Verse 37

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.37", "source": "כִּ֤י כָל־רֹאשׁ֙ קָרְחָ֔ה וְכָל־זָקָ֖ן גְּרֻעָ֑ה עַ֤ל כָּל־יָדַ֙יִם֙ גְּדֻדֹ֔ת וְעַל־מָתְנַ֖יִם שָֽׂק׃", "text": "Because every *rōʾš* *qorḥâ* and every *zāqān* *geruʿâ* upon all *yādayim* *gedudōt* and upon *motnayim* *śāq*", "grammar": { "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head", "*qorḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular - baldness", "*zāqān*": "noun, masculine singular - beard", "*geruʿâ*": "qal passive participle, feminine singular - cut off/clipped", "*yādayim*": "noun, feminine dual - hands", "*gedudōt*": "qal passive participle, feminine plural - cut/gashed", "*motnayim*": "noun, masculine dual - loins/waist", "*śāq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth" }, "variants": { "*rōʾš*": "head/top/chief", "*qorḥâ*": "baldness/bald spot", "*zāqān*": "beard/chin", "*geruʿâ*": "cut off/clipped/diminished", "*yādayim*": "hands/arms", "*gedudōt*": "cut/gashed/with incisions", "*motnayim*": "loins/waist/hips", "*śāq*": "sackcloth/mourning garment" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Gen 37:34 : 34 { "verseID": "Genesis.37.34", "source": "וַיִּקְרַ֤ע יַעֲקֹב֙ שִׂמְלֹתָ֔יו וַיָּ֥שֶׂם שַׂ֖ק בְּמָתְנָ֑יו וַיִּתְאַבֵּ֥ל עַל־בְּנ֖וֹ יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃", "text": "And *wə-yiqraʿ* *yaʿăqōḇ* his *śiməlōṯāyw* and *wə-yāśem* *śaq* on his *bə-māṯnāyw*; and *wə-yiṯʾabbēl* for-his *ʿal-bənô* *yāmîm* *rabbîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqraʿ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and he tore'", "*yaʿăqōḇ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Jacob'", "*śiməlōṯāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his garments'", "*wə-yāśem*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and he put'", "*śaq*": "noun, masculine singular - 'sackcloth'", "*bə-māṯnāyw*": "preposition with noun, dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'on his loins'", "*wə-yiṯʾabbēl*": "waw-consecutive with hitpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and he mourned'", "*ʿal-bənô*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'for his son'", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - 'days'", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - 'many'" }, "variants": { "*śaq*": "sackcloth/rough cloth/garment of mourning", "*māṯnāyw*": "loins/waist/hips" } }
  • Isa 15:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.2", "source": "עָלָ֨ה הַבַּ֧יִת וְדִיבֹ֛ן הַבָּמ֖וֹת לְבֶ֑כִי עַל־נְב֞וֹ וְעַ֤ל מֵֽידְבָא֙ מוֹאָ֣ב יְיֵלִ֔יל בְּכָל־רֹאשָׁ֣יו קָרְחָ֔ה כָּל־זָקָ֖ן גְּרוּעָֽה׃", "text": "*ʿālâ* the *bayit* *wə*-*Dîḇōn* the *bāmôt* for *beḵî* upon-*Neḇô* *wə*-upon *Mêdeḇāʾ* *Môʾāḇ* *yeyēlîl* on all-*rōʾšāyw* *qorḥâ* all-*zāqān* *gerûʿâ*", "grammar": { "*ʿālâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - went up/ascended", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the house/temple", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*Dîḇōn*": "proper noun - Dibon (city)", "*bāmôt*": "noun, feminine, plural with definite article - the high places", "*beḵî*": "noun, masculine, singular - weeping", "*Neḇô*": "proper noun - Nebo (place name)", "*Mêdeḇāʾ*": "proper noun - Medeba (place name)", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*yeyēlîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - wails/howls", "*rōʾšāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its/his heads", "*qorḥâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - baldness", "*zāqān*": "noun, masculine, singular - beard", "*gerûʿâ*": "passive participle, feminine, singular - cut off/shaved" }, "variants": { "*ʿālâ*": "went up/ascended/has gone up", "*bayit*": "house/temple (possibly referring to temple in Moab)", "*bāmôt*": "high places/shrines/cult sites", "*beḵî*": "weeping/crying", "*yeyēlîl*": "wails/howls/laments", "*qorḥâ*": "baldness (sign of