Verse 10

{ "verseID": "Psalms.89.10", "source": "אַתָּה מוֹשֵׁל בְּגֵאוּת הַיָּם בְּשׂוֹא גַלָּיו אַתָּה תְשַׁבְּחֵם", "text": "*ʾAttâ* *môšēl* in-*gēʾût* the-*yām*; when-*śôʾ* *gallāyw* *ʾattâ* *tᵉšabbᵉḥēm*", "grammar": { "*ʾAttâ*": "pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*môšēl*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - ruling", "*bᵉ-gēʾût*": "preposition + noun - in the swelling/pride of", "*ha-yyām*": "definite article + noun - the sea", "*bᵉ-śôʾ*": "preposition + infinitive construct - when rise", "*gallāyw*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its waves", "*ʾattâ*": "pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*tᵉšabbᵉḥēm*": "verb, piel imperfect 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you still them" }, "variants": { "*môšēl*": "ruling/having dominion over", "*gēʾût*": "pride/swelling/majesty", "*ha-yyām*": "the sea/ocean", "*śôʾ*": "rising/swelling/lifting up", "*gallāyw*": "its waves/billows", "*tᵉšabbᵉḥēm*": "you still them/calm them/subdue them" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Du hersker over havets voldsomme krefter. Når bølgene raser, demper du dem med din myndighet.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Du har knust Rahab som en nedslått mann; du har spredt dine fiender med din sterke arm.

• Norsk King James

  Du har knust Rahab som en død; du har spredt dine fiender med din mektige hånd.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Du hersker over det stolte havet; når bølgene reiser seg, får du dem til å roe seg.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Du hersker over havets opprustning; når bølgene hever seg, demper du dem.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Du har knust Rahab som den døde, med din sterke arm har du spredt dine fiender.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Du har knust Rahab i stykker, som den som er nedkjempet; med din sterke arm har du strødd dine fiender.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Du har knust Rahab som den døde, med din sterke arm har du spredt dine fiender.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Du hersker over havets stolthet; når bølgene hever seg, stiller du dem.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  You rule over the swelling sea; when its waves rise, you still them.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Du hersker over havets stolthet; når bølgene reiser seg, stiller du dem.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Du hersker over det hovmodige Hav; naar dets Bølger opløftes, da kan du, ja du komme dem til at høre op.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Thou hast broken Rahab in pieces, as one that is slain; thou hast scattered thine enemies with thy strong arm.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Du har knust Rahab som en som er drept; du har spredt dine fiender med din sterke arm.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  You have broken Rahab in pieces, as one that is slain; you have scattered your enemies with your strong arm.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Thou hast broken Rahab in pieces, as one that is slain; thou hast scattered thine enemies with thy strong arm.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Du har knust Rahab i stykker, som en av de drepte. Du har spredt dine fiender med din mektige arm.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Du har knust Rahab som en såret, med din sterke arm har du spredt dine fiender.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Du har brutt Rahab i stykker som en nedslått; du har spredt dine fiender med din sterke arm.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Rahab ble knust av deg som en såret til døden; med din kraftige arm drev du dine fiender på flukt.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Thou rulest the pryde of the see, thou stillest the wawes therof, whe they arise.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Thou hast beaten downe Rahab as a man slaine: thou hast scattered thine enemies with thy mightie arme.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Thou hast brought Egypt in so bad a case as if it were wounded: thou hast scattered thyne enemies abrode with thy mightie arme.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Thou hast broken Rahab in pieces, as one that is slain; thou hast scattered thine enemies with thy strong arm.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  You have broken Rahab in pieces, like one of the slain. You have scattered your enemies with your mighty arm.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Thou hast bruised Rahab, as one wounded. With the arm of Thy strength Thou hast scattered Thine enemies.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Thou hast broken Rahab in pieces, as one that is slain; Thou hast scattered thine enemies with the arm of thy strength.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Rahab was crushed by you like one wounded to death; with your strong arm you put to flight all your haters.

• World English Bible (2000)

  You have broken Rahab in pieces, like one of the slain. You have scattered your enemies with your mighty arm.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  You crushed the Proud One and killed it; with your strong arm you scattered your enemies.

Referenced Verses

• Ps 144:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.144.6", "source": "בְּר֣וֹק בָּ֭רָק וּתְפִיצֵ֑ם שְׁלַ֥ח חִ֝צֶּ֗יךָ וּתְהֻמֵּֽם׃", "text": "*Bĕrôq bārāq* and *ûtĕpîṣēm*, *šĕlaḥ* your *ḥiṣṣeykā* and *ûtĕhummēm*.", "grammar": { "*bĕrôq*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - flash forth/send out", "*bārāq*": "noun masculine singular - lightning", "*ûtĕpîṣēm*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and scatter them", "*šĕlaḥ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - send", "*ḥiṣṣeykā*": "noun masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your arrows", "*ûtĕhummēm*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and confuse them/throw them into confusion" }, "variants": { "*bĕrôq*": "flash forth/send out/cast forth", "*bārāq*": "lightning/lightning flash", "*ûtĕpîṣēm*": "and scatter them/disperse them", "*šĕlaḥ*": "send/send out/shoot", "*ûtĕhummēm*": "and confuse them/throw them into panic/discomfit them" } }
• Isa 24:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.1", "source": "הִנֵּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בּוֹקֵ֥ק הָאָ֖רֶץ וּבֽוֹלְקָ֑הּ וְעִוָּ֣ה פָנֶ֔יהָ וְהֵפִ֖יץ יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*Hinnēh* *YHWH* *bōqēq* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*bōləqāh* and-*ʿiwwāh* *pānehā* and-*hēpîṣ* *yōšəbehā*", "grammar": { "*Hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, subject of following verbs", "*bōqēq*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - emptying/laying waste", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*bōləqāh*": "Qal participle with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - emptying/making void it (feminine)", "*ʿiwwāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - distorts/twists", "*pānehā*": "common noun, plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its face/surface", "*hēpîṣ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - scatters/disperses", "*yōšəbehā*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its inhabitants" }, "variants": { "*bōqēq*": "empties/lays waste/makes void", "*bōləqāh*": "empties it/makes it void/devastates it", "*ʿiwwāh*": "distorts/twists/perverts/ruins", "*pānehā*": "its face/its surface/its appearance", "*hēpîṣ*": "scatters/disperses/spreads abroad" } }
