֵּ֣ה כְבוֹדִ֡י וְאִם־אֲדוֹנִ֣ים אָנִי֩ אַיֵּ֨ה מוֹרָאִ֜י אָמַ֣ר ׀ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת לָכֶם֙ הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ בּוֹזֵ֣י שְׁמִ֔י וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֕ם בַּמֶּ֥ה בָזִ֖ינוּ אֶת־שְׁמֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*bēn* *yəḵabbēḏ* *ʾāḇ* *wəʿeḇeḏ* *ʾăḏōnāyw* *wəʾim*-*ʾāḇ* *ʾānî* *ʾayyēh* *ḵəḇôḏî* *wəʾim*-*ʾăḏônîm* *ʾānî* *ʾayyēh* *môrāʾî* *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôṯ* *lāḵem* *hakkōhănîm* *bôzê* *šəmî* *waʾămartem* *bammeh* *bāzînû* *ʾeṯ*-*šəmeḵā*", "grammar": { "*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular - son", "*yəḵabbēḏ*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he honors", "*ʾāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - father", "*wəʿeḇeḏ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and servant/slave", "*ʾăḏōnāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his masters/lords", "*wəʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*ʾāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - father", "*ʾānî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*ʾayyēh*": "interrogative adverb - where", "*ḵəḇôḏî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my honor", "*wəʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*ʾăḏônîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lords/masters", "*ʾānî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*ʾayyēh*": "interrogative adverb - where", "*môrāʾî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my fear/reverence", "*ʾāmar*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ṣəḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - hosts/armies", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to you", "*hakkōhănîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the priests", "*bôzê*": "participle, Qal masculine plural construct - despisers of", "*šəmî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my name", "*waʾămartem*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - and you have said", "*bammeh*": "preposition + interrogative - in what way/how", "*bāzînû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 1st person plural - we have despised", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*šəmeḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your name" }, "variants": { "*yəḵabbēḏ*": "honors/respects/glorifies", "*ʾăḏōnāyw*": "his masters/his lord/his owner", "*ḵəḇôḏî*": "my honor/my glory/my respect", "*môrāʾî*": "my fear/my reverence/dread of me", "*bôzê*": "despisers of/those who despise/those showing contempt for", "*bammeh*": "in what way/how/wherein" } }
• Acts 4:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Acts.4.20", "source": "Οὐ δυνάμεθα γὰρ ἡμεῖς ἃ εἴδομεν καὶ ἠκούσαμεν μὴ λαλεῖν.", "text": "Not *dynametha* *gar* we what *eidomen* and *ēkousamen* not *lalein*.", "grammar": { "*dynametha*": "present middle/passive indicative, 1st plural - we are able", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*eidomen*": "aorist active indicative, 1st plural - we saw", "*ēkousamen*": "aorist active indicative, 1st plural - we heard", "*lalein*": "present active infinitive - to speak" }, "variants": { "*dynametha*": "we are able/can", "*eidomen*": "we saw/observed/witnessed", "*ēkousamen*": "we heard/listened to", "*lalein*": "to speak/tell/talk about" } }
• Rom 3:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Romans.3.1", "source": "¶Τί οὖν τὸ περισσὸν τοῦ Ἰουδαίου; ἢ τίς ἡ ὠφέλεια τῆς περιτομῆς;", "text": "*Ti* therefore the *perisson* of the *Ioudaiou*? or what the *ōpheleia* of the *peritomēs*?", "grammar": { "*Ti*": "interrogative pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular - what", "*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore/then", "*perisson*": "adjective, nominative, neuter, singular - advantage/superiority", "*Ioudaiou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - of Jewish person", "*ē*": "disjunctive particle - or", "*tis*": "interrogative pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular - what", "*ōpheleia*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - benefit/advantage", "*peritomēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - of circumcision" }, "variants": { "*perisson*": "advantage/surplus/excess/what is special", "*Ioudaiou*": "Jew/Jewish person/Judean", "*ōpheleia*": "benefit/profit/advantage/usefulness" } } 2 { "verseID": "Romans.3.2", "source": "Πολὺ κατὰ πάντα τρόπον: πρῶτον, μὲν γὰρ ὅτι ἐπιστεύθησαν τὰ λόγια τοῦ Θεοῦ.", "text": "*Poly kata panta tropon*: *prōton men gar hoti episteuthēsan ta logia tou Theou*.", "grammar": { "*Poly*": "adjective, accusative, neuter, singular - much/great", "*kata*": "preposition + accusative - according to", "*panta*": "adjective, accusative, masculine, singular - every/all", "*tropon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - way/manner", "*prōton*": "adverb - firstly/in the first place", "*men*": "particle marking contrast with unstated *de* - indeed/on one hand", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that/because", "*episteuthēsan*": "verb, aorist passive, 3rd person plural - they were entrusted with", "*ta logia*": "noun, nominative/accusative, neuter, plural - the oracles/words", "*tou Theou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - of God" }, "variants": { "*Poly*": "much/great/many", "*tropon*": "way/manner/mode/method", "*episteuthēsan*": "were entrusted with/were believed/were trusted with", "*logia*": "oracles/sayings/utterances/divine words" } }
• Rom 9:4-5 : 4 { "verseID": "Romans.9.4", "source": "Οἵτινές εἰσιν Ἰσραηλῖται· ὧν ἡ υἱοθεσία, καὶ ἡ δόξα, καὶ αἱ διαθῆκαι, καὶ ἡ νομοθεσία, καὶ ἡ λατρεία, καὶ αἱ ἐπαγγελίαι·", "text": "*Hoitines eisin Israēlitai*; of whom the *huiothesia*, and the *doxa*, and the *diathēkai*, and the *nomothesia*, and the *latreia*, and the *epangeliai*;", "grammar": { "*Hoitines*": "relative pronoun, nominative, masculine, plural - who/whoever", "*eisin*": "present, indicative, 3rd person plural - they are", "*Israēlitai*": "nominative, masculine, plural - Israelites", "*huiothesia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - adoption", "*doxa*": "nominative, feminine, singular - glory", "*diathēkai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - covenants", "*nomothesia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - giving of the law", "*latreia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - service/worship", "*epangeliai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - promises" }, "variants": { "*Hoitines*": "who/whoever/such ones who", "*Israēlitai*": "Israelites/descendants of Israel", "*huiothesia*": "adoption/sonship", "*doxa*": "glory/honor/splendor", "*diathēkai*": "covenants/testaments/agreements", "*nomothesia*": "giving of the law/legislation", "*latreia*": "service/worship/ritual", "*epangeliai*": "promises/pledges" } } 5 { "verseID": "Romans.9.5", "source": "Ὧν οἱ πατέρες, καὶ ἐξ ὧν ὁ Χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων, Θεὸς εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ἀμήν.", "text": "Of whom the *pateres*, and from whom the *Christos* the *kata sarka*, the *ōn epi pantōn*, *Theos eulogētos* into the *aiōnas*. *Amēn*.", "grammar": { "*pateres*": "nominative, masculine, plural - fathers/ancestors", "*Christos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Christ/Messiah", "*kata sarka*": "preposition + accusative - according to flesh", "*ōn*": "present, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - being/who is", "*epi*": "preposition + genitive - over/above", "*pantōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - all/all things", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*eulogētos*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - blessed/praised", "*aiōnas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - ages/eternities", "*Amēn*": "Hebrew transliteration - truly/so be it" }, "variants": { "*pateres*": "fathers/ancestors/patriarchs", "*Christos*": "Christ/Messiah/Anointed One", "*kata sarka*": "according to flesh/by human descent/physically", "*ōn*": "being/existing/who is", "*epi pantōn*": "over all/above all things/supreme over everything", "*Theos eulogētos*": "God blessed/blessed God/God who is blessed", "*aiōnas*": "ages/eternities/forever" } }