mourning)", "*gerûʿâ*": "cut off/shaved/diminished (sign of mourning)" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.3", "source": "בְּחוּצֹתָ֖יו חָ֣גְרוּ שָׂ֑ק עַ֣ל גַּגּוֹתֶ֧יהָ וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֛יהָ כֻּלֹּ֥ה יְיֵלִ֖יל יֹרֵ֥ד בַּבֶּֽכִי׃", "text": "In *ḥûṣōtāyw* they *ḥāḡerû* *śāq* upon *gaggôtehâ* *û*-in *reḥōḇōtehâ* *kullōh* *yeyēlîl* *yōrēd* in the *beḵî*", "grammar": { "*ḥûṣōtāyw*": "noun, feminine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its/his streets", "*ḥāḡerû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they gird/put on", "*śāq*": "noun, masculine, singular - sackcloth", "*gaggôtehâ*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her roofs", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*reḥōḇōtehâ*": "noun, feminine, plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her squares/open places", "*kullōh*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - all of it/everyone", "*yeyēlîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - wails/howls", "*yōrēd*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going down/descending", "*beḵî*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the weeping" }, "variants": { "*ḥûṣōtāyw*": "its/his streets/outdoor areas", "*ḥāḡerû*": "they gird/put on/wear (as mourning gesture)", "*śāq*": "sackcloth (mourning garment)", "*reḥōḇōtehâ*": "her squares/open places/broad streets", "*yeyēlîl*": "wails/howls/laments", "*yōrēd*": "going down/descending/flowing down" } }
  • Jer 41:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.41.5", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ אֲ֠נָשִׁים מִשְּׁכֶ֞ם מִשִּׁל֤וֹ וּמִשֹּֽׁמְרוֹן֙ שְׁמֹנִ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ מְגֻלְּחֵ֥י זָקָ֛ן וּקְרֻעֵ֥י בְגָדִ֖ים וּמִתְגֹּֽדְדִ֑ים וּמִנְחָ֤ה וּלְבוֹנָה֙ בְּיָדָ֔ם לְהָבִ֖יא בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yābōʾû* *ʾănāšîm* from-*šekem* from-*šilô* and-from-*šōmərôn* eighty *ʾîš* *məgulləḥê* *zāqān* and-*qəruʿê* *bəgādîm* and-*mitgōdədîm* and-*minḥâ* and-*ləbônâ* in-their-hand to-bring *bêt* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yābōʾû*": "conjunction-waw + qal imperfect 3mp consecutive - and they came", "*ʾănāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - men", "*šekem*": "proper place name - Shechem", "*šilô*": "proper place name - Shiloh", "*šōmərôn*": "proper place name - Samaria", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man (used as counting unit)", "*məgulləḥê*": "pual participle masculine plural construct - having shaved", "*zāqān*": "masculine singular noun - beard", "*qəruʿê*": "qal passive participle masculine plural construct - torn/rent", "*bəgādîm*": "masculine plural noun - clothes/garments", "*mitgōdədîm*": "hithpael participle masculine plural - cutting themselves", "*minḥâ*": "feminine singular noun - grain offering/tribute/gift", "*ləbônâ*": "feminine singular noun - frankincense", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*məgulləḥê zāqān*": "with shaved beards/with beards cut off", "*qəruʿê bəgādîm*": "with torn clothes/with rent garments", "*mitgōdədîm*": "cutting themselves/gashing themselves (as sign of mourning)", "*minḥâ*": "grain offering/gift/tribute/offering" } }
  • Jer 47:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.47.5", "source": "בָּ֤אָה קָרְחָה֙ אֶל־עַזָּ֔ה נִדְמְתָ֥ה אַשְׁקְל֖וֹן שְׁאֵרִ֣ית עִמְקָ֑ם עַד־מָתַ֖י תִּתְגּוֹדָֽדִי׃", "text": "*Bāʾāh* *qārəḥāh* unto-*ʿAzzāh* *niḏməṯāh* *ʾAšqəlôn* *šəʾērîṯ* *ʿimqām* until-when *tiṯgôḏāḏî*.", "grammar": { "*bāʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has come", "*qārəḥāh*": "feminine singular noun - baldness", "*ʾel-ʿAzzāh*": "preposition + proper noun - unto Gaza", "*niḏməṯāh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is silenced/destroyed", "*ʾAšqəlôn*": "proper noun - Ashkelon", "*šəʾērîṯ*": "feminine singular construct - remnant of", "*ʿimqām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their valley", "*ʿaḏ-māṯay*": "preposition + interrogative - until when", "*tiṯgôḏāḏî*": "hithpael imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you cut yourself" }, "variants": { "*qārəḥāh*": "baldness/mourning sign", "*niḏməṯāh*": "is silenced/is destroyed/is ruined", "*šəʾērîṯ ʿimqām*": "remnant of their valley/remaining lowland", "*tiṯgôḏāḏî*": "you cut yourself/you gash yourself (as mourning ritual)" } }
