Verse 11

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.34.11", "source": "וַיָּשׁ֙וּבוּ֙ אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַיָּשִׁ֗בוּ אֶת־הָֽעֲבָדִים֙ וְאֶת־הַשְּׁפָח֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר שִׁלְּח֖וּ חָפְשִׁ֑ים *ויכבישום **וַֽיִּכְבְּשׁ֔וּם לַעֲבָדִ֖ים וְלִשְׁפָחֽוֹת׃", "text": "And they *yāšûbû* after-thus, and they *yāšibû* *ʾet*-the *ʿăbādîm* and *ʾet*-the *šəpāḥôt* whom they *šillḥû* *ḥopšîm*, and they *yikbəšûm* for *ʿăbādîm* and for *šəpāḥôt*", "grammar": { "*yāšûbû*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - and they returned/repented", "*yāšibû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - and they brought back", "*ʿăbādîm*": "noun, masculine, plural, definite - the servants", "*šəpāḥôt*": "noun, feminine, plural, definite - the maidservants", "*šillḥû*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd common plural - they had set free", "*ḥopšîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - free", "*yikbəšûm*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and they subjected them", "*ʿăbādîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - servants/slaves", "*šəpāḥôt*": "noun, feminine, plural - maidservants/female slaves" }, "variants": { "*yāšûbû*": "they returned/they turned back/they repented", "*yāšibû*": "they brought back/they returned/they restored", "*šillḥû*": "they had set free/they had released/they had sent away", "*yikbəšûm*": "they subjected them/they forced them/they compelled them" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Men etter dette ombestemte de seg og tok tilbake slavene og slavinnene de hadde frigitt, og tvang dem å bli slaver igjen, slik de ønsket.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Men senere ombestemte de seg og tvang tjenerne og tjenestepikene, som de hadde satt fri, til å vende tilbake, og underla dem igjen til å være tjenere og tjenestepiker.

• Norsk King James

  Men senere ombestemte de seg og tok tilbake de tjenerne og tjenestepikene de hadde latt gå fri, og gjorde dem til slaver igjen, uten hensyn.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Men senere vendte de tilbake og tok de tjenere og tjenestepiker som de hadde latt gå fri, og tvang dem til å være tjenere og tjenestepiker igjen.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Men deretter vendte de om og tok tilbake sine slaver og slavinner som de hadde satt fri, og tvang dem til å være slaver igjen.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Men etterpå vendte de seg om og fikk tjenerne og tjenestepikene, som de hadde latt gå fri, til å komme tilbake, og tvang dem til å være tjenere og tjenestepiker igjen.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Men etterpå vendte de om og sørget for at de tjenere og tjenestepiker, som de hadde løslatt, ble tatt tilbake og gjort til tjenere igjen.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Men etterpå vendte de seg om og fikk tjenerne og tjenestepikene, som de hadde latt gå fri, til å komme tilbake, og tvang dem til å være tjenere og tjenestepiker igjen.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Men siden snudde de om igjen og tok tilbake de tjenerne og tjenestekvinnene de hadde gitt fri, og tvang dem til å være tjenere og tjenestekvinner igjen.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  But afterward they turned back and took back the men and women they had freed, and forced them to become slaves again.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Men senere snudde de om og tok tilbake de slavene og tjenerne de hadde frigitt, og tvang dem til å være treller og tjenestejenter igjen.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Men derefter vendte de om og toge tilbage de Tjenere og de Tjenestepiger, som de havde udladet fri, og de undertvang dem til Tjenere og til Tjenestepiger.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  But afterward they turned, and caused the servants and the handmaids, whom they had let go free, to return, and brought them into subjection for servants and for handmaids.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Men etterpå forandret de mening og tvang tjenerne og tjenestekvinnene som de hadde sluppet fri, til å vende tilbake og sette dem igjen i trelldom som tjenere og tjenestekvinner.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  But afterward they turned and forced the servants and the handmaids, whom they had let go free, to return and brought them into subjection for servants and for handmaids.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  But afterward they turned, and caused the servants and the handmaids, whom they had let go free, to return, and brought them into subjection for servants and for handmaids.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  men etterpå vendte de om og fikk tjenerne og tjenestepikene, som de hadde sluppet fri, til å komme tilbake, og tvang dem til å være treller og tjenestepiker.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Men de ombestemte seg senere og tok trellene og tjenestepikene tilbake, som de hadde frigitt, og underla dem igjen som treller og tjenestepiker.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Men etterpå snudde de, og tvang tjenerne og tjenestepikene de hadde satt fri, tilbake og gjorde dem til slaver og tjenestepiker igjen.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Men senere tok de tilbake igjen tjenerne og tjenestejentene som de hadde satt fri, og la dem igjen under åket som tjenere og tjenestejenter.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  But afterwarde they repented, & toke agayne the seruauntes and handemaydens, whom they had letten go fre, and so made them bonde agayne.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  But afterwarde they repented and caused the seruants and the handmayds, whom they had let go free, to returne, and helde them in subiection as seruants and handmayds.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  But afterwarde they repented, and toke agayne the seruauntes and handmaydens whom they had let go free, and so made them bonde agayne.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  But afterward they turned, and caused the servants and the handmaids, whom they had let go free, to return, and brought them into subjection for servants and for handmaids.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  but afterwards they turned, and caused the servants and the handmaids, whom they had let go free, to return, and brought them into subjection for servants and for handmaids.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and they turn afterwards, and cause the men-servants and the maid-servants to return, whom they had sent forth free, and they subdue them for men-servants and for maid-servants.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  but afterwards they turned, and caused the servants and the handmaids, whom they had let go free, to return, and brought them into subjection for servants and for handmaids.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  But later, they took back again the servants and the servant-girls whom they had let go free, and put them again under the yoke as servants and servant-girls.

• World English Bible (2000)

  but afterwards they turned, and caused the servants and the handmaids, whom they had let go free, to return, and brought them into subjection for servants and for handmaids.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  But later they had changed their minds. They had taken back their male and female slaves that they had freed and forced them to be slaves again.

Referenced Verses

• Exod 8:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.8", "source": "וַיֵּצֵ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה וְאַהֲרֹ֖ן מֵעִ֣ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה וַיִּצְעַ֤ק מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה עַל־דְּבַ֥ר הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֥ם לְפַרְעֹֽה׃", "text": "And *wə-yēṣēʾ* *Mōšeh* and *ʾAhărōn* from with *Parʿōh*, and *wə-yiṣʿaq* *Mōšeh* unto *YHWH* concerning *dəbar* the *ṣəpardəʿîm* which he *śām* for *Parʿōh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went out", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*wə-yiṣʿaq*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he cried out", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*dəbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - matter/word of", "*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs", "*śām*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he placed/put/appointed" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiṣʿaq*": "he cried out/called out/he prayed intensely", "*dəbar*": "matter/word/affair/case", "*śām*": "placed/put/appointed/established" } }