• Exod 3:19-20 : 19 { "verseID": "Exodus.3.19", "source": "וַאֲנִ֣י יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֠י לֹֽא־יִתֵּ֥ן אֶתְכֶ֛ם מֶ֥לֶךְ מִצְרַ֖יִם לַהֲלֹ֑ךְ וְלֹ֖א בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה׃", "text": "And-I *yāda'tî* that not-*yittēn* *ʾetḵem* *meleḵ* *Miṣrayim* to-*hălōḵ* and-not with-*yād* *ḥăzāqāh*.", "grammar": { "*yāda'tî*": "perfect, 1st person singular - I know", "*yittēn*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will allow", "*ʾetḵem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*hălōḵ*": "infinitive construct - to go", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand", "*ḥăzāqāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - strong" }, "variants": { "*yāda'tî*": "I know/I am aware/I understand", "*yittēn*": "he will allow/he will permit/he will give", "*hălōḵ*": "to go/to walk/to depart", "*yād*": "hand/power/strength", "*ḥăzāqāh*": "strong/mighty/powerful" } } 20 { "verseID": "Exodus.3.20", "source": "וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֤י אֶת־יָדִי֙ וְהִכֵּיתִ֣י אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּכֹל֙ נִפְלְאֹתַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֽ͏ֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה בְּקִרְבּ֑וֹ וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן יְשַׁלַּ֥ח אֶתְכֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*šālaḥtî* *ʾet*-*yādî* and-*hikkêtî* *ʾet*-*Miṣrayim* with-all *nipleʾōtay* that *ʾe'ĕśeh* in-*qirbō* and-after-thus *yešallaḥ* *ʾetḵem*.", "grammar": { "*šālaḥtî*": "perfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I will send", "*yādî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*hikkêtî*": "perfect, 1st person singular, hiphil with waw consecutive - and I will strike", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*nipleʾōtay*": "noun, feminine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my wonders", "*ʾe'ĕśeh*": "imperfect, 1st person singular - I will do", "*qirbō*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its midst", "*yešallaḥ*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, piel - he will send away", "*ʾetḵem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you" }, "variants": { "*šālaḥtî*": "I will send/I will stretch out/I will extend", "*yādî*": "my hand/my power/my strength", "*hikkêtî*": "I will strike/I will smite/I will attack", "*nipleʾōtay*": "my wonders/my marvels/my miracles", "*qirbō*": "its midst/among it/inside it", "*yešallaḥ*": "he will send away/he will let go/he will release" } }
• Exod 7:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.1", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה רְאֵ֛ה נְתַתִּ֥יךָ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְפַרְעֹ֑ה וְאַהֲרֹ֥ן אָחִ֖יךָ יִהְיֶ֥ה נְבִיאֶֽךָ", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* unto-*Mōšeh*, *rəʾēh* *nətattîkā* *ʾĕlōhîm* to-*Parʿōh* and-*ʾAhărōn* *ʾāḥîkā* *yihyeh* *nəḇîʾekā*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*rəʾēh*": "qal imperative masculine singular - see/behold", "*nətattîkā*": "qal perfect 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I have made you", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - god/deity/divine being", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ʾāḥîkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be", "*nəḇîʾekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your prophet" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/judges/divine being/mighty one", "*nəḇîʾekā*": "your prophet/spokesperson/one who speaks on behalf of another" } } 2 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.2", "source": "אַתָּ֣ה תְדַבֵּ֔ר אֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲצַוֶּ֑ךָּ וְאַהֲרֹ֤ן אָחִ֙יךָ֙ יְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְשִׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאַרְצֽוֹ", "text": "*ʾattāh* *tədabbēr* *ʾēt* all-that *ʾăṣawwekkā* and-*ʾAhărōn* *ʾāḥîkā* *yədabbēr* unto-*Parʿōh* and-*šillaḥ* *ʾet*-sons-of-*Yiśrāʾēl* from-*ʾarṣô*", "grammar": { "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular personal pronoun - you", "*tədabbēr*": "piel imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will speak", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăṣawwekkā*": "piel imperfect 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I command you", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ʾāḥîkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother", "*yədabbēr*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will speak", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*šillaḥ*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall send away", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾarṣô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his land" }, "variants": { "*šillaḥ*": "send away/release/let go", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker/with" } } 3 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.3", "source": "וַאֲנִ֥י אַקְשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֧י אֶת־אֹתֹתַ֛י וְאֶת־מוֹפְתַ֖י בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם", "text": "And-*ʾănî* *ʾaqšeh* *ʾet*-heart-of *Parʿōh* and-*hirbêtî* *ʾet*-*ʾōtōtay* and-*ʾet*-*môp̄ətay* in-land-of *Miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*ʾaqšeh*": "hiphil imperfect 1st singular - I will harden", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*hirbêtî*": "hiphil perfect 1st singular - I will multiply", "*ʾōtōtay*": "feminine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - my signs", "*môp̄ətay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - my wonders", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*ʾaqšeh*": "harden/make stubborn/make difficult", "*ʾōtōtay*": "my signs/tokens/evidences", "*môp̄ətay*": "my wonders/miracles/portents" } } 4 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.4", "source": "וְלֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֤ע אֲלֵכֶם֙ פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְנָתַתִּ֥י אֶת־יָדִ֖י בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְהוֹצֵאתִ֨י אֶת־צִבְאֹתַ֜י אֶת־עַמִּ֤י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בִּשְׁפָטִ֖ים גְּדֹלִֽים", "text": "And-not-*yišmaʿ* to-you *Parʿōh* and-*nātattî* *ʾet*-*yādî* in-*Miṣrāyim* and-*hôṣēʾtî* *ʾet*-*ṣiḇʾōtay* *ʾet*-*ʿammî* sons-of-*Yiśrāʾēl* from-land-of *Miṣrayim* with-*šəp̄āṭîm* *gəḏōlîm*", "grammar": { "*yišmaʿ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will listen", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - I will put", "*yādî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my hand", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*hôṣēʾtî*": "hiphil perfect 1st singular - I will bring out", "*ṣiḇʾōtay*": "feminine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - my hosts/armies", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*šəp̄āṭîm*": "masculine plural noun - judgments", "*gəḏōlîm*": "masculine plural adjective - great" }, "variants": { "*yišmaʿ*": "listen/hear/obey", "*nātattî*": "put/place/set", "*yādî*": "my hand/power/strength", "*ṣiḇʾōtay*": "my hosts/armies/divisions", "*šəp̄āṭîm*": "judgments/punishments/acts of judgment" } } 5 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.5", "source": "וְיָדְע֤וּ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בִּנְטֹתִ֥י אֶת־יָדִ֖י עַל־מִצְרָ֑יִם וְהוֹצֵאתִ֥י אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִתּוֹכָֽם", "text": "And-*yādəʿû* *Miṣrayim* that-*ʾănî* *YHWH* in-*nəṭōtî* *ʾet*-*yādî* against-*Miṣrāyim* and-*hôṣēʾtî* *ʾet*-sons-of-*Yiśrāʾēl* from-midst-of-them", "grammar": { "*yādəʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they will know", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*nəṭōtî*": "qal infinitive construct with 1st singular suffix - my stretching out", "*yādî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my