• Ezek 20:5-9 : 5 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.5", "source": "וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ בְּיוֹם֙ בָּחֳרִ֣י בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וָאֶשָּׂ֣א יָדִ֗י לְזֶ֙רַע֙ בֵּ֣ית יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וָאִוָּדַ֥ע לָהֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וָאֶשָּׂ֨א יָדִ֤י לָהֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*wĕʾāmartā* to-them, *kōh*-*ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*: In-*yôm* *bāḥŏrî* in-*yiśrāʾēl* and-*wāʾeśśāʾ* *yādî* to-*zeraʿ* *bêt* *yaʿăqōb* and-*wāʾiwwādaʿ* to-them in-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim* and-*wāʾeśśāʾ* *yādî* to-them *lēʾmōr*: I *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem*.", "grammar": { "*wĕʾāmartā*": "waw-consecutive with qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall say", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/my Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*bāḥŏrî*": "verb, qal infinitive construct with preposition and 1st person singular suffix - my choosing", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wāʾeśśāʾ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I lifted up", "*yādî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - seed/offspring of", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*wāʾiwwādaʿ*": "waw-consecutive with niphal imperfect, 1st singular - and I made myself known", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*bāḥŏrî*": "my choosing/when I chose/my election", "*wāʾeśśāʾ* *yādî*": "and I lifted my hand/and I swore (oath gesture)", "*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants", "*wāʾiwwādaʿ*": "and I made myself known/and I revealed myself" } } 6 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.6", "source": "בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא נָשָׂ֤אתִי יָדִי֙ לָהֶ֔ם לְהֽוֹצִיאָ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֶל־אֶ֜רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־תַּ֣רְתִּי לָהֶ֗ם זָבַ֤ת חָלָב֙ וּדְבַ֔שׁ צְבִ֥י הִ֖יא לְכָל־הָאֲרָצֽוֹת׃", "text": "In-the-*yôm* the-*hû* *nāśāʾtî* *yādî* to-them *lĕhôṣîʾām* from-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim* to-*ʾereṣ* that-*tartî* for-them, *zābat* *ḥālāb* and-*ûdĕbaš*, *ṣĕbî* *hîʾ* to-all-the-*ʾărāṣôt*.", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - day", "*hû*": "pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*nāśāʾtî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st singular - I lifted up", "*yādî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*lĕhôṣîʾām*": "preposition with hiphil infinitive construct and 3rd masculine plural suffix - to bring them out", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*tartî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st singular - I searched out/explored", "*zābat*": "verb, qal participle, feminine singular construct - flowing with", "*ḥālāb*": "noun, masculine singular - milk", "*ûdĕbaš*": "conjunction with noun, masculine singular - and honey", "*ṣĕbî*": "noun, masculine singular - glory/beauty", "*hîʾ*": "pronoun, feminine singular - it/she", "*ʾărāṣôt*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - lands" }, "variants": { "*nāśāʾtî* *yādî*": "I lifted my hand/I swore (oath gesture)", "*tartî*": "I searched out/I explored/I selected", "*zābat* *ḥālāb* *ûdĕbaš*": "flowing with milk and honey (idiom for fertile land)", "*ṣĕbî*": "glory/beauty/ornament/pride" } } 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.7", "source": "וָאֹמַ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם אִ֣ישׁ שִׁקּוּצֵ֤י עֵינָיו֙ הַשְׁלִ֔יכוּ וּבְגִלּוּלֵ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם אַל־תִּטַּמָּ֑אוּ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*wāʾōmar* to-them, *ʾîš* *šiqqûṣê* *ʿênāyw* *hašlîkû* and-with-*gillûlê* *miṣrayim* *ʾal*-*tiṭṭammāʾû*; I *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem*.", "grammar": { "*wāʾōmar*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I said", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each/each man", "*šiqqûṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - detestable things of", "*ʿênāyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*hašlîkû*": "verb, hiphil imperative, masculine plural - cast away", "*gillûlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - idols of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*tiṭṭammāʾû*": "verb, hitpael imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - defile yourselves", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš*": "each man/each one", "*šiqqûṣê*": "detestable things/abominations/idols", "*hašlîkû*": "cast away/throw away/abandon", "*gillûlê*": "idols/dung idols/dung pellets (derogatory term)", "*tiṭṭammāʾû*": "defile yourselves/make yourselves unclean" } } 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.8", "source": "וַיַּמְרוּ־בִ֗י וְלֹ֤א אָבוּ֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֵלַ֔י אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־שִׁקּוּצֵ֤י עֵֽינֵיהֶם֙ לֹ֣א הִשְׁלִ֔יכוּ וְאֶת־גִּלּוּלֵ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם לֹ֣א עָזָ֑בוּ וָאֹמַ֞ר לִשְׁפֹּ֧ךְ חֲמָתִ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לְכַלּ֤וֹת אַפִּי֙ בָּהֶ֔ם בְּת֖וֹךְ אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And-*wayyamrû*-against-me and-not *ʾābû* *lišmōaʿ* to-me; *ʾîš* *ʾet*-*šiqqûṣê* *ʿênêhem* not *hišlîkû* and-*ʾet*-*gillûlê* *miṣrayim* not *ʿāzābû*; and-*wāʾōmar* *lišpōk* *ḥămātî* upon-them *lĕkallôt* *ʾappî* against-them in-*tôk* *ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wayyamrû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they rebelled", "*ʾābû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they were willing", "*lišmōaʿ*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to listen/hear", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each/each man", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šiqqûṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - detestable things of", "*ʿênêhem*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eyes", "*hišlîkû*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they cast away", "*gillûlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - idols of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʿāzābû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they