• Exod 8:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Exodus.8.15", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ הַֽחַרְטֻמִּים֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה אֶצְבַּ֥ע אֱלֹהִ֖ים הִ֑וא וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֙ וְלֹֽא־שָׁמַ֣ע אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס", "text": "And *wə-yōʾmərû* the *ḥarṭummîm* unto *Parʿōh*, *ʾeṣbaʿ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *hîwʾ*. And *wə-yeḥĕzaq* heart of *Parʿōh* and not-*šāmaʿ* unto them, just as *dibber* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they said", "*ḥarṭummîm*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article - the magicians/sacred scribes", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ʾeṣbaʿ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - finger of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods", "*hîwʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd feminine singular - she/it", "*wə-yeḥĕzaq*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it became strong", "*šāmaʿ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he heard/listened", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spoke/said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD" }, "variants": { "*ʾeṣbaʿ* *ʾĕlōhîm*": "finger of God/divine intervention", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*wə-yeḥĕzaq*": "became strong/hardened/was strengthened" } }
• Exod 9:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Exodus.9.28", "source": "הַעְתִּ֙ירוּ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְרַ֕ב מִֽהְיֹ֛ת קֹלֹ֥ת אֱלֹהִ֖ים וּבָרָ֑ד וַאֲשַׁלְּחָ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תֹסִפ֖וּן לַעֲמֹֽד׃", "text": "*Ha'tîrû* to-*YHWH* and-enough from-being thunders *'ĕlōhîm* and-*bārād* and-I-will-send *'etḵem* and-not *tōsip̄ûn* to-stay.", "grammar": { "*ha'tîrû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - entreat/pray/intercede", "*'el-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to Yahweh/the LORD", "*wᵊraḇ*": "conjunction + adjective - and enough/much", "*mihyōt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - from being", "*qōlōt*": "noun, masculine plural - thunders/voices", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods", "*ûḇārāḏ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and hail", "*wa'ăšallᵊḥāh*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 1st singular cohortative - and I will send away", "*'etḵem*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine plural suffix - you (plural)", "*wᵊlō'*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*tōsip̄ûn*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will continue/add", "*la'ămōḏ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to stand/stay" }, "variants": { "*ha'tîrû*": "entreat/make supplication/pray earnestly", "*raḇ*": "enough/much/sufficient/too much", "*qōlōt 'ĕlōhîm*": "thunders of God/mighty thunderings/divine thunders", "*wa'ăšallᵊḥāh*": "I will let go/I will send away/I will release", "*tōsip̄ûn la'ămōḏ*": "you will continue to stay/you will remain longer" } }
• Exod 9:34-35 : 34 { "verseID": "Exodus.9.34", "source": "וַיַּ֣רְא פַּרְעֹ֗ה כִּֽי־חָדַ֨ל הַמָּטָ֧ר וְהַבָּרָ֛ד וְהַקֹּלֹ֖ת וַיֹּ֣סֶף לַחֲטֹ֑א וַיַּכְבֵּ֥ד לִבּ֖וֹ ה֥וּא וַעֲבָדָֽיו׃", "text": "And *rāʾāh* *Parʿōh* that-*ḥādal* the-*māṭār* and-the-*bārād* and-the-*qôlôt* and *yāsap* to-*ḥāṭāʾ* and *kāvēd* *lēv*-his he and-*ʿăvādîm*-his", "grammar": { "*rāʾāh*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - saw", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ḥādal*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - ceased", "*māṭār*": "noun, masculine singular - rain", "*bārād*": "noun, masculine singular - hail", "*qôlôt*": "noun, masculine plural - thunders/voices", "*yāsap*": "Hiphil imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - continued/added", "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to sin", "*kāvēd*": "Piel imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - made heavy", "*lēv*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart", "*ʿăvādîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct - servants" }, "variants": { "*rāʾāh*": "saw/perceived/observed", "*ḥādal*": "ceased/stopped/ended", "*yāsap*": "continued/added/increased", "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "to sin/to miss the mark/to offend", "*kāvēd*": "made heavy/hardened/made insensitive", "*lēv*": "heart/mind/inner person" } } 35 { "verseID": "Exodus.9.35", "source": "וַֽיֶּחֱזַק֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שִׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ", "text": "And *ḥāzaq* *lēv* *Parʿōh* and-not *šālaḥ* *ʾet*-*bĕnê* *Yiśrāʾēl* as-which *dibbēr* *YHWH* by-*yād*-*Mōšeh*", "grammar": { "*ḥāzaq*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - was strong/strengthened", "*lēv*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*šālaḥ*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - sent away", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*dibbēr*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - spoke", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses" }, "variants": { "*ḥāzaq*": "was strong/was hardened/was strengthened", "*lēv*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*šālaḥ*": "sent away/released/let go", "*bĕnê*": "sons/children/descendants", "*dibbēr*": "spoke/said/declared", "*yād*": "hand/power/agency" } }
• Exod 10:17-20 : 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.10.17", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה שָׂ֣א נָ֤א חַטָּאתִי֙ אַ֣ךְ הַפַּ֔עַם וְהַעְתִּ֖ירוּ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם וְיָסֵר֙ מֵֽעָלַ֔י רַ֖ק אֶת־הַמָּ֥וֶת הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-ʿattāh* *śāʾ* *nāʾ* *ḥaṭṭāʾtî* *ʾak* *ha-paʿam* *wə-haʿtîrû* *la-YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* *wə-yāsēr* *mē-ʿālay* *raq* *ʾet-ha-māwet* *ha-zeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*śāʾ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - lift/carry/forgive", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtî*": "noun feminine singular with 1st common singular suffix - my sin", "*ʾak*": "adverb - only/surely", "*ha-paʿam*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - this time", "*wə-haʿtîrû*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperative masculine plural - and pray/entreat", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - to YHWH", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God", "*wə-yāsēr*": "conjunction + Hiphil jussive 3rd masculine singular - that he may remove", "*mē-ʿālay*": "preposition + preposition with 1st common singular suffix - from upon me", "*raq*": "adverb - only", "*ʾet-ha-māwet*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun masculine singular - the death", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - this" }, "variants": { "*śāʾ*": "lift/carry/forgive/bear/take away", "*haʿtîrû*": "pray/entreat/intercede", "*māwet*": "death/plague/disaster" } } 18 { "verseID": "Exodus.10.18", "source": "וַיֵּצֵ֖א מֵעִ֣ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה וַיֶּעְתַּ֖ר אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yēṣēʾ* *mē-ʿim* *parʿōh* *wa-yeʿtar* *ʾel-YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went out", "*mē-ʿim*": "preposition + preposition - from with", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*wa-yeʿtar*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he prayed/entreated", "*ʾel-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - to YHWH" }, "variants": { "*yeʿtar*": "prayed/entreated/interceded/pleaded" } } 19 { "verseID": "Exodus.10.19", "source": "וַיַּהֲפֹ֨ךְ יְהוָ֤ה רֽוּחַ־יָם֙ חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֔ד וַיִּשָּׂא֙ אֶת־הָ֣אַרְבֶּ֔ה וַיִּתְקָעֵ֖הוּ יָ֣מָּה סּ֑וּף לֹ֤א נִשְׁאַר֙ אַרְבֶּ֣ה אֶחָ֔ד בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֥וּל מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "*wa-yahăpōk* *YHWH* *rûaḥ-yām* *ḥāzāq* *məʾōd* *wa-yiśśāʾ* *ʾet-hā-ʾarbeh* *wa-yitqāʿēhû* *yāmmāh* *sûp* *lōʾ* *nišʾar* *ʾarbeh* *ʾeḥād* *bə-kōl* *gəbûl* *miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*wa-yahăpōk*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and turned", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*rûaḥ-yām*": "noun feminine singular construct + noun masculine singular - wind of the sea (west wind)", "*ḥāzāq*": "adjective masculine singular - strong", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very", "*wa-yiśśāʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it carried/lifted", "*ʾet-hā-ʾarbeh*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun masculine singular - the locusts", "*wa-yitqāʿēhû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and cast them", "*yāmmāh*": "noun masculine singular with directional he - toward the sea", "*sûp*": "proper noun - Reed (Sea)", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*nišʾar*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - remained", "*ʾarbeh*": "noun masculine singular - locust", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral masculine singular - one", "*bə-kōl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in all", "*gəbûl*": "noun masculine singular construct - territory of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*yahăpōk*": "turned/changed/reversed", "*rûaḥ-yām*": "west wind/sea wind", "*yitqāʿēhû*": "cast them/drove them/thrust them" } } 20 { "verseID": "Exodus.10.20", "source": "וַיְחַזֵּ֥ק יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְלֹ֥א שִׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ", "text": "*wa-yəḥazzēq* *YHWH* *ʾet-lēb* *parʿōh* *wə-lōʾ* *šillaḥ* *ʾet-bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəḥazzēq*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he strengthened/hardened", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾet-lēb*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct - the heart of", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šillaḥ*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent away", "*ʾet-bənê*": "direct object marker + noun masculine plural construct - the sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yəḥazzēq*": "strengthened/hardened/made strong/made firm" } }