hand", "*hôṣēʾtî*": "hiphil perfect 1st singular - I will bring out", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yādəʿû*": "know/learn/recognize", "*nəṭōtî*": "my stretching out/extending/reaching" } } 6 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.6", "source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ מֹשֶׁ֖ה וְאַהֲרֹ֑ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֹתָ֖ם כֵּ֥ן עָשֽׂוּ", "text": "And-*wayyaʿaś* *Mōšeh* and-*ʾAhărōn* just-as *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* *ʾōtām* so *ʿāśû*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿaś*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he did", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ṣiwwāh*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*ʿāśû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they did" }, "variants": { "*ʿāśû*": "did/made/performed" } } 7 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.7", "source": "וּמֹשֶׁה֙ בֶּן־שְׁמֹנִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְאֽ͏ַהֲרֹ֔ן בֶּן־שָׁלֹ֥שׁ וּשְׁמֹנִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה בְּדַבְּרָ֖ם אֶל־פַּרְעֹֽה", "text": "And-*Mōšeh* son-of-eighty *šānāh* and-*ʾAhărōn* son-of-three and-eighty *šānāh* in-*dabbərām* unto-*Parʿōh*", "grammar": { "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*šānāh*": "feminine singular noun - year", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*dabbərām*": "piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their speaking", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh" }, "variants": { "*dabbərām*": "their speaking/talking to" } } 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.8", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* unto-*Mōšeh* and-unto-*ʾAhărōn* *lēʾmōr*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying" }, "variants": { "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/as follows" } } 9 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.9", "source": "כִּי֩ יְדַבֵּ֨ר אֲלֵכֶ֤ם פַּרְעֹה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר תְּנ֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם מוֹפֵ֑ת וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן קַ֧ח אֶֽת־מַטְּךָ֛ וְהַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ לִפְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה יְהִ֥י לְתַנִּֽין", "text": "When *yədabbēr* to-you *Parʿōh* *lēʾmōr*, *tənû* to-you *môp̄ēt* and-*ʾāmartā* unto-*ʾAhărōn*, *qaḥ* *ʾet*-*maṭṭəkā* and-*hašlēk* before-*Parʿōh* *yəhî* to-*tannîn*", "grammar": { "*yədabbēr*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he speaks", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*tənû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - give", "*môp̄ēt*": "masculine singular noun - wonder/sign", "*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall say", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*qaḥ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - take", "*maṭṭəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your staff", "*hašlēk*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - cast/throw", "*yəhî*": "qal imperfect jussive 3rd masculine singular - let it become", "*tannîn*": "masculine singular noun - serpent/dragon/monster" }, "variants": { "*môp̄ēt*": "wonder/sign/miracle/portent", "*tannîn*": "serpent/sea monster/dragon/large reptile" } } 10 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.10", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וַיַּ֣עַשׂוּ כֵ֔ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּשְׁלֵ֨ךְ אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶת־מַטֵּ֗הוּ לִפְנֵ֥י פַרְעֹ֛ה וְלִפְנֵ֥י עֲבָדָ֖יו וַיְהִ֥י לְתַנִּֽין", "text": "And-*wayyāḇōʾ* *Mōšeh* and-*ʾAhărōn* unto-*Parʿōh* and-*wayyaʿăśû* so just-as *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* and-*wayyašlēk* *ʾAhărōn* *ʾet*-*maṭṭēhû* before *Parʿōh* and-before *ʿăḇāḏāyw* and-*wayəhî* to-*tannîn*", "grammar": { "*wayyāḇōʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he came", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*wayyaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they did", "*ṣiwwāh*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*wayyašlēk*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he cast", "*maṭṭēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his staff", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*wayəhî*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and it became", "*tannîn*": "masculine singular noun - serpent/dragon/monster" }, "variants": { "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "his servants/officials/attendants", "*tannîn*": "serpent/sea monster/dragon/large reptile" } } 11 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.11", "source": "וַיִּקְרָא֙ גַּם־פַּרְעֹ֔ה לֽ͏ַחֲכָמִ֖ים וְלַֽמְכַשְּׁפִ֑ים וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֨וּ גַם־הֵ֜ם חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י מִצְרַ֛יִם בְּלַהֲטֵיהֶ֖ם כֵּֽן", "text": "And-*wayyiqrāʾ* also-*Parʿōh* to-the-*ḥăḵāmîm* and-to-the-*məḵaššəp̄îm* and-*wayyaʿăśû* also-they *ḥarṭummê* *Miṣrayim* with-*lahaṭêhem* so", "grammar": { "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he called", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ḥăḵāmîm*": "masculine plural adjective - wise men", "*məḵaššəp̄îm*": "piel participle masculine plural - sorcerers", "*wayyaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they did", "*ḥarṭummê*": "masculine plural construct noun - magicians of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*lahaṭêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their secret arts" }, "variants": { "*ḥăḵāmîm*": "wise men/sages/scholars", "*məḵaššəp̄îm*": "sorcerers/magicians/enchanters", "*ḥarṭummê*": "magicians/sacred scribes/interpreters", "*lahaṭêhem*": "their secret arts/enchantments/magic" } } 12 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.12", "source": "וַיַּשְׁלִ֙יכוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מַטֵּ֔הוּ וַיִּהְי֖וּ לְתַנִּינִ֑ם וַיִּבְלַ֥ע מַטֵּֽה־אַהֲרֹ֖ן אֶת־מַטֹּתָֽם", "text": "And-*wayyašlîḵû* *ʾîš* *maṭṭēhû* and-*wayyihyû* to-*tannînim* and-*wayyiḇlaʿ* staff-of-*ʾAhărōn* *ʾet*-*maṭṭōtām*", "grammar": { "*wayyašlîḵû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they cast", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man", "*maṭṭēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his staff", "*wayyihyû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they became", "*tannînim*": "masculine plural noun - serpents/dragons/monsters", "*wayyiḇlaʿ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and it swallowed", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*maṭṭōtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their staffs" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš*": "man/each/every", "*tannînim*": "serpents/sea monsters/dragons/large reptiles", "*wayyiḇlaʿ*": "swallowed/consumed/engulfed" } } 13 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.13", "source": "וַיֶּחֱזַק֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה", "text": "And-*wayyeḥĕzaq* heart-of *Parʿōh* and-not *šāmaʿ* to-them just-as *dibbēr* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wayyeḥĕzaq*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and became strong", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*šāmaʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he listened", "*dibbēr*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he had spoken", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name" }, "variants": { "*wayyeḥĕzaq*": "became strong/hardened/was strengthened", "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened/obeyed" } } 14 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה כָּבֵ֖ד לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה מֵאֵ֖ן לְשַׁלַּ֥ח הָעָֽם", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* unto-*Mōšeh* *kāḇēḏ* heart-of *Parʿōh* *mēʾēn* to-*šallaḥ* the-*ʿām*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*kāḇēḏ*": "adjective masculine singular - heavy", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*mēʾēn*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he refuses", "*šallaḥ*": "piel infinitive construct - to send away", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people" }, "variants": { "*kāḇēḏ*": "heavy/hardened/stubborn/unresponsive", "*mēʾēn*": "refuses/is unwilling/declines", "*šallaḥ*": "send away/let go/release" } } 15 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.15", "source": "לֵ֣ךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֞ה בַּבֹּ֗קֶר הִנֵּה֙ יֹצֵ֣א הַמַּ֔יְמָה וְנִצַּבְתָּ֥ לִקְרָאת֖וֹ עַל־שְׂפַ֣ת הַיְאֹ֑ר וְהַמַּטֶּ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ לְנָחָ֖שׁ תִּקַּ֥ח בְּיָדֶֽךָ", "text": "*lēk* unto-*Parʿōh* in-the-*bōqer* *hinnēh* *yōṣēʾ* the-*maymāh* and-*niṣṣaḇtā* to-*liqrātô* upon-lip-of the-*yəʾōr* and-the-*maṭṭeh* which-*nehpak* to-*nāḥāš* *tiqqaḥ* in-*yāḏekā*", "grammar": { "*lēk*": "qal imperative masculine singular - go", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun - morning", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold", "*yōṣēʾ*": "qal participle masculine singular - going out", "*maymāh*": "masculine plural noun with directional hey - to the water", "*niṣṣaḇtā*": "niphal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall stand", "*liqrātô*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition and 3rd masculine singular suffix - to meet him", "*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile", "*maṭṭeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the staff", "*nehpak*": "niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was turned", "*nāḥāš*": "masculine singular noun - serpent", "*tiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall take", "*yāḏekā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand" }, "variants": { "*yəʾōr*": "river/stream/Nile/canal", "*nehpak*": "was turned/transformed/changed", "*nāḥāš*": "serpent/snake" } }
• Deut 4:34 : 34 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.34", "source": "א֣וֹ ׀ הֲנִסָּ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֗ים לָ֠בוֹא לָקַ֨חַת ל֣וֹ גוֹי֮ מִקֶּ֣רֶב גּוֹי֒ בְּמַסֹּת֩ בְּאֹתֹ֨ת וּבְמוֹפְתִ֜ים וּבְמִלְחָמָ֗ה וּבְיָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ וּבִזְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֔ה וּבְמוֹרָאִ֖ים גְּדֹלִ֑ים כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֨ה לָכֶ֜ם יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֛ם בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם לְעֵינֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "Or *hănissāh* *ʾĕlōhîm* *lāḇôʾ* *lāqaḥaṯ* to-him *gôy* from-*qereḇ* *gôy* by-*massōṯ* by-*ʾōṯōṯ* and-by-*môp̄əṯîm* and-by-*milḥāmāh* and-by-*yāḏ* *ḥăzāqāh* and-by-*zərôaʿ* *nəṭûyāh* and-by-*môrāʾîm* *gəḏōlîm*, like-all which-*ʿāśāh* for-you(plural) *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵem* in-*miṣrayim* to-*ʿêneḵā*?", "grammar": { "*hănissāh*": "interrogative particle + verb, Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has attempted?", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God/gods", "*lāḇôʾ*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to come", "*lāqaḥaṯ*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to take", "*gôy*": "masculine singular noun - nation", "*qereḇ*": "masculine singular construct - midst of", "*massōṯ*": "feminine plural noun - trials/testings", "*ʾōṯōṯ*": "masculine plural noun - signs", "*môp̄əṯîm*": "masculine plural noun - wonders/miracles", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - war/battle", "*yāḏ*": "feminine singular noun - hand", "*ḥăzāqāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - strong", "*zərôaʿ*": "feminine singular noun - arm", "*nəṭûyāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - outstretched", "*môrāʾîm*": "masculine plural noun - fears/terrors", "*gəḏōlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great", "*ʿāśāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he did/made", "*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʿêneḵā*": "feminine dual noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your eyes" }, "variants": { "*nissāh*": "to test/try/attempt", "*lāḇôʾ*": "to come/enter/arrive", "*lāqaḥaṯ*": "to take/get/fetch", "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles", "*qereḇ*": "midst/among/within", "*massōṯ*": "trials/tests/temptations", "*ʾōṯōṯ*": "signs/tokens/omens", "*môp̄əṯîm*": "wonders/miracles/portents", "*milḥāmāh*": "war/battle/fighting", "*yāḏ*": "hand/power/means", "*ḥăzāqāh*": "strong/mighty/firm", "*zərôaʿ*": "arm/strength/power", "*nəṭûyāh*": "outstretched/extended", "*môrāʾîm*": "fears/terrors/dreadful acts", "*ʿāśāh*": "to do/make/accomplish" } }
• Ps 59:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.59.11", "source": "אֱלֹהֵ֣י *חסדו **חַסְדִּ֣י יְקַדְּמֵ֑נִי אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים יַרְאֵ֥נִי בְשֹׁרְרָֽי׃", "text": "*ʾĕlōhê* *ḥasdî* *yĕqaddĕmēnî* *ʾĕlōhîm* *yarʾēnî* with *šōrĕrāy*.", "grammar": { "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct noun - God of", "*ḥasdî*": "masculine noun with 1st person singular suffix - my lovingkindness (Ketiv: his lovingkindness - *ḥasdô*; Qere: my lovingkindness - *ḥasdî*)", "*yĕqaddĕmēnî*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he will come before me/meet me", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*yarʾēnî*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he will let me see/show me", "*šōrĕrāy*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix and preposition bə- - with those who watch me/my enemies" }, "variants": { "*ḥasdî*": "my lovingkindness/my steadfast love/my mercy (textual variant with *ḥasdô* - his lovingkindness)", "*yĕqaddĕmēnî*": "will come before me/will meet me/will anticipate me/will prevent me", "*šōrĕrāy*": "those who watch me/my enemies/those who lie in wait for me" } }
• Ps 68:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.68.1", "source": "לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ לְדָוִ֗ד מִזְמ֥וֹר שִֽׁיר׃", "text": "To the *mənaṣṣēaḥ* to *Dāwid* *mizmôr* *šîr*", "grammar": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "prefixed preposition לְ (to/for) + definite article + masculine singular participle - director/conductor", "*Dāwid*": "prefixed preposition לְ (to/for) + proper name - David", "*mizmôr*": "masculine singular construct - psalm/melody", "*šîr*": "masculine singular - song" }, "variants": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "director/chief musician/conductor/choir master", "*mizmôr*": "psalm/melody/musical composition", "*šîr*": "song/musical piece" } }
• Ps 68:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Psalms.68.30", "source": "מֵֽ֭הֵיכָלֶךָ עַל־יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם לְךָ֤ יוֹבִ֖ילוּ מְלָכִ֣ים שָֽׁי׃", "text": "from-*hêkālekā* upon-*yərûšālāim* *ləkā* *yôbîlû* *məlākîm* *šāy*", "grammar": { "from-*hêkālekā*": "preposition מִן (from) + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular possessive suffix - 'from your temple'", "upon-*yərûšālāim*": "preposition עַל (upon/over) + proper noun - 'over Jerusalem'", "*ləkā*": "preposition לְ (to/for) with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'to you'", "*yôbîlû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will bring'", "*məlākîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'kings'", "*šāy*": "masculine singular noun - 'gift/tribute'" }, "variants": { "*hêkāl*": "temple/palace/sanctuary", "*yôbîlû*": "they will bring/they will carry/they will lead", "*šāy*": "gift/tribute/present" } }