  • Isa 20:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.20.2", "source": "בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָה֮ בְּיַ֣ד יְשַׁעְיָ֣הוּ בֶן־אָמוֹץ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ לֵ֗ךְ וּפִתַּחְתָּ֤ הַשַּׂק֙ מֵעַ֣ל מָתְנֶ֔יךָ וְנַעַלְךָ֥ תַחֲלֹ֖ץ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֑יךָ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ כֵּ֔ן הָלֹ֖ךְ עָר֥וֹם וְיָחֵֽף׃", "text": "In *ʿēth* *hahīʾ* *dibber* *YHWH* by *yad* *yəshaʿyāhū* *ben*-*ʾāmōṣ* *lēʾmōr* *lēk* *ūpittaḥtā* the *saq* from upon *mothnēka* and *naʿalka* *taḥalōṣ* from upon *raglēka* *wayyaʿas* thus *hālōk* *ʿārōm* *wəyāḥēp*", "grammar": { "*ʿēth*": "noun construct - time of", "*hahīʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - that", "*dibber*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect - spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*yad*": "construct noun - hand of/by means of", "*yəshaʿyāhū*": "proper noun - Isaiah", "*ben*": "construct noun - son of", "*ʾāmōṣ*": "proper noun - Amoz", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*lēk*": "2nd masculine singular Qal imperative - go", "*ūpittaḥtā*": "waw conjunctive + 2nd masculine singular Piel perfect - and you shall loosen/remove", "*saq*": "definite noun - the sackcloth", "*mothnēka*": "noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your loins", "*naʿalka*": "noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sandal", "*taḥalōṣ*": "2nd masculine singular Qal imperfect - you shall remove", "*raglēka*": "noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your feet", "*wayyaʿas*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect - and he did", "*hālōk*": "Qal infinitive absolute - going", "*ʿārōm*": "adjective - naked/lightly clothed", "*wəyāḥēp*": "waw conjunctive + adjective - and barefoot" }, "variants": { "*saq*": "sackcloth/mourning garment/rough cloth", "*ʿārōm*": "naked/minimally clothed/without outer garment", "*yad*": "hand/agency/prophetic mediation" } }
  • Jer 16:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.16.6", "source": "וּמֵ֨תוּ גְדֹלִ֧ים וּקְטַנִּ֛ים בָּאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּ֖את לֹ֣א יִקָּבֵ֑רוּ וְלֹֽא־יִסְפְּד֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם וְלֹ֣א יִתְגֹּדַ֔ד וְלֹ֥א יִקָּרֵ֖חַ לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*mēṯû* *gəḏōlîm* and-*qəṭannîm* in-*hā-ʾāreṣ* *ha-zzōʾṯ* not *yiqqāḇērû* and-not *yispəḏû* for-them and-not *yiṯgōḏaḏ* and-not *yiqqārēaḥ* for-them", "grammar": { "*mēṯû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they shall die", "*gəḏōlîm*": "masculine plural adjective - great ones/important ones", "*qəṭannîm*": "masculine plural adjective - small ones/insignificant ones", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/earth", "*ha-zzōʾṯ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*yiqqāḇērû*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall be buried", "*yispəḏû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall lament/mourn", "*yiṯgōḏaḏ*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - one shall cut oneself", "*yiqqārēaḥ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - one shall make himself bald" }, "variants": { "*yiṯgōḏaḏ*": "cut oneself (as mourning ritual)", "*yiqqārēaḥ*": "make oneself bald/shave head (as mourning ritual)" } }
