10{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.10",
"source": "אֵֽשֶׁת־חַ֭יִל מִ֣י יִמְצָ֑א וְרָחֹ֖ק מִפְּנִינִ֣ים מִכְרָֽהּ",
"text": "*ʾēšet*-*ḥayil* *mî* *yimṣāʾ* *wĕrāḥōq* *mippĕnînîm* *mikrāh*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of",
"*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine singular - strength/valor/worth",
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who",
"*yimṣāʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - finds/will find",
"*wĕrāḥōq*": "conjunction *wə* + adjective masculine singular - and far",
"*mippĕnînîm*": "preposition *min* + noun, masculine plural - than jewels/rubies/corals",
"*mikrāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her value/price"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾēšet*-*ḥayil*": "woman of valor/capable wife/excellent wife/virtuous woman",
"*ḥayil*": "valor/worth/strength/capability/excellence",
"*yimṣāʾ*": "will find/can find",
"*pĕnînîm*": "jewels/rubies/corals/precious stones",
"*mikrāh*": "her value/her price/her worth"
}
}
11{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.11",
"source": "בָּ֣טַח בָּ֭הּ לֵ֣ב בַּעְלָ֑הּ וְ֝שָׁלָ֗ל לֹ֣א יֶחְסָֽר",
"text": "*bāṭaḥ* *bāh* *lēb* *baʿlāh* *wĕšālāl* *lōʾ* *yeḥsār*",
"grammar": {
"*bāṭaḥ*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - trusts/trusted",
"*bāh*": "preposition *bĕ* + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her",
"*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of",
"*baʿlāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her husband",
"*wĕšālāl*": "conjunction *wə* + noun, masculine singular - and spoil/gain/profit",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yeḥsār*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he lacks"
},
"variants": {
"*bāṭaḥ*": "trusts/trusted/relies confidently",
"*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner being",
"*baʿlāh*": "her husband/her lord/her master",
"*šālāl*": "spoil/gain/profit/plunder",
"*yeḥsār*": "will lack/is lacking/will be without"
}
}
12{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.12",
"source": "גְּמָלַ֣תְהוּ ט֣וֹב וְלֹא־רָ֑ע כֹּ֝֗ל יְמֵ֣י חַיֶּֽיה",
"text": "*gĕmālathû* *ṭôb* *wĕlōʾ*-*rāʿ* *kōl* *yĕmê* *ḥayyêhā*",
"grammar": {
"*gĕmālathû*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - she does/did to him",
"*ṭôb*": "adjective masculine singular - good",
"*wĕlōʾ*": "conjunction *wə* + negative particle - and not",
"*rāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular - evil/harm",
"*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*yĕmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of",
"*ḥayyêhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her life"
},
"variants": {
"*gĕmālathû*": "she does to him/she rewards him/she treats him",
"*ṭôb*": "good/goodness/benefit",
"*rāʿ*": "evil/harm/trouble/misfortune",
"*yĕmê* *ḥayyêhā*": "days of her life/all her lifetime"
}
}
13{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.13",
"source": "דָּ֭רְשָׁה צֶ֣מֶר וּפִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַ֝תַּ֗עַשׂ בְּחֵ֣פֶץ כַּפֶּֽיהָ",
"text": "*dārĕšāh* *ṣemer* *ûpištîm* *wattaʿaś* *bĕḥēpeṣ* *kappêhā*",
"grammar": {
"*dārĕšāh*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she seeks",
"*ṣemer*": "noun, masculine singular - wool",
"*ûpištîm*": "conjunction *wə* + noun, feminine plural - and flax/linen",
"*wattaʿaś*": "conjunction *wə* + verb, Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd feminine singular - and she works/makes",
"*bĕḥēpeṣ*": "preposition *bĕ* + noun, masculine singular - with delight/willingness",
"*kappêhā*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her hands/palms"
},
"variants": {
"*dārĕšāh*": "she seeks/searches for/selects",
"*ṣemer*": "wool/woolen material",
"*pištîm*": "flax/linen",