• Ps 78:43-72 : 43 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.43", "source": "אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם בְּ֭מִצְרַיִם אֹֽתוֹתָ֑יו וּ֝מוֹפְתָ֗יו בִּשְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן׃", "text": "which-*śām* in-*miṣrayim* *ʾōtōtāyw* and-*mōphətāyw* in-*śədēh*-*ṣōʿan*", "grammar": { "*śām*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he placed/set", "*miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*ʾōtōtāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his signs", "*mōphətāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wonders/portents", "*śədēh*": "masculine singular construct - field of", "*ṣōʿan*": "proper name - Zoan" }, "variants": { "*śām*": "placed/set/established", "*ʾōtōtāyw*": "his signs/his tokens/his omens", "*mōphətāyw*": "his wonders/his portents/his miracles", "*śədēh*": "field/countryside/territory" } } 44 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.44", "source": "וַיַּהֲפֹ֣ךְ לְ֭דָם יְאֹרֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝נֹזְלֵיהֶ֗ם בַּל־יִשְׁתָּיֽוּן׃", "text": "*wə-yahăphōk* to-*dām* *yəʾōrêhem* and-*nōzlêhem* not-*yištāyûn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yahăphōk*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he turned/changed", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*yəʾōrêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rivers/streams", "*nōzlêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their flowing streams", "*yištāyûn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - they could drink" }, "variants": { "*yahăphōk*": "turned/changed/transformed", "*yəʾōrêhem*": "their rivers/their Nile streams/their canals", "*nōzlêhem*": "their flowing streams/their brooks/their water courses", "*yištāyûn*": "could drink/would drink" } } 45 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.45", "source": "יְשַׁלַּ֬ח בָּהֶ֣ם עָ֭רֹב וַיֹּאכְלֵ֑ם וּ֝צְפַרְדֵּ֗עַ וַתַּשְׁחִיתֵֽם׃", "text": "*yəšallaḥ* among-them *ʿārōb* *wə-yōʾklēm* and-*ṣəphardēaʿ* *wə-tašḥîtēm*", "grammar": { "*yəšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent", "*ʿārōb*": "masculine singular noun - swarm/flies", "*wə-yōʾklēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and they devoured them", "*ṣəphardēaʿ*": "feminine singular noun (collective) - frogs", "*wə-tašḥîtēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and it/they destroyed them" }, "variants": { "*yəšallaḥ*": "sent/let loose/sent forth", "*ʿārōb*": "swarm/flies/mixture of insects", "*ṣəphardēaʿ*": "frogs (collective)", "*wə-tašḥîtēm*": "destroyed them/brought ruin upon them" } } 46 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.46", "source": "וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לֶחָסִ֣יל יְבוּלָ֑ם וִֽ֝יגִיעָ֗ם לָאַרְבֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yittēn* to-*ḥāsîl* *yəbûlām* and-*yəgîʿām* to-the-*ʾarbeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yittēn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he gave", "*ḥāsîl*": "masculine singular noun - locust/caterpillar", "*yəbûlām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their produce", "*yəgîʿām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their labor/toil", "*ʾarbeh*": "masculine singular noun with article - the locust" }, "variants": { "*ḥāsîl*": "locust/caterpillar/devourer", "*yəbûlām*": "their produce/their crops/their yield", "*yəgîʿām*": "their labor/their toil/fruit of their labor", "*ʾarbeh*": "locust/grasshopper" } } 47 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.47", "source": "יַהֲרֹ֣ג בַּבָּרָ֣ד גַּפְנָ֑ם וְ֝שִׁקְמוֹתָ֗ם בַּֽחֲנָמַֽל׃", "text": "*yaharōg* with-the-*bārād* *gaphnām* and-*šiqmōtām* with-the-*ḥănāmal*", "grammar": { "*yaharōg*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he killed/destroyed", "*bārād*": "masculine singular noun with article - the hail", "*gaphnām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their vine", "*šiqmōtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sycamore trees", "*ḥănāmal*": "masculine singular noun with article - the frost/sleet" }, "variants": { "*yaharōg*": "killed/destroyed/slew", "*gaphnām*": "their vine/their vineyard", "*šiqmōtām*": "their sycamore trees/their fig-mulberry trees", "*ḥănāmal*": "frost/sleet/hail" } } 48 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.48", "source": "וַיַּסְגֵּ֣ר לַבָּרָ֣ד בְּעִירָ֑ם וּ֝מִקְנֵיהֶ֗ם לָרְשָׁפִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yasgēr* to-the-*bārād* *bəʿîrām* and-*miqnêhem* to-*rəšāphîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yasgēr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he delivered over/gave up", "*bārād*": "masculine singular noun with article - the hail", "*bəʿîrām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their cattle/beasts", "*miqnêhem*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their livestock/cattle", "*rəšāphîm*": "masculine plural noun - flames/fiery bolts/thunderbolts" }, "variants": { "*wə-yasgēr*": "delivered over/gave up/shut up", "*bəʿîrām*": "their cattle/their beasts/their livestock", "*miqnêhem*": "their livestock/their cattle/their possessions", "*rəšāphîm*": "flames/fiery bolts/lightning/thunderbolts" } } 49 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.49", "source": "יְשַׁלַּח־בָּ֨ם ׀ חֲר֬וֹן אַפּ֗וֹ עֶבְרָ֣ה וָזַ֣עַם וְצָרָ֑ה מִ֝שְׁלַ֗חַת מַלְאֲכֵ֥י רָעִֽים׃", "text": "*yəšallaḥ*-against-them *ḥărōn* *ʾappō* *ʿebrāh* and-*zaʿam* and-*ṣārāh* *mišlaḥat* *malʾăkê* *rāʿîm*", "grammar": { "*yəšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent", "*ḥărōn*": "masculine singular construct - burning of", "*ʾappō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger/nostrils", "*ʿebrāh*": "feminine singular noun - fury/wrath/overflow", "*zaʿam*": "masculine singular noun - indignation/anger", "*ṣārāh*": "feminine singular noun - distress/trouble", "*mišlaḥat*": "feminine singular construct - sending/deputation of", "*malʾăkê*": "masculine plural construct - messengers/angels of", "*rāʿîm*": "masculine plural adjective - evil/bad" }, "variants": { "*ḥărōn*": "burning/heat/fierceness", "*ʾappō*": "his anger/his wrath/his nose", "*ʿebrāh*": "fury/wrath/rage/overflow", "*zaʿam*": "indignation/anger/denouncement", "*ṣārāh*": "distress/trouble/affliction", "*mišlaḥat*": "sending/deputation/discharge", "*malʾăkê rāʿîm*": "messengers of evil/evil angels/angels of destruction" } } 50 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.50", "source": "יְפַלֵּ֥ס נָתִ֗יב לְאַ֫פּ֥וֹ לֹא־חָשַׂ֣ךְ מִמָּ֣וֶת נַפְשָׁ֑ם וְ֝חַיָּתָ֗ם לַדֶּ֥בֶר הִסְגִּֽיר׃", "text": "*yəphallēs* *nātîb* for-*ʾappō* not-*ḥāśak* from-*māwet* *naphšām* and-*ḥayyātām* to-the-*deber* *hisgîr*", "grammar": { "*yəphallēs*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he leveled/made a path", "*nātîb*": "masculine singular noun - path/way", "*ʾappō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger", "*ḥāśak*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he withheld/spared", "*māwet*": "masculine singular noun - death", "*naphšām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their soul/life", "*ḥayyātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their life", "*deber*": "masculine singular noun with article - the pestilence/plague", "*hisgîr*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he delivered over/gave up" }, "variants": { "*yəphallēs*": "leveled/made a path/prepared", "*nātîb*": "path/way/track", "*ʾappō*": "his anger/his wrath", "*ḥāśak*": "withheld/spared/kept back", "*naphšām*": "their soul/their life/themselves", "*ḥayyātām*": "their life/their living creatures", "*deber*": "pestilence/plague/disease", "*hisgîr*": "delivered over/gave up/surrendered" } } 51 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.51", "source": "וַיַּ֣ךְ כָּל־בְּכ֣וֹר בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם רֵאשִׁ֥ית א֝וֹנִ֗ים בְּאָהֳלֵי־חָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yak* all-*bəkōr* in-*miṣrayim* *rēʾšît* *ʾônîm* in-*ʾohŏlê*-*ḥām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yak*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he smote/struck", "*bəkōr*": "masculine singular noun - firstborn", "*miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*rēʾšît*": "feminine singular construct - beginning/first of", "*ʾônîm*": "masculine plural noun - strength/vigor/manly vigor", "*ʾohŏlê*": "masculine plural construct - tents of", "*ḥām*": "proper name - Ham" }, "variants": { "*wə-yak*": "smote/struck/hit", "*bəkōr*": "firstborn", "*rēʾšît*": "beginning/first/firstfruits", "*ʾônîm*": "strength/vigor/manly vigor/reproductive power", "*ʾohŏlê*": "tents/dwelling places", "*ḥām*": "Ham (progenitor of Egypt)" } } 52 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.52", "source": "וַיַּסַּ֣ע כַּצֹּ֣אן עַמּ֑וֹ וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֥ם כַּ֝עֵ֗דֶר בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yassaʿ* like-the-*ṣōʾn* *ʿammō* *wə-ynahăgēm* like-the-*ʿēder* in-the-*midbār*", "grammar": { "*wə-yassaʿ*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he set out/made to journey", "*ṣōʾn*": "feminine singular noun with article - the flock/sheep", "*ʿammō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people", "*wə-ynahăgēm*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and he led them", "*ʿēder*": "masculine singular noun with article - the flock/herd", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun with article - the wilderness/desert" }, "variants": { "*wə-yassaʿ*": "set out/made to journey/removed", "*ṣōʾn*": "flock/sheep/small cattle", "*wə-ynahăgēm*": "led them/guided them/drove them", "*ʿēder*": "flock/herd/drove" } } 53 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.53", "source": "וַיַּנְחֵ֣ם לָ֭בֶטַח וְלֹ֣א פָחָ֑דוּ וְאֶת־א֝וֹיְבֵיהֶ֗ם כִּסָּ֥ה הַיָּֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yanḥēm* to-*labeṭaḥ* and-not *pāḥādû* and-*ʾet*-*ʾôyəbêhem* *kissāh* the-*yām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yanḥēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and he led them", "*labeṭaḥ*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - to security/safety", "*pāḥādû*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they feared/were afraid", "*ʾôyəbêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*kissāh*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he covered", "*yām*": "masculine singular noun with article - the sea" }, "variants": { "*wə-yanḥēm*": "led them/guided them", "*labeṭaḥ*": "to security/safely/without fear", "*pāḥādû*": "feared/were afraid/were in dread", "*ʾôyəbêhem*": "their enemies/their foes" } } 54 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.54", "source": "וַ֭יְבִיאֵם אֶל־גְּב֣וּל קָדְשׁ֑וֹ הַר־זֶ֝֗ה קָנְתָ֥ה יְמִינֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yəbîʾēm* to-*gəbûl* *qodšō* *har*-this *qāntāh* *yəmînō*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəbîʾēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and he brought them", "*gəbûl*": "masculine singular construct - border/territory of", "*qodšō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his holiness/sanctuary", "*har*": "masculine singular noun - mountain/hill", "*qāntāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she acquired/bought", "*yəmînō*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his right hand" }, "variants": { "*wə-yəbîʾēm*": "brought them/caused them to come", "*gəbûl*": "border/territory/region", "*qodšō*": "his holiness/his sanctuary/his holy place", "*qāntāh*": "acquired/bought/purchased", "*yəmînō*": "his right hand/his strength" } } 55 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.55", "source": "וַיְגָ֤רֶשׁ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֨ם ׀ גּוֹיִ֗ם וַֽ֭יַּפִּילֵם בְּחֶ֣בֶל נַחֲלָ֑ה וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֥ן בְּ֝אָהֳלֵיהֶ֗ם שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-yəgāreš* from *pənêhem* *gôyim* *wə-yapîlēm* in *ḥeḇel naḥălâ* *wə-yaškēn* in *ʾohŏlêhem* *šiḇṭê yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəgāreš*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he drove out", "*pənêhem*": "from before them - preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles - masculine plural noun", "*wə-yapîlēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he made them fall/allotted them", "*ḥeḇel naḥălâ*": "measuring line of inheritance/portion - construct relationship", "*wə-yaškēn*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he caused to dwell", "*ʾohŏlêhem*": "in their tents - preposition with masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*šiḇṭê yiśrāʾēl*": "tribes of Israel - construct relationship" }, "variants": { "*wə-yəgāreš*": "drove out/expelled/banished", "*yapîlēm*": "caused them to fall/cast them down/allotted to them", "*ḥeḇel naḥălâ*": "measured inheritance/allotted portion/territory divided by measuring line", "*wə-yaškēn*": "caused to dwell/settled/made to inhabit" } } 56 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.56", "source": "וַיְנַסּ֣וּ וַ֭יַּמְרוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֣ים עֶלְי֑וֹן וְ֝עֵדוֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א שָׁמָֽרוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yənassû* *wə-yamrû* *ʾeṯ-ʾĕlōhîm ʿelyôn* *wə-ʿēḏôṯāyw* *lōʾ šāmārû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yənassû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they tested/tempted", "*wə-yamrû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they rebelled/provoked", "*ʾeṯ-ʾĕlōhîm*": "direct object marker + God - masculine plural noun (intensive plural)", "*ʿelyôn*": "Most High - masculine singular adjective, divine epithet", "*wə-ʿēḏôṯāyw*": "and his testimonies - feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*lōʾ šāmārû*": "not they kept - Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural with negative particle" }, "variants": { "*wə-yənassû*": "tested/tempted/tried", "*wə-yamrû*": "rebelled against/were contentious with/defied/provoked", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings/judges", "*ʿēḏôṯāyw*": "testimonies/decrees/statutes/ordinances" } } 57 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.57", "source": "וַיִּסֹּ֣גוּ וַֽ֭יִּבְגְּדוּ כַּאֲבוֹתָ֑ם נֶ֝הְפְּכ֗וּ כְּקֶ֣שֶׁת רְמִיָּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yissōḡû* *wə-yiḇgəḏû* *ka-ʾăḇôṯām* *nehpəḵû* *kə-qešeṯ rəmîyâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yissōḡû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they turned back", "*wə-yiḇgəḏû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they acted treacherously", "*ka-ʾăḇôṯām*": "like their fathers - preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*nehpəḵû*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they were turned/turned themselves", "*kə-qešeṯ*": "like a bow - preposition + feminine singular noun", "*rəmîyâ*": "deceitful/slack/treacherous - feminine singular adjective" }, "variants": { "*wə-yissōḡû*": "turned back/turned away/retreated", "*wə-yiḇgəḏû*": "acted treacherously/dealt faithlessly/betrayed", "*nehpəḵû*": "were turned/turned themselves/were transformed", "*qešeṯ rəmîyâ*": "deceitful bow/treacherous bow/unreliable bow" } } 58 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.58", "source": "וַיַּכְעִיס֥וּהוּ בְּבָמוֹתָ֑ם וּ֝בִפְסִילֵיהֶ֗ם יַקְנִיאֽוּהוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû* in *bāmôṯām* *û-ḇipsîlêhem* *yaqnîʾûhû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they provoked him to anger", "*bāmôṯām*": "in their high