  • Gen 37:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Genesis.37.29", "source": "וַיָּ֤שָׁב רְאוּבֵן֙ אֶל־הַבּ֔וֹר וְהִנֵּ֥ה אֵין־יוֹסֵ֖ף בַּבּ֑וֹר וַיִּקְרַ֖ע אֶת־בְּגָדָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wə-yāšāḇ* *rəʾûḇēn* to-the *ha-bbôr*, and *wə-hinnê* *ʾên*-*yôsēp̄* in the *ba-bbôr*; and *wə-yiqraʿ* *ʾeṯ*-his *bəḡāḏāyw*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšāḇ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and he returned'", "*rəʾûḇēn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Reuben'", "*ha-bbôr*": "definite article with noun, masculine singular - 'the pit'", "*wə-hinnê*": "conjunction with demonstrative particle - 'and behold'", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - 'there was not'", "*ba-bbôr*": "preposition with definite article and noun, masculine singular - 'in the pit'", "*wə-yiqraʿ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and he tore'", "*bəḡāḏāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his clothes'" }, "variants": { "*yiqraʿ*": "tore/rent/ripped" } }
  • Isa 37:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.37.1", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י כִּשְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ וַיִּקְרַ֖ע אֶת־בְּגָדָ֑יו וַיִּתְכַּ֣ס בַּשָּׂ֔ק וַיָּבֹ֖א בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayehî* as-to-*shmōaʿ* the *melek* *Ḥizqiyāhû* and-*wayiqraʿ* *ʾet*-*begādāyw* and-*wayitkās* in-the-*śaq* and-*wayyābōʾ* *bêt* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and it happened/came to pass", "*kishmōaʿ*": "preposition כ + qal infinitive construct - when/as hearing", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Ḥizqiyāhû*": "proper noun - Hezekiah", "*wayiqraʿ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he tore", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*begādāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3ms suffix - his garments/clothes", "*wayitkās*": "waw-consecutive + hitpael imperfect 3ms - and he covered himself", "*śaq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth", "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he came/entered", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*wayehî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass", "*shmōaʿ*": "to hear/hearing", "*begādāyw*": "his garments/his clothes", "*śaq*": "sackcloth/coarse cloth worn in mourning", "*bêt YHWH*": "house of YHWH/temple" } }
  • Lev 19:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Leviticus.19.28", "source": "וְשֶׂ֣רֶט לָנֶ֗פֶשׁ לֹ֤א תִתְּנוּ֙ בִּבְשַׂרְכֶ֔ם וּכְתֹ֣בֶת קֽ͏ַעֲקַ֔ע לֹ֥א תִתְּנ֖וּ בָּכֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה", "text": "*wə-śereṭ* *lanepeš* *lōʾ* *ṯittənû* *biḇśarḵem* *û-ḵəṯōḇeṯ* *qaʿăqaʿ* *lōʾ* *ṯittənû* *bāḵem* *ʾănî* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wə-śereṭ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and cutting", "*lanepeš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - for the dead/soul", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṯittənû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall make/put", "*biḇśarḵem*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine plural suffix - in your flesh", "*û-ḵəṯōḇeṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and writing/marking of", "*qaʿăqaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - tattoo/incision/imprint", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṯittənû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall make/put", "*bāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - in you", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD" }, "variants": { "*śereṭ* *lanepeš*": "cutting for the dead/incision for a soul/ritual cutting for mourning", "*ḵəṯōḇeṯ* *qaʿăqaʿ*": "tattoo marking/permanent writing/indelible inscription" } }