• Exod 14:3-9 : 3 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.3", "source": "וְאָמַ֤ר פַּרְעֹה֙ לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נְבֻכִ֥ים הֵ֖ם בָּאָ֑רֶץ סָגַ֥ר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַמִּדְבָּֽר", "text": "*wə-ʾāmar* *Parʿōh* *li-ḇnê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *nəḇuḵîm* *hēm* *bā-ʾāreṣ* *sāḡar* *ʿălêhem* *ha-midbar*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾāmar*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will say", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*li-ḇnê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - concerning sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nəḇuḵîm*": "Niphal participle, masculine plural - confused/entangled", "*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they", "*bā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - in the land", "*sāḡar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has closed/shut", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*ha-midbar*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the wilderness" }, "variants": { "*wə-ʾāmar*": "and will say/and says", "*li-ḇnê*": "concerning the sons of/about the children of", "*nəḇuḵîm*": "confused/entangled/wandering aimlessly", "*bā-ʾāreṣ*": "in the land/in the country", "*sāḡar*": "has closed/has shut in/has trapped", "*ha-midbar*": "the wilderness/the desert" } } 4 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.4", "source": "וְחִזַּקְתִּ֣י אֶת־לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֮ וְרָדַ֣ף אַחֲרֵיהֶם֒ וְאִכָּבְדָ֤ה בְּפַרְעֹה֙ וּבְכָל־חֵיל֔וֹ וְיָדְע֥וּ מִצְרַ֖יִם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיּֽ͏ַעֲשׂוּ־כֵֽן", "text": "*wə-ḥizzaqtî* *ʾeṯ*-*lēḇ*-*Parʿōh* *wə-rādaph* *ʾaḥărêhem* *wə-ʾikkāḇdāh* *bə-Pharʿōh* *û-ḇəḵol*-*ḥêlô* *wə-yādəʿû* *Miṣrayim* *kî*-*ʾănî* *YHWH* *wa-yaʿăśû*-*ḵēn*", "grammar": { "*wə-ḥizzaqtî*": "conjunction + Piel perfect, 1st singular - and I will strengthen/harden", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*lēḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*wə-rādaph*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will pursue", "*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them", "*wə-ʾikkāḇdāh*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect, 1st singular cohortative - and I will be honored", "*bə-Pharʿōh*": "preposition + proper noun - through Pharaoh", "*û-ḇəḵol*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and through all", "*ḥêlô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his army", "*wə-yādəʿû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will know", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st singular - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*wa-yaʿăśû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they did", "*ḵēn*": "adverb - thus/so" }, "variants": { "*wə-ḥizzaqtî*": "and I will harden/and I will strengthen", "*wə-rādaph*": "and he will pursue/and he will chase", "*wə-ʾikkāḇdāh*": "and I will be honored/and I will gain glory", "*ḥêlô*": "his army/his forces/his host", "*wə-yādəʿû*": "and they will know/and they shall know", "*kî-ʾănî YHWH*": "that I am YHWH (the LORD)" } } 5 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.5", "source": "וַיֻּגַּד֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם כִּ֥י בָרַ֖ח הָעָ֑ם וַ֠יֵּהָפֵךְ לְבַ֨ב פַּרְעֹ֤ה וַעֲבָדָיו֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם וַיֹּֽאמרוּ֙ מַה־זֹּ֣את עָשִׂ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־שִׁלַּ֥חְנוּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵעָבְדֵֽנוּ", "text": "*wa-yuggad* *lə-meleḵ* *Miṣrayim* *kî* *bāraḥ* *hā-ʿām* *wa-yêhāpēḵ* *ləḇaḇ* *Parʿōh* *wa-ʿăḇādâw* *ʾel*-*hā-ʿām* *wa-yōmərû* *mah*-*zōṯ* *ʿāśînû* *kî*-*šillaḥnû* *ʾeṯ*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *mē-ʿāḇdēnû*", "grammar": { "*wa-yuggad*": "conjunction + Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was told", "*lə-meleḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to the king of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*bāraḥ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - had fled", "*hā-ʿām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*wa-yêhāpēḵ*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and was turned", "*ləḇaḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*wa-ʿăḇādâw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his servants", "*ʾel*": "preposition - against", "*hā-ʿām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*wa-yōmərû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*mah*": "interrogative - what", "*zōṯ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*ʿāśînû*": "Qal perfect, 1st common plural - we have done", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*šillaḥnû*": "Piel perfect, 1st common plural - we have sent away", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*mē-ʿāḇdēnû*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 1st common plural suffix - from serving us" }, "variants": { "*wa-yuggad*": "and it was told/and it was reported", "*bāraḥ*": "had fled/had escaped", "*wa-yêhāpēḵ*": "and was turned/and was changed", "*ləḇaḇ*": "heart/mind", "*wa-ʿăḇādâw*": "and his servants/and his officials", "*ʾel-hā-ʿām*": "against the people/toward the people", "*mah-zōṯ ʿāśînû*": "what is this we have done?", "*šillaḥnû*": "we have sent away/we have released/we have let go", "*mē-ʿāḇdēnû*": "from serving us/from our service" } } 6 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.6", "source": "וַיֶּאְסֹ֖ר אֶת־רִכְבּ֑וֹ וְאֶת־עַמּ֖וֹ לָקַ֥ח עִמּֽוֹ", "text": "*wa-yeʾĕsōr* *ʾeṯ*-*riḵbô* *wə-ʾeṯ*-*ʿammô* *lāqaḥ* *ʿimmô*", "grammar": { "*wa-yeʾĕsōr*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he harnessed", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*riḵbô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariot", "*wə-ʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*ʿammô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people", "*lāqaḥ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he took", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him" }, "variants": { "*wa-yeʾĕsōr*": "and he harnessed/and he prepared", "*riḵbô*": "his chariot/his chariots (collective singular)", "*ʿammô*": "his people/his army", "*lāqaḥ*": "he took/he brought" } } 7 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.7", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֗ח שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת רֶ֙כֶב֙ בָּח֔וּר וְכֹ֖ל רֶ֣כֶב מִצְרָ֑יִם וְשָׁלִשִׁ֖ם עַל־כֻּלּֽוֹ", "text": "*wa-yiqqaḥ* *šēš*-*mēʾôṯ* *reḵeḇ* *bāḥûr* *wə-ḵōl* *reḵeḇ* *Miṣrāyim* *wə-šālišim* *ʿal*-*kullô*", "grammar": { "*wa-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*šēš*-*mēʾôṯ*": "numeral - six hundred", "*reḵeḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - chariot", "*bāḥûr*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - chosen", "*wə-ḵōl*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and all", "*reḵeḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - chariots of", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*wə-šālišim*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and officers/captains", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over", "*kullô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - all of it/them" }, "variants": { "*wa-yiqqaḥ*": "and he took/and he selected", "*reḵeḇ bāḥûr*": "chosen chariots/select chariots", "*šālišim*": "officers/captains/third men (possibly chariot warriors)", "*ʿal-kullô*": "over all of them/over every one" } } 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.8", "source": "וַיְחַזֵּ֣ק יְהֹוָ֗ה אֶת־לֵ֤ב פַּרְעֹה֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיִּרְדֹּ֕ף אַחֲרֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יֹצְאִ֖ים בְּיָ֥ד רָמָֽה", "text": "*wa-yəḥazzēq* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-*lēḇ* *Parʿōh* *meleḵ* *Miṣrayim* *wa-yirdōph* *ʾaḥărê* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *û-ḇnê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *yōṣəʾîm* *bə-yād* *rāmāh*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəḥazzēq*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he strengthened/hardened", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*lēḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*wa-yirdōph*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he pursued", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*û-ḇnê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yōṣəʾîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - going out", "*bə-yād*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - with hand", "*rāmāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - high/upraised" }, "variants": { "*wa-yəḥazzēq*": "and he hardened/and he strengthened", "*wa-yirdōph*": "and he pursued/and he chased", "*yōṣəʾîm*": "going out/departing/leaving", "*bə-yād rāmāh*": "with a high hand/with an upraised hand/boldly/defiantly" } } 9 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.9", "source": "וַיִּרְדְּפ֨וּ מִצְרַ֜יִם אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם וַיַּשִׂ֤יגוּ אוֹתָם֙ חֹנִ֣ים עַל־הַיָּ֔ם כָּל־סוּס֙ רֶ֣כֶב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וּפָרָשָׁ֖יו וְחֵיל֑וֹ עַל־פִּי֙ הַֽחִירֹ֔ת לִפְנֵ֖י בַּ֥עַל צְפֹֽן", "text": "*wa-yirdəphû* *Miṣrayim* *ʾaḥărêhem* *wa-yaśśîḡû* *ʾôṯām* *ḥōnîm* *ʿal*-*ha-yām* *kol*-*sûs* *reḵeḇ* *Parʿōh* *û-phārāšâw* *wə-ḥêlô* *ʿal*-*pî* *ha-Ḥîrōṯ* *liphnê* *Baʿal* *Ṣəphōn*", "grammar": { "*wa-yirdəphû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they pursued", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them", "*wa-yaśśîḡû*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they overtook", "*ʾôṯām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*ḥōnîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - camping/encamped", "*ʿal*": "preposition - by", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all", "*sûs*": "noun, masculine singular construct - horses of", "*reḵeḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - chariots of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*û-phārāšâw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his horsemen", "*wə-ḥêlô*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his army", "*ʿal*": "preposition - by", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*ha-Ḥîrōṯ*": "article + proper noun - Pi-hahiroth", "*liphnê*": "preposition + noun, construct - before", "*Baʿal*": "proper noun - Baal", "*Ṣəphōn*": "proper noun - Zephon" }, "variants": { "*wa-yirdəphû*": "and they pursued/and they chased", "*wa-yaśśîḡû*": "and they overtook/and they caught up with", "*ḥōnîm*": "camping/encamped/dwelling", "*pî ha-Ḥîrōṯ*": "Pi-hahiroth/mouth of Hiroth", "*Baʿal Ṣəphōn*": "Baal Zephon (deity or place name)" } }
• 1 Sam 19:6-9 : 6 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.19.6", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע שָׁא֖וּל בְּק֣וֹל יְהוֹנָתָ֑ן וַיִּשָּׁבַ֣ע שָׁא֔וּל חַי־יְהוָ֖ה אִם־יוּמָֽת׃", "text": "And *wayyišmaʿ* *Šāʾûl* to the *beqôl* of *Yehônāṯān*; and *wayyiššāḇaʿ* *Šāʾûl*, \"*ḥay*-*YHWH* *ʾim*-*yûmāṯ*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyišmaʿ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he listened'", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Saul'", "*beqôl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - 'to the voice of'", "*Yehônāṯān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Jonathan'", "*wayyiššāḇaʿ*": "waw-consecutive + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he swore'", "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - 'living/as lives'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - 'LORD'", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - 'if'", "*yûmāṯ*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'he will be put to death'" }, "variants": { "*wayyišmaʿ*": "listened to/heeded/obeyed", "*beqôl*": "voice/words/advice", "*wayyiššāḇaʿ*": "swore/took an oath/vowed", "*ḥay*-*YHWH*": "as the LORD lives/by the life of the LORD", "*ʾim*-*yûmāṯ*": "he shall not be put to death (oath formula with negative implication)" } } 7 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.19.7", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֤א יְהוֹנָתָן֙ לְדָוִ֔ד וַיַּגֶּד־לוֹ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיָּבֵ֨א יְהוֹנָתָ֤ן אֶת־דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַיְהִ֥י לְפָנָ֖יו כְּאֶתְמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃", "text": "And *wayyiqrāʾ* *Yehônāṯān* to *Dāwid*, and *wayyaggeḏ*-to him *Yehônāṯān* *ʾēṯ* all-the *haddeḇārîm* *hāʾēlleh*; and *wayyāḇēʾ* *Yehônāṯān* *ʾeṯ*-*Dāwid* to *Šāʾûl*, and *wayehî* before him like *keʾeṯmôl* *šilšôm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he called'", "*Yehônāṯān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Jonathan'", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'David'", "*wayyaggeḏ*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he told'", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*haddeḇārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - 'the words/matters'", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, plural - 'these'", "*wayyāḇēʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he brought'", "*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he was'", "*keʾeṯmôl*": "preposition + noun - 'like yesterday'", "*šilšôm*": "adverb - 'three days ago/before'" }, "variants": { "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "called/summoned", "*wayyaggeḏ*": "told/reported/informed", "*haddeḇārîm*": "words/matters/things", "*wayyāḇēʾ*": "brought/led/presented", "*keʾeṯmôl* *šilšôm*": "as before/as previously/as in the past/as formerly" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.19.8", "source": "וַתּ֥וֹסֶף הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה לִֽהְי֑וֹת וַיֵּצֵ֨א דָוִ֜ד וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיַּ֤ךְ בָּהֶם֙ מַכָּ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wattôsep̄* the *hammilḥāmāh* to *lihyôṯ*; and *wayyēṣēʾ* *Dāwid* and *wayyillāḥem* against the *bappelištîm*, and *wayyak* against them *makkāh* *ḡeḏôlāh*, and *wayyānusû* from his *mippānāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wattôsep̄*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - 'and it added/continued'", "*hammilḥāmāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - 'the war/battle'", "*lihyôṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - 'to be/to happen'", "*wayyēṣēʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he went out'", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'David'", "*wayyillāḥem*": "waw-consecutive + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he fought'", "*bappelištîm*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun, masculine plural - 'against the Philistines'", "*wayyak*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he struck'", "*makkāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'blow/strike/defeat'", "*ḡeḏôlāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - 'great'", "*wayyānusû*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - 'and they fled'", "*mippānāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'from his face/presence'" }, "variants": { "*wattôsep̄*": "resumed/continued/occurred again", "*hammilḥāmāh*": "war/battle/fighting", "*wayyēṣēʾ*": "went out/marched out/set out", "*wayyillāḥem*": "fought/battled/waged war", "*makkāh*": "blow/defeat/slaughter", "*wayyānusû*": "fled/ran away/escaped" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.19.9", "source": "וַתְּהִי֩ ר֨וּחַ יְהוָ֤ה ׀ רָעָה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְהוּא֙ בְּבֵית֣וֹ יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וַחֲנִית֖וֹ בְּיָד֑וֹ וְדָוִ֖ד מְנַגֵּ֥ן בְּיָֽד׃", "text": "And *wattehî* *rûaḥ* *YHWH* *rāʿāh* upon *Šāʾûl*, and he in his *beḇêṯô* *yôšēḇ*, and his *waḥănîṯô* in his *beyāḏô*; and *Dāwid* *menaggēn* with the *beyāḏ*.", "grammar": { "*wattehî*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - 'and it was/came'", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'spirit of'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - 'LORD'", "*rāʿāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - 'evil/harmful'", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Saul'", "*beḇêṯô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'in his house'", "*yôšēḇ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - 'sitting/dwelling'", "*waḥănîṯô*": "waw-conjunction + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'and his spear'", "*beyāḏô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'in his hand'", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'David'", "*menaggēn*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - 'playing [music]'", "*beyāḏ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - 'with/by hand'" }, "variants": { "*wattehî*": "came upon/fell upon/entered", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/influence/disposition", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/harmful/troubling", "*yôšēḇ*": "sitting/staying/residing", "*menaggēn*": "playing music/playing an instrument/playing the lyre" } } 10 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.19.10", "source": "וַיְבַקֵּ֨שׁ שָׁא֜וּל לְהַכּ֤וֹת בַּֽחֲנִית֙ בְּדָוִ֣ד וּבַקִּ֔יר וַיִּפְטַר֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֖ית בַּקִּ֑יר וְדָוִ֛ד נָ֥ס וַיִּמָּלֵ֖ט בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הֽוּא׃", "text": "And *wayḇaqqēš* *Šāʾûl* to *lehakkôṯ* with the *baḥănîṯ* at *Dāwid* and at the *ûḇaqqîr*; and *wayyip̄ṭar* from *mippenê* *Šāʾûl*, and *wayyak* *ʾeṯ*-the *haḥănîṯ* into the *baqqîr*; and *Dāwid* *nās* and *wayyimmālēṭ* in the *ballaylāh* that.", "grammar": { "*wayḇaqqēš*": "waw-consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he sought'", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Saul'", "*lehakkôṯ*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - 'to strike'", "*baḥănîṯ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - 'with the spear'", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'David'", "*ûḇaqqîr*": "waw-conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'and into the wall'", "*wayyip̄ṭar*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he moved away'", "*mippenê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - 'from before/from the presence of'", "*wayyak*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he struck'", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*haḥănîṯ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - 'the spear'", "*baqqîr*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'into the wall'", "*nās*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'fled'", "*wayyimmālēṭ*": "waw-consecutive + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he escaped'", "*ballaylāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the night'" }, "variants": { "*wayḇaqqēš*": "sought/attempted/tried", "*lehakkôṯ*": "to strike/to pin/to impale", "*wayyip̄ṭar*": "slipped away/eluded/dodged", "*wayyak*": "struck/drove/pierced", "*nās*": "fled/ran away/escaped", "*wayyimmālēṭ*": "escaped/slipped away/saved himself" } } 11 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.19.11", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ שָׁא֨וּל מַלְאָכִ֜ים אֶל־בֵּ֤ית דָּוִד֙ לְשָׁמְר֔וֹ וְלַהֲמִית֖וֹ בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וַתַּגֵּ֣ד לְדָוִ֗ד מִיכַ֤ל אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אִם־אֵ֨ינְךָ֜ מְמַלֵּ֤ט אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁךָ֙ הַלַּ֔יְלָה מָחָ֖ר אַתָּ֥ה מוּמָֽת׃", "text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* *Šāʾûl* *malʾāḵîm* to the *bêṯ* of *Dāwid* to *lešāmrô* and to *laḥămîṯô* in the *babbōqer*. And *wattaggēḏ* to *Dāwid* *Mîḵal* his *ʾištô* *lēʾmōr*, \"If *ʾêneḵā* *memalēṭ* *ʾeṯ*-your *nap̄šeḵā* *hallaylāh*, tomorrow you *mûmāṯ*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he sent'", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Saul'", "*malʾāḵîm*": "noun, masculine plural - 'messengers'", "*bêṯ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'house of'", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'David'", "*lešāmrô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'to watch him'", "*laḥămîṯô*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'to kill him'", "*babbōqer*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the morning'", "*wattaggēḏ*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - 'and she told'", "*Mîḵal*": "proper noun, feminine singular - 'Michal'", "*ʾištô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his wife'", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - 'saying'", "*ʾêneḵā*": "particle of negation with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'you are not'", "*memalēṭ*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - 'saving/delivering'", "*nap̄šeḵā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your life/soul'", "*hallaylāh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'the night'", "*mûmāṯ*": "Hophal participle, masculine singular - 'put to death'" }, "variants": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "sent/dispatched", "*malʾāḵîm*": "messengers/agents/men", "*lešāmrô*": "to watch him/to guard him/to observe him", "*laḥămîṯô*": "to kill him/to execute him/to put him to death", "*wattaggēḏ*": "told/informed/warned", "*memalēṭ*": "save/rescue/deliver", "*nap̄šeḵā*": "your life/your soul/yourself", "*mûmāṯ*": "put to death/executed/killed" } }
• 1 Sam 24:19 : 19 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.19", "source": "*ואת **וְאַתָּה֙ הִגַּ֣דְתָּ הַיּ֔וֹם אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֥יתָה אִתִּ֖י טוֹבָ֑ה אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר סִגְּרַ֧נִי יְהוָ֛ה בְּיָדְךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א הֲרַגְתָּֽנִי׃", "text": "And you *higgadtā* *hayyôm* *ʾēt* which *ʿāśîtâ* with me *ṭôbâ* *ʾēt* which *siggeranî* *YHWH* in your hand and not *hăragtānî*", "grammar": { "*higgadtā*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular, Hiphil stem - you have declared/told", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*ʿāśîtâ*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have done", "*ṭôbâ*": "noun, feminine singular - good", "*siggeranî*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix, Piel stem - he delivered me", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*hăragtānî*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - you killed me" }, "variants": { "*higgadtā*": "declared/told/shown/revealed", "*ʿāśîtâ*": "done/dealt/performed", "*ṭôbâ*": "good/goodness/kindness", "*siggeranî*": "delivered me/confined me/handed me over", "*hăragtānî*": "killed me/slew me (negated: did not kill me)" } }
• 1 Sam 26:21 : 21 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.26.21", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֩ שָׁא֨וּל חָטָ֜אתִי שׁ֣וּב בְּנִֽי־דָוִ֗ד כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אָרַ֤ע לְךָ֙ ע֔וֹד תַּ֠חַת אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָקְרָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֛י בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה הִנֵּ֥ה הִסְכַּ֛לְתִּי וָאֶשְׁגֶּ֖ה הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl*: *ḥāṭāʾṯî*. *šûḇ* my son *dāwiḏ*, for not *ʾāraʿ* to you again, *taḥaṯ* *ʾăšer* *yāqrâ* my *nap̄šî* in your *ʿêneḵā* this *hayyôm*. *hinnēh* *hiskalttî* and *wāʾešgeh* *harbēh* *mәʾōḏ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*šāʾûl*": "Proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*ḥāṭāʾṯî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I have sinned", "*šûḇ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - return", "*dāwiḏ*": "Proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʾāraʿ*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular - I will do harm", "*taḥaṯ*": "Preposition - because", "*ʾăšer*": "Relative pronoun - that", "*yāqrâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - was precious", "*nap̄šî*": "Noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my life/soul", "*ʿêneḵā*": "Noun dual construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix and prefixed preposition - in your eyes", "*hayyôm*": "Noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*hinnēh*": "Demonstrative particle - behold", "*hiskalttî*": "Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - I have acted foolishly", "*wāʾešgeh*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I have erred", "*harbēh*": "Verb, Hiphil infinitive absolute functioning as adverb - greatly", "*mәʾōḏ*": "Adverb - very" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "said/spoke", "*ḥāṭāʾṯî*": "I have sinned/I have done wrong", "*šûḇ*": "return/come back", "*ʾāraʿ*": "I will do harm/I will hurt/I will injure", "*taḥaṯ*": "because/on account of", "*yāqrâ*": "was precious/was valuable", "*nap̄šî*": "my life/my soul/myself", "*ʿêneḵā*": "in your eyes/in your sight", "*hayyôm*": "the day/today", "*hinnēh*": "behold/look", "*hiskalttî*": "I have acted foolishly/I have been a fool", "*wāʾešgeh*": "and I have erred/and I have gone astray", "*harbēh*": "greatly/exceedingly", "*mәʾōḏ*": "very/extremely" } }
• Ps 36:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.36.3", "source": "כִּֽי־הֶחֱלִ֣יק אֵלָ֣יו בְּעֵינָ֑יו לִמְצֹ֖א עֲוֺנ֣וֹ לִשְׂנֹֽא׃", "text": "For *heḥĕlîq* to him in *ʿênāyw* to *mᵊṣōʾ* *ʿăwōnô* to *śᵊnōʾ*", "grammar": { "*heḥĕlîq*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he made smooth/flattered", "*ʿênāyw*": "feminine, dual construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix (his) with prefixed preposition בְּ (in)", "*mᵊṣōʾ*": "qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition לְ (to/for) - to find", "*ʿăwōnô*": "masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix (his) - his iniquity", "*śᵊnōʾ*": "qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition לְ (to/for) - to hate" }, "variants": { "*heḥĕlîq*": "flattered/made smooth/deceived", "*ʿênāyw*": "his eyes/in his sight", "*mᵊṣōʾ*": "to find/discover", "*ʿăwōnô*": "his iniquity/guilt/sin", "*śᵊnōʾ*": "to hate/abhor" } }