places - preposition + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*û-ḇipsîlêhem*": "and with their carved images - conjunction + preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*yaqnîʾûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they made him jealous" }, "variants": { "*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû*": "provoked him to anger/vexed him/made him indignant", "*bāmôṯām*": "high places/cult platforms/sacred heights", "*pəsîlêhem*": "carved images/idols/graven images", "*yaqnîʾûhû*": "made him jealous/moved him to jealousy/provoked his zeal" } } 59 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.59", "source": "שָׁמַ֣ע אֱ֭לֹהִים וַֽיִּתְעַבָּ֑ר וַיִּמְאַ֥ס מְ֝אֹ֗ד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*šāmaʿ ʾĕlōhîm* *wə-yiṯʿabbār* *wə-yimʾas məʾōḏ* in *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*šāmaʿ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he heard", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God - masculine plural noun (intensive plural)", "*wə-yiṯʿabbār*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he became furious", "*wə-yimʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he rejected/despised", "*məʾōḏ*": "exceedingly/greatly - adverb of intensity", "*b-yiśrāʾēl*": "in/against Israel - preposition + proper noun" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened/heeded", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings/judges", "*wə-yiṯʿabbār*": "became furious/was enraged/was deeply angry", "*wə-yimʾas*": "rejected/despised/disdained/refused" } } 60 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.60", "source": "וַ֭יִּטֹּשׁ מִשְׁכַּ֣ן שִׁל֑וֹ אֹ֝֗הֶל שִׁכֵּ֥ן בָּאָדָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yiṭṭōš miškan šilô* *ʾōhel šikkēn bā-ʾāḏām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiṭṭōš*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he abandoned/forsook", "*miškan*": "tabernacle/dwelling place of - construct form of masculine singular noun", "*šilô*": "Shiloh - proper noun, location", "*ʾōhel*": "tent - masculine singular noun", "*šikkēn*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he caused to dwell/pitched", "*bā-ʾāḏām*": "among men/in mankind - preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiṭṭōš*": "abandoned/forsook/rejected", "*miškan*": "tabernacle/dwelling place/abode", "*ʾōhel*": "tent/tabernacle/dwelling", "*šikkēn*": "caused to dwell/pitched/established", "*bā-ʾāḏām*": "among men/among mankind/among humanity" } } 61 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.61", "source": "וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לַשְּׁבִ֣י עֻזּ֑וֹ וְֽתִפְאַרְתּ֥וֹ בְיַד־צָֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yittēn la-šəḇî ʿuzzô* *wə-ṯiḇʾartô* in *yaḏ-ṣār*", "grammar": { "*wə-yittēn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he gave/delivered", "*la-šəḇî*": "to captivity - preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun", "*ʿuzzô*": "his strength/might - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*wə-ṯiḇʾartô*": "and his glory/beauty - conjunction + feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*yaḏ-ṣār*": "hand of adversary - construct relationship" }, "variants": { "*wə-yittēn*": "gave/delivered/handed over", "*šəḇî*": "captivity/imprisonment", "*ʿuzzô*": "his strength/his might/his power/his ark (metonymy)", "*ṯiḇʾartô*": "his glory/his beauty/his splendor", "*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe/oppressor" } } 62 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.62", "source": "וַיַּסְגֵּ֣ר לַחֶ֣רֶב עַמּ֑וֹ וּ֝בְנַחֲלָת֗וֹ הִתְעַבָּֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yasgēr la-ḥereḇ ʿammô* *û-ḇənaḥălāṯô hiṯʿabbār*", "grammar": { "*wə-yasgēr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he delivered over", "*la-ḥereḇ*": "to the sword - preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun", "*ʿammô*": "his people - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*û-ḇənaḥălāṯô*": "and against his inheritance - conjunction + preposition + feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*hiṯʿabbār*": "Hithpael perfect 3rd masculine singular - he was furious" }, "variants": { "*wə-yasgēr*": "delivered over/handed over/surrendered", "*ḥereḇ*": "sword/warfare/destruction", "*ʿammô*": "his people/his nation/his folk", "*naḥălāṯô*": "his inheritance/his possession/his people", "*hiṯʿabbār*": "was furious/was enraged/was angry" } } 63 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.63", "source": "בַּחוּרָ֥יו אָֽכְלָה־אֵ֑שׁ וּ֝בְתוּלֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א הוּלָּֽלוּ׃", "text": "*baḥûrāyw ʾāḵəlâ-ʾēš* *û-ḇəṯûlōṯāyw lōʾ hûllālû*", "grammar": { "*baḥûrāyw*": "his young men - masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*ʾāḵəlâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - consumed/devoured", "*ʾēš*": "fire - feminine singular noun", "*û-ḇəṯûlōṯāyw*": "and his virgins - conjunction + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*lōʾ*": "not - negative particle", "*hûllālû*": "Pual perfect 3rd common plural - were praised/were given in marriage" }, "variants": { "*baḥûrāyw*": "his young men/his chosen ones/his youth", "*ʾāḵəlâ-ʾēš*": "fire consumed/fire devoured", "*ḇəṯûlōṯāyw*": "his virgins/his maidens/his young women", "*hûllālû*": "were praised/were given in marriage/were celebrated with wedding songs" } } 64 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.64", "source": "כֹּ֭הֲנָיו בַּחֶ֣רֶב נָפָ֑לוּ וְ֝אַלְמְנֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִבְכֶּֽינָה׃", "text": "*kōhănāyw ba-ḥereḇ nāp̄ālû* *wə-ʾalmənoṯāyw lōʾ ṯiḇkênâ*", "grammar": { "*kōhănāyw*": "his priests - masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*ba-ḥereḇ*": "by the sword - preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun", "*nāp̄ālû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they fell", "*wə-ʾalmənoṯāyw*": "and his widows - conjunction + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*lōʾ*": "not - negative particle", "*ṯiḇkênâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - they would weep" }, "variants": { "*kōhănāyw*": "his priests/his ministers", "*ba-ḥereḇ*": "by the sword/in battle", "*nāp̄ālû*": "fell/died/were slain", "*ʾalmənoṯāyw*": "his widows/widows of his people", "*lōʾ ṯiḇkênâ*": "did not weep/could not weep/were not lamented for" } } 65 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.65", "source": "וַיִּקַ֖ץ כְּיָשֵׁ֥ן ׀ אֲדֹנָ֑י כְּ֝גִבּ֗וֹר מִתְרוֹנֵ֥ן מִיָּֽיִן׃", "text": "*wə-yiqaṣ kə-yāšēn ʾăḏōnāy* *kə-gibbôr miṯrônēn mi-yāyin*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqaṣ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he awoke", "*kə-yāšēn*": "like one sleeping - preposition + Qal active participle masculine singular", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "Lord/Master - divine name with 1st person plural possessive suffix", "*kə-gibbôr*": "like a mighty man - preposition + masculine singular noun", "*miṯrônēn*": "Hithpoel participle masculine singular - shouting/rejoicing", "*mi-yāyin*": "from wine - preposition + masculine singular noun" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiqaṣ*": "awoke/aroused/was awakened", "*kə-yāšēn*": "like one sleeping/like a sleeper", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "the Lord/my Lord/my Master", "*gibbôr*": "mighty man/warrior/hero", "*miṯrônēn*": "shouting/rejoicing/exulting", "*mi-yāyin*": "from wine/because of wine/overcome by wine" } } 66 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.66", "source": "וַיַּךְ־צָרָ֥יו אָח֑וֹר חֶרְפַּ֥ת ע֝וֹלָ֗ם נָ֣תַן לָֽמוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yak-ṣārāyw ʾāḥôr* *ḥerpaṯ ʿôlām nāṯan lāmô*", "grammar": { "*wə-yak*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he