  • 1 Kgs 18:28 : 28 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.28", "source": "וַֽיִּקְרְאוּ֙ בְּק֣וֹל גָּד֔וֹל וַיִּתְגֹּֽדְדוּ֙ כְּמִשְׁפָּטָ֔ם בַּחֲרָב֖וֹת וּבָֽרְמָחִ֑ים עַד־שְׁפָךְ־דָּ֖ם עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yiqrəʾû* in-*qôl* *gādôl* *wə-yitgōdədû* according-to-*mišpāṭām* with-*ḥărābôt* and-with-*rəmāḥîm* until-*šəpāk*-*dām* upon-them", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqrəʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *qārāʾ* - and they called", "*bə-qôl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - with a voice", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - loud/great", "*wə-yitgōdədû*": "conjunction + Hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *gādad* - and they cut themselves", "*kə-mišpāṭām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - according to their custom", "*ba-ḥărābôt*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - with swords", "*û-bā-rəmāḥîm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural - and with spears", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*šəpāk*": "Qal infinitive construct of *šāpak* - pouring out", "*dām*": "noun, masculine singular - blood", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them" }, "variants": { "*yitgōdədû*": "cut themselves/gashed themselves/wounded themselves", "*mišpāṭām*": "their custom/their practice/their manner", "*šəpāk-dām*": "pouring out blood/blood flowing/shedding blood" } }
  • 1 Kgs 21:27 : 27 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.27", "source": "וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ אַחְאָ֜ב אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ וַיִּקְרַ֣ע בְּגָדָ֔יו וַיָּֽשֶׂם־שַׂ֥ק עַל־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ וַיָּצ֑וֹם וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב בַּשָּׂ֔ק וַיְהַלֵּ֖ךְ אַֽט׃ ס", "text": "*wa-yəhî* when-*kišmōaʿ* *ʾaḥʾāb* *ʾet*-the-*dəbārîm* the-*ʾēlleh*, *wa-yiqraʿ* *bəgādāyw* *wa-yāśem*-*śaq* on-*bəśārô* *wa-yāṣôm* *wa-yiškab* in-the-*śāq* *wa-yəhallēk* *ʾaṭ*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and it happened", "*kišmōaʿ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - when hearing", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - words/things", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*wa-yiqraʿ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he tore", "*bəgādāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his clothes", "*wa-yāśem*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he put", "*śaq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth", "*bəśārô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his flesh/body", "*wa-yāṣôm*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he fasted", "*wa-yiškab*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he lay", "*wa-yəhallēk*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Piel - and he walked", "*ʾaṭ*": "adverb - slowly/softly" }, "variants": { "*śaq*": "sackcloth/sack", "*yəhallēk ʾaṭ*": "walked slowly/walked softly/went about dejected" } }
  • 2 Kgs 6:30 : 30 { "verseID": "2Kings.6.30", "source": "וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֤י הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ וַיִּקְרַ֣ע אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וְה֖וּא עֹבֵ֣ר עַל־הַחֹמָ֑ה וַיַּ֣רְא הָעָ֔ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַשַּׂ֛ק עַל־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ מִבָּֽיִת׃", "text": "*wə-yəhî* *ki-šəmōaʿ* *ha-melek* *ʾet-dibrê* *hā-ʾiššāh* *wə-yiqraʿ* *ʾet-bəgādāyw* *wə-hûʾ* *ʿōbēr* *ʿal-ha-ḥōmāh* *wə-yarʾ* *hā-ʿām* *wə-hinnēh* *ha-śaq* *ʿal-bəśārô* *mi-bāyit*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3ms apocopated - and it happened", "*ki-šəmōaʿ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - when heard", "*ha-melek*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*ʾet-dibrê*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*hā-ʾiššāh*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the woman", "*wə-yiqraʿ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he tore", "*ʾet-bəgādāyw*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural + 3ms suffix - his clothes", "*wə-hûʾ*": "conjunction + independent personal pronoun 3ms - and he", "*ʿōbēr*": "Qal participle ms - passing", "*ʿal-ha-ḥōmāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - on the wall", "*wə-yarʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3ms - and saw", "*hā-ʿām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ha-śaq*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sackcloth", "*ʿal-bəśārô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3ms suffix - on his flesh/body", "*mi-bāyit*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - underneath/within" }, "variants": { "*šəmōaʿ*": "hearing/listening to", "*dibrê*": "words/matters/speech", "*yiqraʿ*": "tore/rent/ripped", "*bəgādāyw*": "his clothes/garments/robes", "*ʿōbēr*": "passing/walking/going", "*śaq*": "sackcloth/rough cloth (worn in mourning)", "*bəśārô*": "his flesh/body/skin", "*mi-bāyit*": "underneath/beneath/inside" } }
  • Isa 3:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.24", "source": "וְהָיָה֩ תַ֨חַת בֹּ֜שֶׂם מַ֣ק יִֽהְיֶ֗ה וְתַ֨חַת חֲגוֹרָ֤ה נִקְפָּה֙ וְתַ֨חַת מַעֲשֶׂ֤ה מִקְשֶׁה֙ קָרְחָ֔ה וְתַ֥חַת פְּתִיגִ֖יל מַחֲגֹ֣רֶת שָׂ֑ק כִּי־תַ֖חַת יֹֽפִי", "text": "And-*hāyāh* instead-of *bōśem* *maq* *yihyeh*, and-instead-of *ḥăgôrāh* *niqpāh*, and-instead-of *maʿăśeh* *miqšeh* *qorḥāh*, and-instead-of *pətîgîl* *maḥăgōret* *śāq*; for-instead-of *yōpî*", "grammar": { "*wəhāyāh*": "conjunction with Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be", "*taḥat*": "preposition - instead of/in place of", "*bōśem*": "noun, masculine singular - perfume/spice", "*maq*": "noun, masculine singular - rottenness/decay", "*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - there will be", "*ḥăgôrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - belt/girdle", "*niqpāh*": "noun, feminine singular - rope/cord", "*maʿăśeh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - work of", "*miqšeh*": "noun, masculine singular - well-set hair/braided work", "*qorḥāh*": "noun, feminine singular - baldness", "*pətîgîl*": "noun, masculine singular - rich robe/expensive garment", "*maḥăgōret*": "noun, feminine singular construct - girding of", "*śāq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yōpî*": "noun, masculine singular - beauty" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "will be/become/happen", "*taḥat*": "instead of/in place of/underneath", "*bōśem*": "perfume/spice/sweet smell", "*maq*": "rottenness/decay/stench", "*ḥăgôrāh*": "belt/girdle/sash", "*niqpāh*": "rope/cord/binding", "*maʿăśeh miqšeh*": "well-set hair/braided work/artistic hairdo", "*qorḥāh*": "baldness/bald spot/shaved head", "*pətîgîl*": "rich robe/expensive garment/festive dress", "*maḥăgōret śāq*": "girding of sackcloth/sackcloth covering", "*yōpî*": "beauty/prettiness/attractiveness" } }
  • Ezek 7:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.7.18", "source": "וְחָגְר֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים וְכִסְּתָ֥ה אוֹתָ֖ם פַּלָּצ֑וּת וְאֶ֤ל כָּל־פָּנִים֙ בּוּשָׁ֔ה וּבְכָל־רָאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם קָרְחָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-ḥāḡrû* *śaqqîm* *wə-kissəṯāh* *ʾôṯām* *pallāṣûṯ* *wə-ʾel* *kol*-*pānîm* *bûšāh* *û-ḇə-kol*-*rāʾšêhem* *qorḥāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-ḥāḡrû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will gird", "*śaqqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sackcloth", "*wə-kissəṯāh*": "conjunction + piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and will cover", "*ʾôṯām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*pallāṣûṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - shuddering/horror", "*wə-ʾel*": "conjunction + preposition - and on", "*kol*-*pānîm*": "construct + noun, masculine plural - all faces", "*bûšāh*": "noun, feminine singular - shame", "*û-ḇə-kol*-*rāʾšêhem*": "conjunction + preposition + construct + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and on all their heads", "*qorḥāh*": "noun, feminine singular - baldness" }, "variants": { "*ḥāḡrû*": "gird/put on/wrap around", "*śaqqîm*": "sackcloth/rough cloth/mourning garment", "*kissəṯāh*": "cover/conceal/hide", "*pallāṣûṯ*": "shuddering/horror/trembling", "*pānîm*": "faces/presence", "*bûšāh*": "shame/disgrace", "*qorḥāh*": "baldness/bald spot [sign of mourning]" } }