"*taʿaś*": "she works/makes/produces",
"*ḥēpeṣ*": "delight/pleasure/willingness/eagerness",
"*kappêhā*": "her hands/her palms"
}
}
14{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.14",
"source": "הָ֭יְתָה כָּאֳנִיּ֣וֹת סוֹחֵ֑ר מִ֝מֶּרְחָ֗ק תָּבִ֥יא לַחְמָֽהּ",
"text": "*hāyĕtāh* *kāʾŏniyyôt* *sôḥēr* *mimmerḥāq* *tābîʾ* *laḥmāh*",
"grammar": {
"*hāyĕtāh*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she is/was",
"*kāʾŏniyyôt*": "preposition *kĕ* + noun, feminine plural construct - like ships of",
"*sôḥēr*": "noun, masculine singular - merchant/trader",
"*mimmerḥāq*": "preposition *min* + noun, masculine singular - from afar/distance",
"*tābîʾ*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect 3rd feminine singular - she brings",
"*laḥmāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her food/bread"
},
"variants": {
"*hāyĕtāh*": "she is/was/becomes",
"*ʾŏniyyôt*": "ships/vessels/merchant ships",
"*sôḥēr*": "merchant/trader",
"*merḥāq*": "distance/far place/far country",
"*tābîʾ*": "she brings/imports/fetches",
"*laḥmāh*": "her food/bread/nourishment/provisions"
}
}
15{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.15",
"source": "וַתָּ֤קָם ׀ בְּע֬וֹד לַ֗יְלָה וַתִּתֵּ֣ן טֶ֣רֶף לְבֵיתָ֑הּ וְ֝חֹ֗ק לְנַעֲרֹתֶֽיהָ",
"text": "*wattāqām* *bĕʿôd* *laylāh* *wattittēn* *ṭerep* *lĕbêtāh* *wĕḥōq* *lĕnaʿărōtêhā*",
"grammar": {
"*wattāqām*": "conjunction *wə* + verb, Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd feminine singular - and she rises",
"*bĕʿôd*": "preposition *bĕ* + adverb - while still",
"*laylāh*": "noun, masculine singular - night",
"*wattittēn*": "conjunction *wə* + verb, Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd feminine singular - and she gives",
"*ṭerep*": "noun, masculine singular - food/prey",
"*lĕbêtāh*": "preposition *lə* + noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her household",
"*wĕḥōq*": "conjunction *wə* + noun, masculine singular - and portion/task",
"*lĕnaʿărōtêhā*": "preposition *lə* + noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her young women/servants"
},
"variants": {
"*tāqām*": "she rises/gets up",
"*bĕʿôd* *laylāh*": "while still night/before dawn",
"*tittēn*": "she gives/provides/distributes",
"*ṭerep*": "food/prey/nourishment/provisions",
"*bêtāh*": "her household/family/home",
"*ḥōq*": "portion/allotment/task/assignment",
"*naʿărōtêhā*": "her young women/maidens/servant girls"
}
}
16{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.16",
"source": "זָמְמָ֣ה שָׂ֭דֶה וַתִּקָּחֵ֑הוּ מִפְּרִ֥י כַ֝פֶּ֗יהָ *נטע **נָ֣טְעָה כָּֽרֶם",
"text": "*zāmĕmāh* *śādeh* *wattiqqāḥēhû* *mippĕrî* *kappêhā* *nāṭĕʿāh* *kārem*",
"grammar": {
"*zāmĕmāh*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she considers/plans",
"*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field",
"*wattiqqāḥēhû*": "conjunction *wə* + verb, Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and she takes/buys it",
"*mippĕrî*": "preposition *min* + noun, masculine singular construct - from fruit of",
"*kappêhā*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her hands/palms",
"*nāṭĕʿāh*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she plants",
"*kārem*": "noun, masculine singular - vineyard"
},
"variants": {
"*zāmĕmāh*": "she considers/plans/thinks about/sets her mind on",
"*śādeh*": "field/land/territory",
"*tiqqāḥēhû*": "she takes/buys/acquires it",
"*pĕrî*": "fruit/produce/earnings",
"*kappêhā*": "her hands/palms/work",
"*nāṭĕʿāh*": "she plants/establishes",
"*kārem*": "vineyard/orchard"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.17",
"source": "חָֽגְרָ֣ה בְע֣וֹז מָתְנֶ֑יהָ וַ֝תְּאַמֵּ֗ץ זְרֹעוֹתֶֽיהָ",
"text": "*ḥāgĕrāh* *bĕʿôz* *mātĕnêhā* *wattĕʾammēṣ* *zĕrōʿôtêhā*",
"grammar": {
"*ḥāgĕrāh*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she girds",
"*bĕʿôz*": "preposition *bĕ* + noun, masculine singular - with strength",