forsook", "*wāʾōmar*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I said", "*lišpōk*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to pour out", "*ḥămātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my wrath", "*lĕkallôt*": "preposition with piel infinitive construct - to complete/finish", "*ʾappî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my anger", "*tôk*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*wayyamrû*": "and they rebelled/and they were disobedient/and they were defiant", "*ʾābû*": "they were willing/they consented/they agreed", "*lišmōaʿ*": "to listen/to hear/to obey", "*šiqqûṣê*": "detestable things/abominations/idols", "*hišlîkû*": "they cast away/they threw away/they abandoned", "*ʿāzābû*": "they forsook/they abandoned/they left", "*lišpōk* *ḥămātî*": "to pour out my wrath (idiom for punishment)", "*lĕkallôt* *ʾappî*": "to spend my anger/to exhaust my fury" } } 9 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.9", "source": "וָאַ֙עַשׂ֙ לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמִ֔י לְבִלְתִּ֥י הֵחֵ֛ל לְעֵינֵ֥י הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֣מָּה בְתוֹכָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נוֹדַ֤עְתִּי אֲלֵיהֶם֙ לְעֵ֣ינֵיהֶ֔ם לְהוֹצִיאָ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And-*wāʾaʿaś* for-sake-of *šĕmî* *lĕbiltî* *hēḥēl* before-eyes-of the-*gôyim* which-they *bĕtôkām*, which *nôdaʿtî* to-them before-*ʿênêhem* *lĕhôṣîʾām* from-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wāʾaʿaś*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I acted", "*šĕmî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my name", "*lĕbiltî*": "preposition with negative particle - so as not to", "*hēḥēl*": "verb, niphal infinitive construct - to be profaned/defiled", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - nations", "*bĕtôkām*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular construct and 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their midst", "*nôdaʿtî*": "verb, niphal perfect, 1st singular - I made myself known", "*ʿênêhem*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eyes", "*lĕhôṣîʾām*": "preposition with hiphil infinitive construct and 3rd masculine plural suffix - to bring them out", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*wāʾaʿaś* *lĕmaʿan* *šĕmî*": "and I acted for the sake of my name (idiom for protecting reputation)", "*lĕbiltî* *hēḥēl*": "so as not to be profaned/so it would not be defiled", "*nôdaʿtî*": "I made myself known/I revealed myself" } } 10 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.10", "source": "וָאֽוֹצִיאֵ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וָאֲבִאֵ֖ם אֶל־הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "And-*wāʾôṣîʾēm* from-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim* and-*wāʾăbîʾēm* to-the-*midbār*.", "grammar": { "*wāʾôṣîʾēm*": "waw-consecutive with hiphil imperfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and I brought them out", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*wāʾăbîʾēm*": "waw-consecutive with hiphil imperfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and I brought them to", "*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - wilderness" }, "variants": { "*wāʾôṣîʾēm*": "and I brought them out/and I led them out", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land" } } 11 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.11", "source": "וָאֶתֵּ֤ן לָהֶם֙ אֶת־חֻקּוֹתַ֔י וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֖י הוֹדַ֣עְתִּי אוֹתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אוֹתָ֛ם הָאָדָ֖ם וָחַ֥י בָּהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*wāʾettēn* to-them *ʾet*-*ḥuqqôtay* and-*ʾet*-*mišpāṭay* *hôdaʿtî* *ʾôtām* which *yaʿăśeh* *ʾôtām* the-*ʾādām* and-*wāḥay* in-them.", "grammar": { "*wāʾettēn*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I gave", "*ḥuqqôtay*": "noun, feminine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my statutes", "*mišpāṭay*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my ordinances/judgments", "*hôdaʿtî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I made known", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*yaʿăśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will do", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*wāḥay*": "waw-consecutive with qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will live", "*bāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - by them" }, "variants": { "*ḥuqqôtay*": "my statutes/my decrees/my laws", "*mišpāṭay*": "my ordinances/my judgments/my regulations", "*hôdaʿtî*": "I made known/I informed/I taught", "*wāḥay* *bāhem*": "and he will live by them/and he will live through them (idiom for finding life through obedience)" } } 12 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.12", "source": "וְגַ֤ם אֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתַי֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לָהֶ֔ם לִהְי֣וֹת לְא֔וֹת בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם לָדַ֕עַת כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מְקַדְּשָֽׁם׃", "text": "And-also *ʾet*-*šabbĕtôtay* *nātattî* to-them *lihyôt* for-*ʾôt* between-me and-between-them, *lādaʿat* that I *YHWH* *mĕqaddĕšām*.", "grammar": { "*šabbĕtôtay*": "noun, feminine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my sabbaths", "*nātattî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st singular - I gave", "*lihyôt*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to be", "*ʾôt*": "noun, feminine singular - sign", "*bênî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - between me", "*ûbênêhem*": "conjunction with preposition and 3rd masculine plural suffix - and between them", "*lādaʿat*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to know", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*mĕqaddĕšām*": "verb, piel participle, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - sanctifying them" }, "variants": { "*šabbĕtôtay*": "my sabbaths/my rest days", "*ʾôt*": "sign/token/marker", "*lādaʿat*": "to know/so they would know", "*mĕqaddĕšām*": "sanctifying them/setting them apart/consecrating them" } } 13 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.13", "source": "וַיַּמְרוּ־בִ֨י בֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר בְּחֻקּוֹתַ֨י לֹא־הָלָ֜כוּ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֣י מָאָ֗סוּ אֲשֶׁר֩ יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה אֹתָ֤ם הָֽאָדָם֙ וָחַ֣י בָּהֶ֔ם וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖י חִלְּל֣וּ מְאֹ֑ד וָאֹמַ֞ר לִשְׁפֹּ֨ךְ חֲמָתִ֧י עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר לְכַלּוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "And-*wayyamrû*-against-me *bêt*-*yiśrāʾēl* in-the-*midbār*: in-*ḥuqqôtay* not-*hālākû* and-*ʾet*-*mišpāṭay* *māʾāsû*, which *yaʿăśeh* *ʾōtām* the-*ʾādām* and-*wāḥay* in-them, and-*ʾet*-*šabbĕtōtay* *ḥillĕlû* greatly; and-*wāʾōmar* *lišpōk* *ḥămātî* upon-them in-the-*midbār* *lĕkallôtām*.", "grammar": { "*wayyamrû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they rebelled", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - wilderness", "*ḥuqqôtay*": "noun, feminine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my statutes", "*hālākû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they walked", "*mišpāṭay*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my