  • Ezek 27:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.31", "source": "וְהִקְרִ֤יחוּ אֵלַ֙יִךְ֙ קָרְחָ֔ה וְחָגְר֖וּ שַׂקִּ֑ים וּבָכ֥וּ אֵלַ֛יִךְ בְּמַר־נֶ֖פֶשׁ מִסְפֵּ֥ד מָֽר׃", "text": "And-*hiqrîḥû* to-you [feminine] *qorḥāh*, and-*ḥāgərû* *śaqqîm*, and-*bākû* to-you [feminine] with-*mar*-*nepeš* *mispēd* *mār*", "grammar": { "*hiqrîḥû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they will make bald", "*qorḥāh*": "feminine singular - baldness", "*ḥāgərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will gird", "*śaqqîm*": "masculine plural - sackcloth", "*bākû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will weep", "*mar*": "masculine singular - bitterness", "*nepeš*": "feminine singular - soul", "*mispēd*": "masculine singular - mourning/lamentation", "*mār*": "masculine singular - bitter" }, "variants": { "*hiqrîḥû qorḥāh*": "they will make baldness/shave their heads", "*ḥāgərû śaqqîm*": "they will gird sackcloth/wrap themselves in sackcloth", "*mar-nepeš*": "bitterness of soul/bitter soul/inner grief", "*mispēd mār*": "bitter lamentation/bitter mourning" } }
  • Amos 8:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Amos.8.10", "source": "וְהָפַכְתִּ֨י חַגֵּיכֶ֜ם לְאֵ֗בֶל וְכָל־שִֽׁירֵיכֶם֙ לְקִינָ֔ה וְהַעֲלֵיתִ֤י עַל־כָּל־מָתְנַ֙יִם֙ שָׂ֔ק וְעַל־כָּל־רֹ֖אשׁ קָרְחָ֑ה וְשַׂמְתִּ֙יהָ֙ כְּאֵ֣בֶל יָחִ֔יד וְאַחֲרִיתָ֖הּ כְּי֥וֹם מָֽר׃", "text": "And *wəhāpaḵtî* your *ḥaggêḵem* to *ʾēbel* and all your *šîrêḵem* to *qînâ* and *wəhaʿălêtî* upon all *motnayim* *śāq* and upon all *rōʾš* *qorḥâ* and *wəśamtîhā* like *ʾēbel* *yāḥîd* and *ʾaḥărîtāh* like day *mār*", "grammar": { "*wəhāpaḵtî*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 1st singular - and I will turn/change", "*ḥaggêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your festivals", "*lə-*": "preposition - to/into", "*ʾēbel*": "noun, masculine singular - mourning", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ḵol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*šîrêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your songs", "*qînâ*": "noun, feminine singular - lamentation/dirge", "*wəhaʿălêtî*": "hiphil perfect with waw consecutive, 1st singular - and I will bring up/cause to come up", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/over", "*motnayim*": "noun, masculine dual - loins/waist", "*śāq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head", "*qorḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular - baldness", "*wəśamtîhā*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 1st singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and I will make it", "*kə-*": "preposition - like/as", "*ʾēbel*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mourning of", "*yāḥîd*": "adjective, masculine singular - only/only one", "*ʾaḥărîtāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its end", "*kəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like day of", "*mār*": "adjective, masculine singular - bitter" }, "variants": { "*wəhāpaḵtî*": "I will turn/I will change/I will transform", "*ḥaggêḵem*": "your festivals/your feasts/your celebrations", "*ʾēbel*": "mourning/grief", "*šîrêḵem*": "your songs/your singing", "*qînâ*": "lamentation/dirge/funeral song", "*wəhaʿălêtî*": "I will bring up/I will cause to come up", "*motnayim*": "loins/waist/hips", "*śāq*": "sackcloth/coarse cloth (sign of mourning)", "*qorḥâ*": "baldness/baldness (sign of mourning)", "*yāḥîd*": "only/only child/only son", "*ʾaḥărîtāh*": "its end/its aftermath/its conclusion", "*mār*": "bitter/bitterness" } }