"*mātĕnêhā*": "noun, masculine dual with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her loins",
"*wattĕʾammēṣ*": "conjunction *wə* + verb, Piel imperfect consecutive 3rd feminine singular - and she strengthens",
"*zĕrōʿôtêhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her arms"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥāgĕrāh*": "she girds/clothes/equips",
"*ʿôz*": "strength/might/power",
"*mātĕnêhā*": "her loins/waist/hips",
"*tĕʾammēṣ*": "she strengthens/makes firm",
"*zĕrōʿôtêhā*": "her arms/forearms/strength"
}
}
18{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.18",
"source": "טָ֭עֲמָה כִּי־ט֣וֹב סַחְרָ֑הּ לֹֽא־יִכְבֶּ֖ה *בליל **בַלַּ֣יְלָה נֵרָֽהּ",
"text": "*ṭāʿămāh* *kî*-*ṭôb* *saḥrāh* *lōʾ*-*yikbeh* *ballaylāh* *nērāh*",
"grammar": {
"*ṭāʿămāh*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she tastes/perceives",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that/for/because",
"*ṭôb*": "adjective masculine singular - good",
"*saḥrāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her merchandise/profit",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yikbeh*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it is extinguished",
"*ballaylāh*": "preposition *bĕ* + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the night",
"*nērāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her lamp"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭāʿămāh*": "she tastes/perceives/experiences/discerns",
"*ṭôb*": "good/profitable/worthwhile",
"*saḥrāh*": "her merchandise/profit/trading/gain",
"*yikbeh*": "goes out/is extinguished",
"*nērāh*": "her lamp/light"
}
}
19{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.19",
"source": "יָ֭דֶיהָ שִׁלְּחָ֣ה בַכִּישׁ֑וֹר וְ֝כַפֶּ֗יהָ תָּ֣מְכוּ פָֽלֶךְ",
"text": "*yādêhā* *šillĕḥāh* *bakkîšôr* *wĕkappêhā* *tāmĕkû* *pālek*",
"grammar": {
"*yādêhā*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her hands",
"*šillĕḥāh*": "verb, Piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - she stretches out",
"*bakkîšôr*": "preposition *bĕ* + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the distaff",
"*wĕkappêhā*": "conjunction *wə* + noun, feminine dual with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her palms",
"*tāmĕkû*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd plural - they grasp/hold",
"*pālek*": "noun, masculine singular - spindle"
},
"variants": {
"*yādêhā*": "her hands",
"*šillĕḥāh*": "she stretches out/extends/puts forth",
"*kîšôr*": "distaff/spinning staff",
"*kappêhā*": "her palms/hands",
"*tāmĕkû*": "they grasp/hold/support",
"*pālek*": "spindle/whorl (spinning tool)"
}
}
20{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.20",
"source": "כַּ֭פָּהּ פָּרְשָׂ֣ה לֶעָנִ֑י וְ֝יָדֶ֗יהָ שִׁלְּחָ֥ה לָֽאֶבְיֽוֹן",
"text": "*kappāh* *pārĕśāh* *leʿānî* *wĕyādêhā* *šillĕḥāh* *lāʾebyôn*",
"grammar": {
"*kappāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her palm",
"*pārĕśāh*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she spreads out/opens",
"*leʿānî*": "preposition *lə* + definite article + adjective masculine singular - to the poor",
"*wĕyādêhā*": "conjunction *wə* + noun, feminine dual with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her hands",
"*šillĕḥāh*": "verb, Piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - she stretches out",
"*lāʾebyôn*": "preposition *lə* + definite article + adjective masculine singular - to the needy"
},
"variants": {
"*kappāh*": "her palm/hand",
"*pārĕśāh*": "she spreads out/extends/opens",
"*ʿānî*": "poor/afflicted/humble",
"*yādêhā*": "her hands",
"*šillĕḥāh*": "she stretches out/extends/reaches out",
"*ʾebyôn*": "needy/poor/destitute"
}
}
21{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.21",
"source": "לֹא־תִירָ֣א לְבֵיתָ֣הּ מִשָּׁ֑לֶג כִּ֥י כָל־בֵּ֝יתָ֗הּ לָבֻ֥שׁ שָׁנִֽים",