• Ps 78:34-36 : 34 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.34", "source": "אִם־הֲרָגָ֥ם וּדְרָשׁ֑וּהוּ וְ֝שָׁ֗בוּ וְשִֽׁחֲרוּ־אֵֽל׃", "text": "if-*hărāgām* *ûdərāšûhû* *wə-šābû* *wə-šiḥărû*-*ʾēl*", "grammar": { "*hărāgām*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - he killed them", "*ûdərāšûhû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they sought him", "*wə-šābû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - and they returned/repented", "*wə-šiḥărû*": "conjunction + Piel perfect 3rd masculine plural - and they sought earnestly", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/deity" }, "variants": { "*hărāgām*": "killed them/slew them", "*dərāšûhû*": "sought him/inquired of him/consulted him", "*šābû*": "returned/repented/turned back", "*šiḥărû*": "sought early/sought earnestly/diligently sought" } } 35 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.35", "source": "וַֽ֭יִּזְכְּרוּ כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֣ים צוּרָ֑ם וְאֵ֥ל עֶ֝לְיוֹן גֹּאֲלָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yizkərû* that-*ʾĕlōhîm* *ṣûrām* and-*ʾēl* *ʿelyōn* *gōʾălām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yizkərû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they remembered", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*ṣûrām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rock", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/deity", "*ʿelyōn*": "masculine singular adjective - high/most high", "*gōʾălām*": "Qal participle masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their redeemer" }, "variants": { "*ṣûrām*": "their rock/their stronghold/their refuge", "*ʿelyōn*": "Most High/highest", "*gōʾălām*": "their redeemer/their kinsman-redeemer" } } 36 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.36", "source": "וַיְפַתּ֥וּהוּ בְּפִיהֶ֑ם וּ֝בִלְשׁוֹנָ֗ם יְכַזְּבוּ־לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yəphattûhû* with-*pîhem* and-with-*lišōnām* *yəkazzəbû*-to-him", "grammar": { "*wə-yəphattûhû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix with waw consecutive - and they deceived/enticed him", "*pîhem*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their mouth", "*lišōnām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their tongue", "*yəkazzəbû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they lied/deceived" }, "variants": { "*yəphattûhû*": "deceived him/enticed him/seduced him", "*yəkazzəbû*": "lied/deceived/dealt falsely" } }
• Ps 125:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.125.5", "source": "וְהַמַּטִּ֤ים עַֽקַלְקַלּוֹתָ֗ם יוֹלִיכֵ֣ם יְ֭הוָה אֶת־פֹּעֲלֵ֣י הָאָ֑וֶן שָׁ֝ל֗וֹם עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*Wə*-*hammaṭṭîm* *ʿăqalqallôtām* *yôlîkēm* *YHWH* with-*pōʿălê* *hāʾāwen*. *Šālôm* upon-*Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and/but", "*hammaṭṭîm*": "hiphil participle, masculine plural with definite article - those who turn aside/bend", "*ʿăqalqallôtām*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their crooked ways", "*yôlîkēm*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he will lead them away", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*pōʿălê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - workers/doers of", "*hāʾāwen*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - iniquity/wickedness/trouble", "*Šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*hammaṭṭîm*": "those who turn aside/those who bend/those who pervert", "*ʿăqalqallôtām*": "their crooked ways/their devious paths/their twisted paths", "*yôlîkēm*": "he will lead them away/he will cause them to go/he will make them walk", "*pōʿălê hāʾāwen*": "workers of iniquity/evildoers/those who practice wickedness", "*Šālôm*": "peace/well-being/prosperity/completeness" } }
• Prov 26:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Proverbs.26.11", "source": "כְּ֭כֶלֶב שָׁ֣ב עַל־קֵא֑וֹ כְּ֝סִ֗יל שׁוֹנֶ֥ה בְאִוַּלְתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "Like-*kelev* *shav* to-*qeo*, *kesil* *shoneh* in-*ivvalto*.", "grammar": { "*ke*": "preposition - like/as", "*kelev*": "noun, masculine, singular - dog", "*shav*": "verb, Qal active participle, masculine singular - returning", "*al*": "preposition - to", "*qeo*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his vomit", "*kesil*": "noun, masculine, singular - fool", "*shoneh*": "verb, Qal active participle, masculine singular - repeating", "*be*": "preposition - in", "*ivvalto*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his folly" }, "variants": { "*kelev*": "dog", "*shav*": "returning/going back", "*qeo*": "his vomit", "*kesil*": "fool/stupid person", "*shoneh*": "repeating/doing again", "*ivvalto*": "his folly/his stupidity" } }
• Eccl 8:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.8.11", "source": "אֲשֶׁר֙ אֵין־נַעֲשָׂ֣ה פִתְגָ֔ם מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה הָרָעָ֖ה מְהֵרָ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֡ן מָלֵ֞א לֵ֧ב בְּֽנֵי־הָאָדָ֛ם בָּהֶ֖ם לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת רָֽע׃", "text": "*ʾăšer* not-*naʿăśāh* *pitgām* *maʿăśēh* the-*rāʿāh* *mĕhērāh* upon-thus *mālēʾ* *lēb* *bĕnê*-the-*ʾādām* in-them to-do *rāʿ*", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - because/when", "*naʿăśāh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is executed/is carried out", "*pitgām*": "noun, masculine singular - sentence/decree", "*maʿăśēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - deed of", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/wickedness", "*mĕhērāh*": "adverb - quickly/speedily", "*mālēʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is full", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad" }, "variants": { "*naʿăśāh*": "is executed/is carried out/is done", "*pitgām*": "sentence/decree/edict", "*maʿăśēh*": "deed/work/action", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/wickedness/wrong", "*mĕhērāh*": "quickly/speedily/swiftly", "*mālēʾ*": "is full/is filled/abounds", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*bĕnê*": "sons/children", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/humanity", "*rāʿ*": "evil/wrong/wicked thing" } }
• Jer 34:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.34.21", "source": "וְאֶת־צִדְקִיָּ֨הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֜ה וְאֶת־שָׂרָ֗יו אֶתֵּן֙ בְּיַ֣ד אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם וּבְיַ֖ד מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י נַפְשָׁ֑ם וּבְיַ֗ד\n חֵ֚יל מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל הָעֹלִ֖ים מֵעֲלֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *ʾet*-*ṣidqiyyāhû* *melek*-*yəhûdāh* and *ʾet*-his *śārāyw* I *ʾettēn* into *yad* their *ʾōyəbêhem* and into *yad* *məbaqšê* their *napšām*, and into *yad* *ḥêl* *melek* *bābel* the *ʿōlîm* from upon you", "grammar": { "*ṣidqiyyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine - Zedekiah", "*melek*": "noun, masculine, construct - king of", "*yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*śārāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his officials", "*ʾettēn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st common singular - I will give", "*yad*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - hand of", "*ʾōyəbêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*yad*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - hand of", "*məbaqšê*": "verb, piel participle, masculine plural, construct - seekers of", "*napšām*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their life", "*yad*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - hand of", "*ḥêl*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - army of", "*melek*": "noun, masculine, construct - king of", "*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*ʿōlîm*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural, definite - the ones going up" }, "variants": { "*śārāyw*": "his officials/his princes/his nobles", "*ʾettēn*": "I will give/I will deliver/I will hand over", "*ʾōyəbêhem*": "their enemies/their foes", "*məbaqšê*": "seekers of/those who seek", "*napšām*": "their life/their soul/their breath", "*ḥêl*": "army/force/strength", "*ʿōlîm*": "the ones going up/the ones withdrawing/the ones departing" } }
• Jer 37:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.37.5", "source": "וְחֵ֥יל פַּרְעֹ֖ה יָצָ֣א מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַיִּשְׁמְע֨וּ הַכַּשְׂדִּ֜ים הַצָּרִ֤ים עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֶת־שִׁמְעָ֔ם וַיֵּ֣עָל֔וּ מֵעַ֖ל יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃ פ", "text": "And-*ḥêl* *Parʿōh* *yāṣāʾ* from-*Miṣrayim* and-*wayyišməʿû* the-*Kaśdîm* the-*ṣārîm* on-*Yərûšālaim* *ʾet*-*šimʿām* and-*wayyēʿālû* from-on *Yərûšālāʾim*.", "grammar": { "*ḥêl*": "masculine singular construct - army of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*yāṣāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - went out/marched out", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*wayyišməʿû*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they heard", "*Kaśdîm*": "proper noun with definite article - the Chaldeans", "*ṣārîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural with definite article - the ones besieging", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ʾet*-*šimʿām*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their report", "*wayyēʿālû*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they went up/withdrew", "פ": "paragraph marker" }, "variants": { "*ṣārîm*": "besieging/encamping against", "*šimʿām*": "report of them/news about them", "*wayyēʿālû* from-on": "withdrew from/went up from" } }