ordinances/judgments", "*māʾāsû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they rejected", "*yaʿăśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will do", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*wāḥay*": "waw-consecutive with qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will live", "*šabbĕtōtay*": "noun, feminine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my sabbaths", "*ḥillĕlû*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd plural - they profaned", "*wāʾōmar*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I said", "*lišpōk*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to pour out", "*ḥămātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my wrath", "*lĕkallôtām*": "preposition with piel infinitive construct and 3rd masculine plural suffix - to destroy them" }, "variants": { "*wayyamrû*": "and they rebelled/and they were disobedient/and they defied", "*hālākû*": "they walked/they followed/they obeyed", "*māʾāsû*": "they rejected/they spurned/they despised", "*ḥillĕlû*": "they profaned/they defiled/they desecrated", "*lĕkallôtām*": "to destroy them/to exterminate them/to finish them off" } } 14 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.14", "source": "וָאֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמִ֑י לְבִלְתִּ֤י הֵחֵל֙ לְעֵינֵ֣י הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹצֵאתִ֖ים לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*wāʾeʿĕśeh* for-sake-of *šĕmî*, *lĕbiltî* *hēḥēl* before-eyes-of the-*gôyim* which *hôṣēʾtîm* before-*ʿênêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wāʾeʿĕśeh*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I acted", "*šĕmî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my name", "*lĕbiltî*": "preposition with negative particle - so as not to", "*hēḥēl*": "verb, niphal infinitive construct - to be profaned/defiled", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - nations", "*hôṣēʾtîm*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I brought them out", "*ʿênêhem*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eyes" }, "variants": { "*wāʾeʿĕśeh* *lĕmaʿan* *šĕmî*": "and I acted for the sake of my name (idiom for protecting reputation)", "*lĕbiltî* *hēḥēl*": "so as not to be profaned/so it would not be defiled", "*hôṣēʾtîm* *lĕʿênêhem*": "I brought them out before their eyes/in their sight" } } 15 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.15", "source": "וְגַם־אֲנִ֗י נָשָׂ֧אתִי יָדִ֛י לָהֶ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לְבִלְתִּי֩ הָבִ֨יא אוֹתָ֜ם אֶל־הָאָ֣רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֗תִּי זָבַ֤ת חָלָב֙ וּדְבַ֔שׁ צְבִ֥י הִ֖יא לְכָל־הָאֲרָצֽוֹת", "text": "And also *ʾănî* *nāśāʾtî* *yādî* to them in the *midbar*, to not *hābîʾ* them to the *ʾāreṣ* which *nātattî*, *zābat ḥālāb* and *dəbaš*, *ṣəbî* *hîʾ* to all the *ʾărāṣôt*", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction, connective - and", "*gam*": "adverb - also, moreover", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*nāśāʾtî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I lifted/raised", "*yādî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*ba-midbar*": "preposition with definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness", "*ləbiltî*": "preposition + negative particle - to not, so as not to", "*hābîʾ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to bring", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*ʾel-hāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*nātattî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I gave", "*zābat*": "Qal participle feminine singular construct - flowing with", "*ḥālāb*": "noun, masculine singular - milk", "*û-dəbaš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and honey", "*ṣəbî*": "noun, masculine singular - glory, beauty", "*hîʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular pronoun - it (is)", "*lə-kāl-hāʾărāṣôt*": "preposition + construct noun + definite article + noun, feminine plural - to all the lands" }, "variants": { "*nāśāʾtî yādî*": "lifted my hand (idiom for swearing an oath)", "*midbar*": "wilderness, desert, uninhabited land", "*zābat ḥālāb û-dəbaš*": "flowing with milk and honey (idiom for fertile land)", "*ṣəbî*": "glory, beauty, ornament, gazelle" } } 16 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.16", "source": "יַ֜עַן בְּמִשְׁפָּטַ֣י מָאָ֗סוּ וְאֶת־חֻקּוֹתַי֙ לֹא־הָלְכ֣וּ בָהֶ֔ם וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֖י חִלֵּ֑לוּ כִּ֛י אַחֲרֵ֥י גִלּוּלֵיהֶ֖ם לִבָּ֥ם הֹלֵֽךְ", "text": "*yaʿan* in my *mišpāṭay* they *māʾāsû* and my *ḥuqqôtay* they not *hālĕkû* in them, and my *šabbĕtôtay* they *ḥillēlû*, because after their *gillûlêhem* their *libbām* *hōlēk*", "grammar": { "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because, since", "*bə-mišpāṭay*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - in my judgments/ordinances", "*māʾāsû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they rejected/despised", "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*ḥuqqôtay*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my statutes", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*hālĕkû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they walked", "*bāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in them", "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*šabbĕtôtay*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my sabbaths", "*ḥillēlû*": "Piel perfect 3rd person plural - they profaned/desecrated", "*kî*": "conjunction - because, for", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*gillûlêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their idols", "*libbām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their heart", "*hōlēk*": "Qal participle masculine singular - walking/going" }, "variants": { "*mišpāṭay*": "judgments, ordinances, legal decisions", "*māʾāsû*": "rejected, despised, refused", "*ḥuqqôtay*": "statutes, decrees, prescribed laws", "*hālĕkû*": "walked, followed, lived according to", "*šabbĕtôtay*": "my sabbaths, my rest days", "*ḥillēlû*": "profaned, desecrated, violated", "*gillûlêhem*": "their idols, their dung-gods (derogatory term)" } } 17 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.17", "source": "וַתָּ֧חָס עֵינִ֛י עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מִֽשַּׁחֲתָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־עָשִׂ֧יתִי אוֹתָ֛ם כָּלָ֖ה בַּמִּדְבָּֽר", "text": "And *tāḥās* my *ʿênî* upon them from *šaḥătām* and not *ʿāśîtî* them *kālāh* in the *midbar*", "grammar": { "*wa-*": "conjunction, consecutive - and, so", "*tāḥās*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it showed mercy/spared", "*ʿênî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my eye", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*mi-šaḥătām*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - from destroying them", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ʿāśîtî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I made/did", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*kālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - complete destruction", "*ba-midbar*": "preposition with definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness" }, "variants": { "*tāḥās ʿênî*": "my eye spared (idiom for showing mercy)", "*mi-šaḥătām*": "from destroying them, from their destruction", "*kālāh*": "complete