"text": "*lōʾ*-*tîrāʾ* *lĕbêtāh* *miššāleg* *kî* *kol*-*bêtāh* *lābuš* *šānîm*",
"grammar": {
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*tîrāʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - she fears",
"*lĕbêtāh*": "preposition *lə* + noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - for her household",
"*miššāleg*": "preposition *min* + definite article + noun, masculine singular - from the snow",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*bêtāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her household",
"*lābuš*": "Qal passive participle masculine singular - clothed with",
"*šānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - scarlet/crimson"
},
"variants": {
"*tîrāʾ*": "she fears/is afraid/worries",
"*bêtāh*": "her household/family/home",
"*šāleg*": "snow/snowy weather",
"*lābuš*": "clothed/dressed/covered",
"*šānîm*": "scarlet/crimson/double-dyed garments"
}
}
22{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.22",
"source": "מַרְבַדִּ֥ים עָֽשְׂתָה־לָּ֑הּ שֵׁ֖שׁ וְאַרְגָּמָ֣ן לְבוּשָֽׁהּ",
"text": "*marbaddîm* *ʿāśĕtāh*-*lāh* *šēš* *wĕʾargāmān* *lĕbûšāh*",
"grammar": {
"*marbaddîm*": "noun, masculine plural - coverings/coverlets",
"*ʿāśĕtāh*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she makes",
"*lāh*": "preposition *lə* + 3rd feminine singular suffix - for herself",
"*šēš*": "noun, masculine singular - fine linen",
"*wĕʾargāmān*": "conjunction *wə* + noun, masculine singular - and purple",
"*lĕbûšāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her clothing"
},
"variants": {
"*marbaddîm*": "coverings/coverlets/bedspreads/tapestries",
"*ʿāśĕtāh*": "she makes/produces",
"*šēš*": "fine linen/white fabric",
"*ʾargāmān*": "purple/rich fabric",
"*lĕbûšāh*": "her clothing/garment/attire"
}
}
23{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.23",
"source": "נוֹדָ֣ע בַּשְּׁעָרִ֣ים בַּעְלָ֑הּ בְּ֝שִׁבְתּ֗וֹ עִם־זִקְנֵי־אָֽרֶץ",
"text": "*nôdāʿ* *baššĕʿārîm* *baʿlāh* *bĕšibtô* *ʿim*-*ziqnê*-*ʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*nôdāʿ*": "verb, Niphal participle masculine singular - known/recognized",
"*baššĕʿārîm*": "preposition *bĕ* + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the gates",
"*baʿlāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her husband",
"*bĕšibtô*": "preposition *bĕ* + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - when he sits",
"*ʿim*": "preposition - with",
"*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth"
},
"variants": {
"*nôdāʿ*": "known/recognized/distinguished/respected",
"*šĕʿārîm*": "gates/city gates (place of public assembly and judgment)",
"*baʿlāh*": "her husband/lord/master",
"*šibtô*": "his sitting/when he takes his seat",
"*ziqnê*-*ʾāreṣ*": "elders of the land/leaders of the community"
}
}
24{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.24",
"source": "סָדִ֣ין עָ֭שְׂתָה וַתִּמְכֹּ֑ר וַ֝חֲג֗וֹר נָתְנָ֥ה לַֽכְּנַעֲנִֽי",
"text": "*sādîn* *ʿāśĕtāh* *wattimkōr* *waḥăgôr* *nātĕnāh* *lakkĕnaʿănî*",
"grammar": {
"*sādîn*": "noun, masculine singular - linen cloth/garment",
"*ʿāśĕtāh*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she makes",
"*wattimkōr*": "conjunction *wə* + verb, Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd feminine singular - and she sells",
"*waḥăgôr*": "conjunction *wə* + noun, masculine singular - and belt/sash",
"*nātĕnāh*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she gives",
"*lakkĕnaʿănî*": "preposition *lə* + definite article + adjective masculine singular - to the Canaanite/merchant"
},
"variants": {
"*sādîn*": "linen cloth/garment/sheet",
"*ʿāśĕtāh*": "she makes/produces/manufactures",
"*timkōr*": "she sells/trades",
"*ḥăgôr*": "belt/sash/girdle",
"*nātĕnāh*": "she gives/delivers/provides",
"*kĕnaʿănî*": "Canaanite/merchant/trader"
}
}