• Hos 6:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Hosea.6.4", "source": "מָ֤ה אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לְּךָ֙ אֶפְרַ֔יִם מָ֥ה אֶעֱשֶׂה־לְּךָ֖ יְהוּדָ֑ה וְחַסְדְּכֶם֙ כַּֽעֲנַן־בֹּ֔קֶר וְכַטַּ֖ל מַשְׁכִּ֥ים הֹלֵֽךְ׃", "text": "What *ʾe'ĕśeh*-to-you *ʾep̄rayim*, what *ʾe'ĕśeh*-to-you *yәhûḏāh*? And-*ḥasdәḵem* like-*'ănan*-*bōqer* and-like-the-*ṭal* *maškîm* *hōlēḵ*", "grammar": { "*ʾe'ĕśeh*": "imperfect, 1st person singular - I shall do", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*yәhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ḥasdәḵem*": "noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your loyalty/devotion", "*'ănan*": "construct noun, masculine singular - cloud of", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning", "*ṭal*": "noun, masculine singular - dew", "*maškîm*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - rising early", "*hōlēḵ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - going/disappearing" }, "variants": { "*ḥasdәḵem*": "your loyalty/your faithfulness/your loving-kindness/your covenant faithfulness", "*'ănan*": "cloud/mist", "*maškîm*": "early-rising/early-appearing", "*hōlēḵ*": "goes away/disappears/departs" } }
• Hos 7:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Hosea.7.16", "source": "יָשׁ֣וּבוּ ׀ לֹ֣א עָ֗ל הָיוּ֙ כְּקֶ֣שֶׁת רְמִיָּ֔ה יִפְּל֥וּ בַחֶ֛רֶב שָׂרֵיהֶ֖ם מִזַּ֣עַם לְשׁוֹנָ֑ם ז֥וֹ לַעְגָּ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "*yāšûḇû* *lōʾ* *ʿāl* *hāyû* like *qešeṯ* *rəmîyâ* *yippəlû* by *ḥereḇ* *śārêhem* from *zaʿam* *ləšônām* this *laʿgām* in *ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*yāšûḇû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they return/turn", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʿāl*": "noun, masculine singular - height/Most High", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they were/have become", "*qešeṯ*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix *kə* - like a bow", "*rəmîyâ*": "noun, feminine singular - deceit/treachery", "*yippəlû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will fall", "*ḥereḇ*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix *ba* - by the sword", "*śārêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their princes", "*zaʿam*": "noun, masculine singular with prefix *min* - from the rage/indignation", "*ləšônām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their tongue", "*zô*": "demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - this", "*laʿgām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their derision/mockery", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct with prefix *bə* - in the land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*yāšûḇû*": "return/turn/repent", "*ʿāl*": "height/Most High/upward", "*rəmîyâ*": "deceit/treachery/slackness", "*yippəlû*": "fall/be killed/be overthrown", "*zaʿam*": "rage/indignation/curse", "*laʿgām*": "their derision/mockery/scorn" } }
• Zeph 1:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.1.6", "source": "וְאֶת־הַנְּסוֹגִ֖ים מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַאֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־בִקְשׁ֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א דְרָשֻֽׁהוּ׃", "text": "*wəʾeṯ*-*hannəsôḡîm* from-*ʾaḥărê* *YHWH*, *waʾăšer* not-*ḇiqšû* *ʾeṯ*-*YHWH* and-not *ḏərāšuhû*.", "grammar": { "*wəʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*hannəsôḡîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones turning back/departing", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition with construct - from after/from following", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*waʾăšer*": "conjunction + relative particle - and who", "*ḇiqšû*": "piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they have sought", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ḏərāšuhû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - they have inquired of him" }, "variants": { "*hannəsôḡîm*": "the ones turning back/departing/withdrawing/retreating", "*ḇiqšû*": "sought/searched for/inquired about", "*ḏərāšuhû*": "inquired of him/sought him/consulted him" } }
• Matt 12:43-45 : 43 { "verseID": "Matthew.12.43", "source": "Ὅταν δὲ τὸ ἀκάθαρτον πνεῦμα ἐξέλθῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, διέρχεται διʼ ἀνύδρων τόπων, ζητοῦν ἀνάπαυσιν, καὶ οὐχ εὑρίσκει.", "text": "When *de* the *akatharton pneuma* *exelthē* from the *anthrōpou*, *dierchetai* through *anudrōn topōn*, *zētoun anapausin*, and not *heuriskei*.", "grammar": { "*Ὅταν*": "temporal conjunction - when/whenever", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "*akatharton*": "neuter, singular, accusative - unclean/impure", "*pneuma*": "neuter, singular, accusative - spirit/breath", "*exelthē*": "aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular - might go out/depart", "*anthrōpou*": "masculine, singular, genitive - of man/person", "*dierchetai*": "present indicative, middle, 3rd singular - passes through/traverses", "*anudrōn*": "genitive, plural, neuter - waterless/dry", "*topōn*": "genitive, plural, masculine - places/regions", "*zētoun*": "present participle, neuter, singular, nominative - seeking", "*anapausin*": "feminine, singular, accusative - rest/repose", "*heuriskei*": "present indicative, 3rd singular - finds/discovers" }, "variants": { "*pneuma*": "spirit/breath/wind", "*exelthē*": "goes out/departs/exits", "*dierchetai*": "passes through/traverses/goes about", "*anudrōn*": "waterless/arid/desert", "*topōn*": "places/regions/locations", "*anapausin*": "rest/repose/relief" } } 44 { "verseID": "Matthew.12.44", "source": "Τότε λέγει, Ἐπιστρέψω εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου ὅθεν ἐξῆλθον· καὶ ἐλθὸν, εὑρίσκει σχολάζοντα, σεσαρωμένον, καὶ κεκοσμημένον.", "text": "Then *legei*, *Epistrepsō* into the *oikon* of me from where *exēlthon*; and *elthon*, *heuriskei* *scholazonta*, *sesarōmenon*, and *kekosmēmenon*.", "grammar": { "*Τότε*": "adverb - then/at that time", "*legei*": "present indicative, 3rd singular - says/speaks", "*Epistrepsō*": "future indicative, 1st singular - I will return", "*oikon*": "masculine, singular, accusative - house/home/dwelling", "*mou*": "genitive, 1st person singular pronoun - of me/my", "*ὅθεν*": "relative adverb - from where/whence", "*exēlthon*": "aorist indicative, 1st singular - I went out/departed", "*elthon*": "aorist participle, neuter, singular, nominative - having come", "*heuriskei*": "present indicative, 3rd singular - finds/discovers", "*scholazonta*": "present participle, masculine, singular, accusative - being empty/vacant", "*sesarōmenon*": "perfect participle, passive, masculine, singular, accusative - having been swept", "*kekosmēmenon*": "perfect participle, passive, masculine, singular, accusative - having been adorned/put in order" }, "variants": { "*legei*": "says/speaks/tells", "*Epistrepsō*": "I will return/turn back/come back", "*oikon*": "house/home/dwelling/household", "*exēlthon*": "I went out/departed/left", "*elthon*": "having come/arrived/returned", "*scholazonta*": "being empty/vacant/unoccupied", "*sesarōmenon*": "having been swept/cleaned", "*kekosmēmenon*": "having been adorned/decorated/put in order" } } 45 { "verseID": "Matthew.12.45", "source": "Τότε πορεύεται, καὶ παραλαμβάνει μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ ἑπτὰ ἕτερα πνεύματα πονηρότερα ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ εἰσελθόντα κατοικεῖ ἐκεῖ: καὶ γίνεται τὰ ἔσχατα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκείνου χείρονα τῶν πρώτων. Οὕτως ἔσται καὶ τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ τῇ πονηρᾷ.", "text": "Then *poreuetai*, and *paralambanei* with *heautou* seven *hetera pneumata ponērotera heautou*, and *eiselthonta katoikei* there: and *ginetai* the *eschata* of the *anthrōpou ekinou cheirona* than the *prōtōn*. Thus *estai* also to the *genea tautē tē ponēra*.", "grammar": { "*poreuetai*": "present indicative, middle, 3rd singular - goes/proceeds", "*paralambanei*": "present indicative, 3rd singular - takes along/brings", "*heautou*": "reflexive pronoun, genitive - of itself/himself", "*hepta*": "numeral - seven", "*hetera*": "neuter, plural, accusative - other/different", "*pneumata*": "neuter, plural, accusative - spirits", "*ponērotera*": "comparative adjective, neuter, plural, accusative - more evil/wicked", "*eiselthonta*": "aorist participle, neuter, plural, nominative - having entered", "*katoikei*": "present indicative, 3rd singular - dwells/inhabits", "*ginetai*": "present indicative, middle, 3rd singular - becomes/happens", "*eschata*": "neuter, plural, nominative - last states/conditions", "*anthrōpou*": "masculine, singular, genitive - of man/person", "*ekinou*": "demonstrative, masculine, singular, genitive - that/that one", "*cheirona*": "comparative adjective, neuter, plural, nominative - worse", "*prōtōn*": "adjective, neuter, plural, genitive - of the first/former", "*estai*": "future indicative, 3rd singular - will be", "*genea*": "feminine, singular, dative - generation", "*tautē*": "demonstrative, feminine, singular, dative - this", "*ponēra*": "adjective, feminine, singular, dative - evil/wicked" }, "variants": { "*poreuetai*": "goes/proceeds/journeys", "*paralambanei*": "takes along/brings with/takes in charge", "*hetera*": "other/different/another kind of", "*pneumata*": "spirits/breaths/winds", "*ponērotera*": "more evil/wicked/malicious", "*eiselthonta*": "having entered/gone in", "*katoikei*": "dwells/inhabits/resides", "*ginetai*": "becomes/happens/comes to be", "*eschata*": "last states/final conditions/end", "*cheirona*": "worse/more severe/more difficult", "*genea*": "generation/race/age" } }