destruction, annihilation, end", "*midbar*": "wilderness, desert, uninhabited land" } } 18 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.18", "source": "וָאֹמַ֤ר אֶל־בְּנֵיהֶם֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר בְּחוּקֵּ֤י אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ אַל־תֵּלֵ֔כוּ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפְּטֵיהֶ֖ם אַל־תִּשְׁמֹ֑רוּ וּבְגִלּוּלֵיהֶ֖ם אַל־תִּטַּמָּֽאוּ", "text": "And *ʾōmar* to their *bənêhem* in the *midbar*, in the *ḥûqqê* of your *ʾăbôtêkem* not *tēlēkû*, and their *mišpəṭêhem* not *tišmōrû*, and with their *gillûlêhem* not *tiṭṭammāʾû*", "grammar": { "*wā-*": "conjunction, consecutive - and, so", "*ʾōmar*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I said", "*ʾel-bənêhem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to their children/sons", "*ba-midbar*": "preposition with definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness", "*bə-ḥûqqê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - in the statutes of", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*ʾal*": "negative particle (for commands) - do not", "*tēlēkû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall walk", "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*mišpəṭêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their judgments", "*ʾal*": "negative particle (for commands) - do not", "*tišmōrû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall keep/observe", "*û-bə-gillûlêhem*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and with their idols", "*ʾal*": "negative particle (for commands) - do not", "*tiṭṭammāʾû*": "Hitpael imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall defile yourselves" }, "variants": { "*ḥûqqê*": "statutes, decrees, prescribed laws", "*tēlēkû*": "walk, follow, live according to", "*mišpəṭêhem*": "their judgments, ordinances, legal decisions", "*tišmōrû*": "keep, observe, guard", "*gillûlêhem*": "their idols, their dung-gods (derogatory term)", "*tiṭṭammāʾû*": "defile yourselves, make yourselves unclean" } } 19 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.19", "source": "אֲנִי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֔ם בְּחֻקּוֹתַ֖י לֵ֑כוּ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֥י שִׁמְר֖וּ וַעֲשׂ֥וּ אוֹתָֽם", "text": "*ʾănî* *YHWH* your *ʾĕlōhêkem*, in my *ḥuqqôtay* *lēkû* and my *mišpāṭay* *šimrû* and *ʿăśû* them", "grammar": { "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*bə-ḥuqqôtay*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - in my statutes", "*lēkû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - walk!", "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*mišpāṭay*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my judgments", "*šimrû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - keep/observe!", "*wa-ʿăśû*": "conjunction + Qal imperative masculine plural - and do!", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them" }, "variants": { "*YHWH*": "Yahweh, the LORD (divine name)", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "your God, your deity", "*ḥuqqôtay*": "my statutes, my decrees, my prescribed laws", "*lēkû*": "walk, follow, live according to", "*mišpāṭay*": "my judgments, ordinances, legal decisions", "*šimrû*": "keep, observe, guard", "*ʿăśû*": "do, perform, fulfill" } } 20 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.20", "source": "וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֖י קַדֵּ֑שׁוּ וְהָי֤וּ לְאוֹת֙ בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵֽינֵיכֶ֔ם לָדַ֕עַת כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם", "text": "And my *šabbətôtay* *qaddēšû* and *hāyû* for *ʾôt* between me and between you, *lādaʿat* that *ʾănî* *YHWH* your *ʾĕlōhêkem*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*šabbətôtay*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my sabbaths", "*qaddēšû*": "Piel imperative masculine plural - sanctify!, make holy!", "*wə-hāyû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural (with waw consecutive meaning) - and they shall be", "*lə-ʾôt*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for a sign", "*bênî*": "preposition, construct with 1st person singular suffix - between me", "*û-bênêkem*": "conjunction + preposition, construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and between you", "*lādaʿat*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to know", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*šabbətôtay*": "my sabbaths, my rest days", "*qaddēšû*": "sanctify, consecrate, treat as holy", "*ʾôt*": "sign, token, marker", "*lādaʿat*": "to know, to recognize, to acknowledge", "*YHWH*": "Yahweh, the LORD (divine name)", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "your God, your deity" } } 21 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.21", "source": "וַיַּמְרוּ־בִ֣י הַבָּנִ֗ים בְּחֻקּוֹתַ֣י לֹֽא־הָ֠לָכוּ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֨י לֹא־שָׁמְר֜וּ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת אוֹתָ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֩ יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה אוֹתָ֤ם הָֽאָדָם֙ וָחַ֣י בָּהֶ֔ם אֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֖י חִלֵּ֑לוּ וָאֹמַ֞ר לִשְׁפֹּ֧ךְ חֲמָתִ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לְכַלּ֥וֹת אַפִּ֛י בָּ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר", "text": "And *yamrû* against me the *bānîm*, in my *ḥuqqôtay* not *hālākû* and my *mišpāṭay* not *šāmərû* *laʿăśôt* them, which *yaʿăśeh* them the *ʾādām* and *ḥay* in them, my *šabbətôtay* they *ḥillēlû*; and *ʾōmar* *lišpōk* my *ḥămātî* upon them, to *kallôt* my *ʾappî* against them in the *midbar*", "grammar": { "*wa-yamrû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they rebelled", "*bî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - against me", "*ha-bānîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the sons/children", "*bə-ḥuqqôtay*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - in my statutes", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*hālākû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they walked", "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*mišpāṭay*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my judgments", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*šāmərû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they kept/observed", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to do", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*yaʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he will do", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*hā-ʾādām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man/human", "*wā-ḥay*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he shall live", "*bāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in them", "*ʾet-šabbətôtay*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my sabbaths", "*ḥillēlû*": "Piel perfect 3rd person common plural - they profaned", "*wā-ʾōmar*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I said", "*lišpōk*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to pour out", "*ḥămātî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my wrath", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*lə-kallôt*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to complete/finish", "*ʾappî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my