  • Mic 1:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Micah.1.16", "source": "קָרְחִ֣י וָגֹ֔זִּי עַל־בְּנֵ֖י תַּעֲנוּגָ֑יִךְ הַרְחִ֤בִי קָרְחָתֵךְ֙ כַּנֶּ֔שֶׁר כִּ֥י גָל֖וּ מִמֵּֽךְ׃ ס", "text": "*Qārəḥî* and-*ḡōzzî* upon-*bənê* *taʿănûḡāyiḵ* *harḥîḇî* *qārəḥāṯēḵ* like-the-*nešer* for *gālû* from-you", "grammar": { "*Qārəḥî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - make yourself bald", "*ḡōzzî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - shave/cut off", "*bənê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*taʿănûḡāyiḵ*": "common noun with possessive suffix, masculine plural - your delights", "*harḥîḇî*": "hifil imperative, feminine singular - make wide/enlarge", "*qārəḥāṯēḵ*": "common noun with possessive suffix, feminine singular - your baldness", "*nešer*": "common noun with definite article, masculine singular - the eagle/vulture", "*gālû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have gone into exile" }, "variants": { "*Qārəḥî*": "make yourself bald/shave your head", "*ḡōzzî*": "shave/cut off/shear", "*bənê*": "sons/children/offspring", "*taʿănûḡāyiḵ*": "your delights/pleasures/favorite children", "*harḥîḇî*": "make wide/enlarge/extend", "*nešer*": "eagle/vulture/large bird of prey", "*gālû*": "gone into exile/deported/carried away" } }
  • Mark 5:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Mark.5.5", "source": "Καὶ διὰ παντός, νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας, ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν, καὶ ἐν τοῖς μνήμασιν, ἦν κράζων, καὶ κατακόπτων ἑαυτὸν λίθοις.", "text": "And through *pantos*, *nyktos* and *hēmeras*, in the *oresin*, and in the *mnēmasin*, he was *krazōn*, and *katakoptōn* himself with *lithois*.", "grammar": { "*pantos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of all [time]", "*nyktos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of night", "*hēmeras*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of day", "*oresin*": "dative, neuter, plural - in mountains", "*mnēmasin*": "dative, neuter, plural - in tombs", "*krazōn*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular - crying out", "*katakoptōn*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular - cutting/beating", "*lithois*": "dative, masculine, plural - with stones" }, "variants": { "*pantos*": "all [time]/always/continually", "*nyktos*": "night/nighttime", "*hēmeras*": "day/daytime", "*oresin*": "mountains/hills", "*mnēmasin*": "tombs/graves/sepulchers", "*krazōn*": "crying out/shouting/screaming", "*katakoptōn*": "cutting/gashing/beating", "*lithois*": "stones/rocks" } }
  • Rev 11:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Revelation.11.3", "source": "Καὶ δώσω τοῖς δυσὶν μάρτυσίν μου, καὶ προφητεύσουσιν ἡμέρας χιλίας διακοσίας ἑξήκοντα, περιβεβλημένοι σάκκους.", "text": "And I will *dōsō* to the *dysin* *martysin* of me, and they will *prophēteusousin* *hēmeras* *chilias* *diakosias* *hexēkonta*, having been *peribeblēmenoi* *sakkous*.", "grammar": { "*dōsō*": "future active indicative, 1st singular - I will give", "*dysin*": "dative masculine plural - to two", "*martysin*": "dative masculine plural - to witnesses", "*prophēteusousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd plural - they will prophesy", "*hēmeras*": "accusative feminine plural - days", "*chilias*": "accusative feminine singular - thousand", "*diakosias*": "accusative feminine plural - two hundred", "*hexēkonta*": "numeral - sixty", "*peribeblēmenoi*": "perfect middle/passive participle, nominative masculine plural - having been clothed", "*sakkous*": "accusative masculine plural - sackcloth/rough garments" }, "variants": { "*martysin*": "witnesses/martyrs/testifiers", "*prophēteusousin*": "prophesy/speak forth/declare", "*peribeblēmenoi*": "clothed/wrapped/covered", "*sakkous*": "sackcloth/rough garments/garments of mourning" } }