• Rom 2:4-5 : 4 { "verseID": "Romans.2.4", "source": "Ἢ τοῦ πλούτου τῆς χρηστότητος αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς ἀνοχῆς καὶ τῆς μακροθυμίας καταφρονεῖς· ἀγνοῶν ὅτι τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰς μετάνοιάν σε ἄγει;", "text": "Or the *ploutou* of the *chrēstotētos* of him and of the *anochēs* and of the *makrothymias* you *kataphroneis*; *agnoōn* that the *chrēston* of *Theos* to *metanoian* you *agei*?", "grammar": { "*ploutou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - riches/wealth", "*chrēstotētos*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - kindness/goodness", "*anochēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - forbearance/tolerance", "*makrothymias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - patience/longsuffering", "*kataphroneis*": "verb, present indicative, 2nd person singular - you despise/think down on", "*agnoōn*": "participle, present active, nominative, masculine, singular - not knowing/being ignorant", "*chrēston*": "adjective, nominative, neuter, singular - goodness/kindness", "*Theos*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*metanoian*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - repentance/change of mind", "*agei*": "verb, present indicative, 3rd person singular - leads/brings" }, "variants": { "*ploutou*": "riches/wealth/abundance", "*chrēstotētos*": "kindness/goodness/benevolence", "*anochēs*": "forbearance/tolerance/patience", "*makrothymias*": "patience/longsuffering/forbearance", "*kataphroneis*": "despise/think little of/disregard", "*agnoōn*": "not knowing/being ignorant/failing to recognize", "*chrēston*": "goodness/kindness/benevolence", "*metanoian*": "repentance/change of mind/turning" } } 5 { "verseID": "Romans.2.5", "source": "Κατὰ δὲ τὴν σκληρότητά σου καὶ ἀμετανόητον καρδίαν θησαυρίζεις σεαυτῷ ὀργὴν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως δικαιοκρισίας τοῦ Θεοῦ·", "text": "But according to the *sklērotēta* of you and *ametanoēton* *kardian* you *thēsaurizeis* for *seautō* *orgēn* in day of *orgēs* and *apokalypsēōs* *dikaiokriasias* of *Theos*;", "grammar": { "*sklērotēta*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - hardness/stubbornness", "*ametanoēton*": "adjective, accusative, feminine, singular - unrepentant/impenitent", "*kardian*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - heart", "*thēsaurizeis*": "verb, present indicative, 2nd person singular - you store up/treasure up", "*seautō*": "reflexive pronoun, dative, masculine, singular - for yourself", "*orgēn*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - wrath/anger", "*orgēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - of wrath/anger", "*apokalypsēōs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - revelation/disclosure", "*dikaiokriasias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - righteous judgment", "*Theos*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - God" }, "variants": { "*sklērotēta*": "hardness/stubbornness/obstinacy", "*ametanoēton*": "unrepentant/impenitent/refusing to change mind", "*kardian*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*thēsaurizeis*": "store up/treasure up/accumulate", "*orgēn*": "wrath/anger/indignation", "*apokalypsēōs*": "revelation/disclosure/uncovering", "*dikaiokriasias*": "righteous judgment/just verdict" } }
• 2 Pet 2:20-22 : 20 { "verseID": "2 Peter.2.20", "source": "Εἰ γὰρ ἀποφυγόντες τὰ μιάσματα τοῦ κόσμου ἐν ἐπιγνώσει τοῦ Κυρίου καὶ Σωτῆρος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τούτοις δὲ πάλιν ἐμπλακέντες ἡττῶνται, γέγονεν, αὐτοῖς τὰ ἔσχατα χείρονα τῶν πρώτων.", "text": "*Ei gar apophygontes ta miasmata tou kosmou en epignōsei tou Kyriou kai Sōtēros Iēsou Christou, toutois de palin emplakentes hēttōntai, gegonen autois ta eschata cheirona tōn prōtōn*.", "grammar": { "*Ei*": "conditional conjunction - 'if'", "*gar*": "postpositive particle - 'for'", "*apophygontes*": "aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine - 'having escaped'", "*ta miasmata*": "accusative plural neuter - 'the defilements'", "*tou kosmou*": "genitive singular masculine - 'of the world'", "*en epignōsei*": "preposition with dative singular feminine - 'in knowledge'", "*tou Kyriou*": "genitive singular masculine - 'of the Lord'", "*kai*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*Sōtēros*": "genitive singular masculine - 'Savior'", "*Iēsou Christou*": "genitive singular masculine - 'Jesus Christ'", "*toutois*": "dative plural neuter - 'by these'", "*de*": "postpositive particle - 'but/and'", "*palin*": "adverb - 'again'", "*emplakentes*": "aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine - 'having been entangled'", "*hēttōntai*": "present indicative passive, 3rd plural - 'they are overcome'", "*gegonen*": "perfect indicative active, 3rd singular - 'it has become'", "*autois*": "dative plural masculine - 'for them'", "*ta eschata*": "nominative plural neuter - 'the last things'", "*cheirona*": "nominative/accusative plural neuter comparative - 'worse'", "*tōn prōtōn*": "genitive plural neuter - 'than the first things'" }, "variants": { "*apophygontes*": "having escaped/fled from/avoided", "*miasmata*": "defilements/pollutions/contaminations", "*kosmou*": "world/universe/realm", "*epignōsei*": "knowledge/recognition/full knowledge", "*Kyriou*": "Lord/Master", "*Sōtēros*": "Savior/Deliverer/Preserver", "*palin*": "again/once more/back", "*emplakentes*": "having been entangled/ensnared/caught up in", "*hēttōntai*": "they are overcome/defeated/conquered", "*gegonen*": "it has become/happened/turned out", "*eschata*": "last things/last state/final condition", "*cheirona*": "worse/more severe/more evil", "*prōtōn*": "first things/initial state/beginning" } } 21 { "verseID": "2 Peter.2.21", "source": "Κρεῖττον γὰρ ἦν αὐτοῖς μὴ ἐπεγνωκέναι τὴν ὁδὸν τῆς δικαιοσύνης, ἢ, ἐπιγνοῦσιν, ἐπιστρέψαι ἐκ τῆς παραδοθείσης αὐτοῖς ἁγίας ἐντολῆς.", "text": "*Kreitton gar ēn autois mē epegnōkenai tēn hodon tēs dikaiosynēs, ē, epignousin, epistrepsai ek tēs paradotheisēs autois hagias entolēs*.", "grammar": { "*Kreitton*": "nominative singular neuter comparative - 'better'", "*gar*": "postpositive particle - 'for'", "*ēn*": "imperfect indicative active, 3rd singular - 'it was'", "*autois*": "dative plural masculine - 'for them'", "*mē*": "negative particle - 'not'", "*epegnōkenai*": "perfect active infinitive - 'to have known'", "*tēn hodon*": "accusative singular feminine - 'the way'", "*tēs dikaiosynēs*": "genitive singular feminine - 'of righteousness'", "*ē*": "comparative particle - 'than'", "*epignousin*": "aorist active participle, dative plural masculine - 'having known'", "*epistrepsai*": "aorist active infinitive - 'to turn back'", "*ek*": "preposition - 'from'", "*tēs paradotheisēs*": "aorist passive participle, genitive singular feminine - 'having been delivered'", "*autois*": "dative plural masculine - 'to them'", "*hagias*": "genitive singular feminine - 'holy'", "*entolēs*": "genitive singular feminine - 'commandment'" }, "variants": { "*Kreitton*": "better/superior/preferable", "*epegnōkenai*": "to have known/fully recognized/understood", "*hodon*": "way/path/road", "*dikaiosynēs*": "righteousness/justice/righteous conduct", "*epignousin*": "having known/recognized/understood", "*epistrepsai*": "to turn back/return/turn away", "*paradotheisēs*": "having been delivered/handed down/transmitted", "*hagias*": "holy/sacred/set apart", "*entolēs*": "commandment/instruction/order" } } 22 { "verseID": "2 Peter.2.22", "source": "Συμβέβηκεν δὲ αὐτοῖς τὸ τῆς ἀληθοῦς παροιμίας, Κύων ἐπιστρέψας ἐπὶ τὸ ἴδιον ἐξέραμα· καί ὗς λουσαμένη εἰς κὺλισμα βορβόρου.", "text": "*Symbebēken de autois to tēs alēthous paroimias, Kyōn epistrepsas epi to idion exerama; kai hys lousamenē eis kylisma borborou*.", "grammar": { "*Symbebēken*": "perfect indicative active, 3rd singular - 'has happened'", "*de*": "postpositive particle - 'but/and'", "*autois*": "dative plural masculine - 'to them'", "*to*": "nominative singular neuter article - 'the'", "*tēs alēthous*": "genitive singular feminine - 'of the true'", "*paroimias*": "genitive singular feminine - 'proverb'", "*Kyōn*": "nominative singular masculine - 'dog'", "*epistrepsas*": "aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine - 'having returned'", "*epi*": "preposition - 'to'", "*to idion*": "accusative singular neuter - 'its own'", "*exerama*": "accusative singular neuter - 'vomit'", "*kai*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*hys*": "nominative singular feminine - 'sow'", "*lousamenē*": "aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine - 'having washed herself'", "*eis*": "preposition - 'to/into'", "*kylisma*": "accusative singular neuter - 'wallowing place'", "*borborou*": "genitive singular masculine - 'of mud'" }, "variants": { "*Symbebēken*": "has happened/befallen/occurred", "*alēthous*": "true/genuine/real", "*paroimias*": "proverb/saying/maxim", "*Kyōn*": "dog/hound", "*epistrepsas*": "having returned/turned back", "*idion*": "its own/personal/private", "*exerama*": "vomit/what was thrown up", "*hys*": "sow/female pig", "*lousamenē*": "having washed herself/bathed", "*kylisma*": "wallowing place/mud pit", "*borborou*": "of mud/filth/mire" } }