anger", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - against them", "*ba-midbar*": "preposition with definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness" }, "variants": { "*yamrû*": "rebelled, defied, disobeyed", "*bānîm*": "sons, children, descendants", "*ḥuqqôtay*": "my statutes, my decrees, my prescribed laws", "*hālākû*": "walked, followed, lived according to", "*mišpāṭay*": "my judgments, ordinances, legal decisions", "*šāmərû*": "kept, observed, guarded", "*laʿăśôt*": "to do, to perform, to fulfill", "*yaʿăśeh*": "will do, will perform, will fulfill", "*ḥay*": "live, be alive, have life", "*šabbətôtay*": "my sabbaths, my rest days", "*ḥillēlû*": "profaned, desecrated, violated", "*lišpōk*": "to pour out, to spill", "*ḥămātî*": "my wrath, my fury, my heat", "*kallôt*": "to complete, to finish, to end", "*ʾappî*": "my anger, my nose (idiom for anger)", "*midbar*": "wilderness, desert, uninhabited land" } } 22 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.22", "source": "וַהֲשִׁבֹ֙תִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י וָאַ֖עַשׂ לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמִ֑י לְבִלְתִּ֤י הֵחֵל֙ לְעֵינֵ֣י הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אוֹתָ֖ם לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם", "text": "And *hăšibōtî* my *yādî* and *ʾaʿaś* for the sake of my *šəmî*, to not *hēḥēl* before the eyes of the *gôyim* which *hôṣēʾtî* them before their eyes", "grammar": { "*wa-hăšibōtî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I withdrew/turned back", "*ʾet-yādî*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*wā-ʾaʿaś*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I acted", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for the sake of", "*šəmî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my name", "*ləbiltî*": "preposition + negative particle - to not, so as not to", "*hēḥēl*": "Niphal infinitive construct - to be profaned", "*lə-ʿênê*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct - before the eyes of", "*ha-gôyim*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the nations", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*hôṣēʾtî*": "Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - I brought out", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*lə-ʿênêhem*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - before their eyes" }, "variants": { "*hăšibōtî ʾet-yādî*": "I withdrew my hand (idiom for restraining action)", "*ʾaʿaś*": "acted, worked, did", "*ləmaʿan šəmî*": "for the sake of my name, for my reputation", "*hēḥēl*": "to be profaned, to be desecrated", "*gôyim*": "nations, gentiles, peoples", "*hôṣēʾtî*": "I brought out, I led out" } } 23 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.23", "source": "גַּם־אֲנִ֗י נָשָׂ֧אתִי אֶת־יָדִ֛י לָהֶ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לְהָפִ֤יץ אֹתָם֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם וּלְזָר֥וֹת אוֹתָ֖ם בָּאֲרָצֽוֹת", "text": "Also *ʾănî* *nāśāʾtî* my *yādî* to them in the *midbar*, *lĕhāpîṣ* them among the *gôyim* and *lĕzārôt* them in the *ʾărāṣôt*", "grammar": { "*gam*": "adverb - also, moreover", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*nāśāʾtî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I lifted/raised", "*ʾet-yādî*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*ba-midbar*": "preposition with definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness", "*lĕhāpîṣ*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to scatter", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*ba-gôyim*": "preposition with definite article + noun, masculine plural - among the nations", "*û-lĕzārôt*": "conjunction + preposition + Qal infinitive construct - and to disperse", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*bā-ʾărāṣôt*": "preposition with definite article + noun, feminine plural - in the lands" }, "variants": { "*nāśāʾtî yādî*": "lifted my hand (idiom for swearing an oath)", "*midbar*": "wilderness, desert, uninhabited land", "*lĕhāpîṣ*": "to scatter, to disperse", "*gôyim*": "nations, gentiles, peoples", "*lĕzārôt*": "to disperse, to winnow, to scatter", "*ʾărāṣôt*": "lands, countries, territories" } } 24 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.24", "source": "יַ֜עַן מִשְׁפָּטַ֤י לֹֽא־עָשׂוּ֙ וְחֻקּוֹתַ֣י מָאָ֔סוּ וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֖י חִלֵּ֑לוּ וְאַחֲרֵי֙ גִּלּוּלֵ֣י אֲבוֹתָ֔ם הָי֖וּ עֵינֵיהֶֽם", "text": "*yaʿan* my *mišpāṭay* not *ʿāśû* and my *ḥuqqôtay* they *māʾāsû* and my *šabbĕtôtay* they *ḥillēlû*, and after the *gillûlê* of their *ʾăbôtām* were their *ʿênêhem*", "grammar": { "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because, since", "*mišpāṭay*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my judgments", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they did", "*wə-ḥuqqôtay*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - and my statutes", "*māʾāsû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they rejected", "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*šabbĕtôtay*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my sabbaths", "*ḥillēlû*": "Piel perfect 3rd person common plural - they profaned", "*wə-ʾaḥărê*": "conjunction + preposition - and after", "*gillûlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - idols of", "*ʾăbôtām*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*hāyû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - were", "*ʿênêhem*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their eyes" }, "variants": { "*yaʿan*": "because, since, on account of", "*mišpāṭay*": "my judgments, ordinances, legal decisions", "*ʿāśû*": "did, performed, fulfilled", "*ḥuqqôtay*": "my statutes, my decrees, my prescribed laws", "*māʾāsû*": "rejected, despised, refused", "*šabbĕtôtay*": "my sabbaths, my rest days", "*ḥillēlû*": "profaned, desecrated, violated", "*gillûlê*": "idols of, dung-gods of (derogatory term)", "*ʾaḥărê gillûlê ʾăbôtām hāyû ʿênêhem*": "their eyes were after their fathers' idols (idiom for desiring/following idols)" } } 25 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.25", "source": "וְגַם־אֲנִי֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לָהֶ֔ם חֻקִּ֖ים לֹ֣א טוֹבִ֑ים וּמִ֨שְׁפָּטִ֔ים לֹ֥א יִֽחְי֖וּ בָּהֶֽם", "text": "And also *ʾănî* *nātattî* to them *ḥuqqîm* not *ṭôbîm* and *mišpāṭîm* not *yiḥyû* in them", "grammar": { "*wə-gam*": "conjunction + adverb - and also", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*nātattî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I gave", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*ḥuqqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - statutes", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṭôbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - good", "*û-mišpāṭîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and judgments", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yiḥyû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will live", "*bāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in them" }, "variants": { "*nātattî*": "gave, placed, established", "*ḥuqqîm*": "statutes, decrees, prescribed laws", "*ṭôbîm*": "good, beneficial, pleasant", "*mišpāṭîm*": "judgments, ordinances, legal decisions", "*yiḥyû*": "they will live, they will survive" } } 26 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.26", "source": "וָאֲטַמֵּ֤א אוֹתָם֙ בְּמַתְּנוֹתָ֔ם בְּהַעֲבִ֖יר כָּל־פֶּ֣טֶר רָ֑חַם לְמַ֣עַן אֲשִׁמֵּ֔ם לְמַ֙עַן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵֽדְע֔וּ אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה", "text": "And *ʾaṭammēʾ* them in their *mattənôtām*, in *haʿăbîr* all *peṭer rāḥam*, in order that I *ʾăšimmēm*, in order that they *yēdəʿû* that *ʾănî* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾaṭammēʾ*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 1st person singular - and I defiled/made unclean", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*bə-mattənôtām*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their gifts", "*bə-haʿăbîr*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - in causing to pass over", "*kol-peṭer*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all first opening of", "*rāḥam*": "noun, masculine singular - womb", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that", "*ʾăšimmēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I would devastate them", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that", "*yēdəʿû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they would know", "*ʾăšer*": "conjunction - that", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*ʾaṭammēʾ*": "defiled, made unclean, rendered impure", "*mattənôtām*": "their gifts, their offerings, their presents", "*haʿăbîr*": "causing to pass over/through (often refers to child sacrifice)", "*peṭer rāḥam*": "first opening of the womb, firstborn", "*ʾăšimmēm*": "devastate them, make them desolate, horrify them", "*yēdəʿû*": "know, recognize, acknowledge", "*YHWH*": "Yahweh, the LORD (divine name)" } } 27 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.27", "source": "לָכֵ֞ן דַּבֵּ֨ר אֶל־בֵּ֤ית יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בֶּן־אָדָ֔ם וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה ע֗וֹד זֹ֚את גִּדְּפ֤וּ אוֹתִי֙ אֲב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם בְּמַעֲלָ֥ם בִּ֖י מָֽעַל", "text": "Therefore *dabbēr* to the *bêt yiśrāʾēl* *ben-ʾādām*, and *ʾāmartā* to them, thus *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*: yet in this *giddĕpû* me your *ʾăbôtêkem*, in their *maʿălām* against me *māʿal*", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore, thus", "*dabbēr*": "Piel imperative masculine singular - speak!", "*ʾel-bêt*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to the house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ben-ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - son of man", "*wə-ʾāmartā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and you shall say", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus, so", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - said", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix (used as divine title) - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - yet, still, again", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*giddĕpû*": "Piel perfect 3rd person common plural - they blasphemed", "*ʾôtî*": "direct object marker with 1st person singular suffix - me", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*bə-maʿălām*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their acting treacherously", "*bî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - against me", "*māʿal*": "noun, masculine singular - treachery" }, "variants": { "*ben-ʾādām*": "son of man (addressing Ezekiel)", "*ʾădōnāy YHWH*": "the Lord YHWH/LORD (divine title and name)", "*giddĕpû*": "blasphemed, reviled, insulted", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "your fathers, your ancestors", "*maʿălām bî māʿal*": "acting treacherously against me with treachery (emphatic construction)" } } 28 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.28", "source": "וָאֲבִיאֵם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לָתֵ֥ת אוֹתָ֖הּ לָהֶ֑ם וַיִּרְאוּ֩ כָל־גִּבְעָ֨ה רָמָ֜ה וְכָל־עֵ֣ץ עָבֹ֗ת וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־שָׁ֤ם אֶת־זִבְחֵיהֶם֙ וַיִּתְּנוּ־שָׁם֙ כַּ֣עַס קָרְבָּנָ֔ם וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ שָׁ֗ם רֵ֚יחַ נִיח֣וֹחֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּסִּ֥יכוּ שָׁ֖ם אֶת־נִסְכֵּיהֶֽם", "text": "And *ʾăbîʾēm* to the *ʾāreṣ* which *nāśāʾtî* my *yādî* to give it to them, and they *yirʾû* every *gibʿāh rāmāh* and every *ʿēṣ ʿābōt* and they *yizbəḥû* there their *zibḥêhem* and they *yittənû* there the *kaʿas* of their *qorbānām* and they *yāśîmû* there the *rêaḥ* of their *nîḥôḥêhem* and they *yassîkû* there their *niskêhem*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾăbîʾēm*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and I brought them", "*ʾel-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*nāśāʾtî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I lifted/raised", "*ʾet-yādî*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*lātēt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to give", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - it", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*wa-yirʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they saw", "*kol-gibʿāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, feminine singular - every hill", "*rāmāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - high", "*wə-kol-ʿēṣ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - and every tree", "*ʿābōt*": "adjective, masculine singular - leafy, thick", "*wa-yizbəḥû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they sacrificed", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʾet-zibḥêhem*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their sacrifices", "*wa-yittənû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they gave", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*kaʿas*": "noun, masculine singular construct - provocation of", "*qorbānām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their offering", "*wa-yāśîmû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they placed", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*rêaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fragrance of", "*nîḥôḥêhem*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their soothing aroma", "*wa-yassîkû*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they poured out", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʾet-niskêhem*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their drink offerings" }, "variants": { "*ʾăbîʾēm*": "I brought them, I led them", "*nāśāʾtî yādî*": "lifted my hand (idiom for swearing an oath)", "*gibʿāh rāmāh*": "high hill (often a place of pagan worship)", "*ʿēṣ ʿābōt*": "leafy/thick tree (often associated with pagan worship)", "*yizbəḥû*": "sacrificed, slaughtered ritually", "*zibḥêhem*": "their sacrifices, their offerings", "*kaʿas qorbānām*": "provocation of their offering (offerings that provoke anger)", "*rêaḥ nîḥôḥêhem*": "fragrance of their soothing aroma (ritual term for acceptable sacrifice)", "*yassîkû*": "poured out, offered libations", "*niskêhem*": "their drink offerings, their libations" } } 29 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.29", "source": "וָאֹמַ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם מָ֣ה הַבָּמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֥ם הַבָּאִ֖ים שָׁ֑ם וַיִּקָּרֵ֤א שְׁמָהּ֙ בָּמָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה", "text": "And *ʾōmar* to them, what is the *bāmāh* which you *bāʾîm* there? And *yiqqārēʾ* its name *bāmāh* until this *yôm*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾōmar*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I said", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*māh*": "interrogative - what", "*ha-bāmāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the high place", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*ha-bāʾîm*": "definite article + Qal participle masculine plural - the ones coming", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*wa-yiqqārēʾ*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and is called", "*šəmāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its name", "*bāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - high place", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*bāmāh*": "high place, elevated place of worship", "*bāʾîm*": "coming, entering, going", "*yiqqārēʾ šəmāh*": "its name is called (passive construction)" } } 30 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.30", "source": "לָכֵ֞ן אֱמֹ֣ר ׀ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הַבְּדֶ֥רֶךְ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם אַתֶּ֣ם נִטְמְאִ֑ים וְאַחֲרֵ֥י שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶ֖ם אַתֶּ֥ם זֹנִֽים׃", "text": "*lāḵēn* *ʾĕmōr* *ʾel*-*bêṯ* *yiśrāʾēl* *kōh* *ʾāmar* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH* *habəḏereḵ* *ʾăḇôṯêḵem* *ʾattem* *niṭməʾîm* *wəʾaḥărê* *šiqqûṣêhem* *ʾattem* *zōnîm*", "grammar": { "*lāḵēn*": "adverb - therefore/thus", "*ʾĕmōr*": "imperative, masculine singular - say/speak", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*bêṯ*": "construct state, masculine singular - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/spoke", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*habəḏereḵ*": "interrogative + preposition + noun, masculine singular - in the way of?", "*ʾăḇôṯêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*niṭməʾîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - being defiled/made unclean", "*wəʾaḥărê*": "conjunction + preposition - and after", "*šiqqûṣêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their detestable things", "*zōnîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - prostituting/being unfaithful" }, "variants": { "*lāḵēn*": "therefore/consequently/for this reason", "*ʾĕmōr*": "speak/tell/command", "*bêṯ*": "house/household/dynasty/family", "*niṭməʾîm*": "becoming unclean/being defiled/making yourselves impure", "*šiqqûṣêhem*": "their abominations/detestable things/idols", "*zōnîm*": "whoring/prostituting/being unfaithful [metaphorically]" } } 31 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.31", "source": "וּבִשְׂאֵ֣ת מַתְּנֹֽתֵיכֶ֡ם בְּֽהַעֲבִיר֩ בְּנֵיכֶ֨ם בָּאֵ֜שׁ אַתֶּם֩ נִטְמְאִ֤֨ים לְכָל־גִּלּֽוּלֵיכֶם֙ עַד־הַיּ֔וֹם וַאֲנִ֛י אִדָּרֵ֥שׁ לָכֶ֖ם בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל חַי־אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה אִם־אִדָּרֵ֖שׁ לָכֶֽם׃", "text": "*ûḇiśʾēṯ* *mattənōṯêḵem* *bəhaʿăḇîr* *bənêḵem* *bāʾēš* *ʾattem* *niṭməʾîm* *ləḵol*-*gillûlêḵem* *ʿaḏ*-*hayyôm* *waʾănî* *ʾiddārēš* *lāḵem* *bêṯ* *yiśrāʾēl* *ḥay*-*ʾānî* *nəʾum* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH* *ʾim*-*ʾiddārēš* *lāḵem*", "grammar": { "*ûḇiśʾēṯ*": "conjunction + preposition + infinitive construct - and in lifting up/offering", "*mattənōṯêḵem*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your gifts/offerings", "*bəhaʿăḇîr*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - in causing to pass over", "*bənêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your sons", "*bāʾēš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - in the fire", "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*niṭməʾîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - being defiled/made unclean", "*ləḵol*": "preposition + noun - to all", "*gillûlêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your idols", "*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - until", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*waʾănî*": "conjunction + pronoun, 1st singular - and I", "*ʾiddārēš*": "niphal imperfect, 1st singular - will be inquired of/sought", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - for you", "*bêṯ*": "construct state, masculine singular - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular - living/alive", "*ʾānî*": "pronoun, 1st singular - I", "*nəʾum*": "construct noun, masculine singular - declaration of", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*ʾiddārēš*": "niphal imperfect, 1st singular - will be inquired of/sought" }, "variants": { "*ûḇiśʾēṯ*": "and in offering/and when you offer/and by presenting", "*mattənōṯêḵem*": "your gifts/your offerings/your presents", "*bəhaʿăḇîr*": "by causing to pass through/by making pass through/by offering", "*niṭməʾîm*": "becoming unclean/being defiled/making yourselves impure", "*gillûlêḵem*": "your idols/your dung-gods/your filthy things", "*ʾiddārēš*": "be inquired of/be consulted/be sought after", "*ḥay*-*ʾānî*": "as I live/by my life/as surely as I live [oath formula]", "*nəʾum*": "declaration of/utterance of/oracle of", "*ʾim*-*ʾiddārēš*": "I will not be inquired of [negative oath]" } } 32 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.32", "source": "וְהָֽעֹלָה֙ עַל־ר֣וּחֲכֶ֔ם הָי֖וֹ לֹ֣א תִֽהְיֶ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ אַתֶּ֣ם אֹמְרִ֗ים נִֽהְיֶ֤ה כַגּוֹיִם֙ כְּמִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת הָאֲרָצ֔וֹת לְשָׁרֵ֖ת עֵ֥ץ וָאָֽבֶן׃", "text": "*wəhāʿōlâ* *ʿal*-*rûḥăḵem* *hāyô* *lōʾ* *ṯihyê* *ʾăšer* *ʾattem* *ʾōmərîm* *nihyê* *ḵaggôyim* *kəmišpəḥôṯ* *hāʾărāṣôṯ* *ləšārēṯ* *ʿēṣ* *wāʾāḇen*", "grammar": { "*wəhāʿōlâ*": "conjunction + definite article + participle, feminine singular - and that which comes up", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*rûḥăḵem*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your spirit/mind", "*hāyô*": "infinitive absolute - being/happening", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṯihyê*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will be", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that/which", "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*ʾōmərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - saying", "*nihyê*": "qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we will be", "*ḵaggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - like the nations", "*kəmišpəḥôṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct - like the families/clans of", "*hāʾărāṣôṯ*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the lands/countries", "*ləšārēṯ*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to serve/minister to", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - wood/tree", "*wāʾāḇen*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and stone" }, "variants": { "*wəhāʿōlâ*": "and what comes up/and what enters/and what arises", "*rûḥăḵem*": "your spirit/your mind/your thoughts", "*hāyô* *lōʾ* *ṯihyê*": "surely will not happen/definitely will not come to pass/absolutely will not be", "*nihyê*": "let us be/we will become/we should be", "*ḵaggôyim*": "like the nations/like the gentiles/like the heathen", "*kəmišpəḥôṯ*": "like the families/like the clans/like the peoples", "*ləšārēṯ*": "to serve/to worship/to minister to", "*ʿēṣ* *wāʾāḇen*": "wood and stone [idiomatic for idols]" } }