struck", "*ṣārāyw*": "his adversaries - masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*ʾāḥôr*": "backward/on their back - adverb", "*ḥerpaṯ*": "reproach of/disgrace of - construct form of feminine singular noun", "*ʿôlām*": "everlasting/perpetual - masculine singular noun", "*nāṯan*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he gave/put", "*lāmô*": "to them - preposition with archaic 3rd masculine plural suffix" }, "variants": { "*wə-yak*": "struck/smote/defeated", "*ṣārāyw*": "his adversaries/his enemies/his foes", "*ʾāḥôr*": "backward/on their backs/retreating", "*ḥerpaṯ ʿôlām*": "perpetual reproach/everlasting disgrace/eternal shame", "*lāmô*": "to them/upon them/against them" } } 67 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.67", "source": "וַ֭יִּמְאַס בְּאֹ֣הֶל יוֹסֵ֑ף וּֽבְשֵׁ֥בֶט אֶ֝פְרַ֗יִם לֹ֣א בָחָֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yimʾas bə-ʾōhel yôsēp̄* *û-ḇəšēḇeṭ ʾep̄rayim lōʾ ḇāḥār*", "grammar": { "*wə-yimʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he rejected", "*bə-ʾōhel*": "in the tent of - preposition + masculine singular construct", "*yôsēp̄*": "Joseph - proper noun", "*û-ḇəšēḇeṭ*": "and in the tribe of - conjunction + preposition + masculine singular construct", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "Ephraim - proper noun", "*lōʾ*": "not - negative particle", "*ḇāḥār*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he chose" }, "variants": { "*wə-yimʾas*": "rejected/refused/despised", "*ʾōhel yôsēp̄*": "tent of Joseph/dwelling of Joseph/tribe of Joseph", "*šēḇeṭ*": "tribe/clan/rod", "*lōʾ ḇāḥār*": "did not choose/refused to select" } } 68 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.68", "source": "וַ֭יִּבְחַר אֶת־שֵׁ֣בֶט יְהוּדָ֑ה אֶֽת־הַ֥ר צִ֝יּ֗וֹן אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהֵֽב׃", "text": "*wə-yiḇḥar ʾeṯ-šēḇeṭ yəhûḏâ* *ʾeṯ-har ṣîyôn ʾăšer ʾāhēḇ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiḇḥar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he chose", "*ʾeṯ-šēḇeṭ*": "direct object marker + tribe of - masculine singular construct", "*yəhûḏâ*": "Judah - proper noun", "*ʾeṯ-har*": "direct object marker + mountain of - masculine singular construct", "*ṣîyôn*": "Zion - proper noun", "*ʾăšer*": "which/that - relative pronoun", "*ʾāhēḇ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he loved" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiḇḥar*": "chose/selected/elected", "*šēḇeṭ yəhûḏâ*": "tribe of Judah/clan of Judah", "*har ṣîyôn*": "Mount Zion/hill of Zion/mountain of Zion", "*ʾāhēḇ*": "loved/cherished/desired" } } 69 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.69", "source": "וַיִּ֣בֶן כְּמוֹ־רָ֭מִים מִקְדָּשׁ֑וֹ כְּ֝אֶ֗רֶץ יְסָדָ֥הּ לְעוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yiḇen kəmô-rāmîm miqdāšô* *kə-ʾereṣ yəsāḏāh lə-ʿôlām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiḇen*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he built", "*kəmô-rāmîm*": "like heights/like high places - preposition + masculine plural noun", "*miqdāšô*": "his sanctuary - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*kə-ʾereṣ*": "like the earth - preposition + feminine singular noun", "*yəsāḏāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he founded it", "*lə-ʿôlām*": "for eternity/forever - preposition + masculine singular noun" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiḇen*": "built/constructed/established", "*kəmô-rāmîm*": "like high places/like heights/like heaven's heights", "*miqdāšô*": "his sanctuary/his holy place/his temple", "*yəsāḏāh*": "founded it/established it/settled it", "*lə-ʿôlām*": "forever/eternally/for all time" } } 70 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.70", "source": "וַ֭יִּבְחַר בְּדָוִ֣ד עַבְדּ֑וֹ וַ֝יִּקָּחֵ֗הוּ מִֽמִּכְלְאֹ֥ת צֹֽאן׃", "text": "*wə-yiḇḥar bə-ḏāwiḏ ʿaḇdô* *wə-yiqqāḥēhû mi-mmikləʾōṯ ṣōʾn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiḇḥar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he chose", "*bə-ḏāwiḏ*": "in David - preposition + proper noun", "*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*wə-yiqqāḥēhû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he took him", "*mi-mmikləʾōṯ*": "from sheepfolds - preposition + feminine plural noun", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock - feminine singular collective noun" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiḇḥar*": "chose/selected/elected", "*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant/his slave", "*wə-yiqqāḥēhû*": "took him/fetched him/brought him", "*mikləʾōṯ*": "sheepfolds/pens/enclosures", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock/small cattle" } } 71 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.71", "source": "מֵאַחַ֥ר עָל֗וֹת הֱבִ֫יא֥וֹ לִ֭רְעוֹת בְּיַעֲקֹ֣ב עַמּ֑וֹ וּ֝בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*mē-ʾaḥar ʿālôṯ hĕḇîʾô* *lirʿôṯ bə-yaʿăqōḇ ʿammô* *û-ḇəyiśrāʾēl naḥălāṯô*", "grammar": { "*mē-ʾaḥar*": "from after/from following - preposition + adverb", "*ʿālôṯ*": "nursing ewes - feminine plural noun", "*hĕḇîʾô*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he brought him", "*lirʿôṯ*": "to shepherd - Qal infinitive construct with preposition", "*bə-yaʿăqōḇ*": "in Jacob - preposition + proper noun", "*ʿammô*": "his people - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*û-ḇəyiśrāʾēl*": "and in Israel - conjunction + preposition + proper noun", "*naḥălāṯô*": "his inheritance - feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix" }, "variants": { "*mē-ʾaḥar ʿālôṯ*": "from following the nursing ewes/from tending the mother sheep", "*hĕḇîʾô*": "brought him/led him/took him", "*lirʿôṯ*": "to shepherd/to pasture/to tend", "*yaʿăqōḇ ʿammô*": "Jacob his people/his people Jacob", "*yiśrāʾēl naḥălāṯô*": "Israel his inheritance/his inheritance Israel" } } 72 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.72", "source": "וַ֭יִּרְעֵם כְּתֹ֣ם לְבָב֑וֹ וּבִתְבוּנ֖וֹת כַּפָּ֣יו יַנְחֵֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yirʿēm kə-ṯōm ləḇāḇô* *û-ḇiṯḇûnôṯ kappāyw yanḥēm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yirʿēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he shepherded them", "*kə-ṯōm*": "according to integrity of - preposition + masculine singular construct", "*ləḇāḇô*": "his heart - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*û-ḇiṯḇûnôṯ*": "and with skillfulness of - conjunction + preposition + feminine plural construct", "*kappāyw*": "his hands/his palms - dual noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*yanḥēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - he guided them" }, "variants": { "*wə-yirʿēm*": "shepherded them/pastured them/tended them", "*ṯōm ləḇāḇô*": "integrity of his heart/wholeness of his heart/blamelessness of his heart", "*ṯḇûnôṯ kappāyw*": "skillfulness of his hands/understanding of his hands/discernment of his palms", "*yanḥēm*": "guided them/led them/directed them" } }
• Ps 87:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.87.4", "source": "אַזְכִּ֤יר ׀ רַ֥הַב וּבָבֶ֗ל לְֽיֹ֫דְעָ֥י הִנֵּ֤ה פְלֶ֣שֶׁת וְצ֣וֹר עִם־כּ֑וּשׁ זֶ֝֗ה יֻלַּד־שָֽׁם׃", "text": "*ʾazkîr* *rahab* *ûbābel* to-*yōdəʿāy* *hinnēh* *pəlešet* *wəṣôr* with-*kûš* *zeh* *yullad*-*šām*", "grammar": { "*ʾazkîr*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular - I will mention/cause to remember", "*rahab*": "proper name - Rahab (poetic name for Egypt)", "*ûbābel*": "conjunction + proper name - and Babylon", "*yōdəʿāy*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - those knowing me/my knowers", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*pəlešet*": "proper name - Philistia", "*wəṣôr*": "conjunction + proper name - and Tyre", "*kûš*": "proper name - Cush/Ethiopia", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun - this one", "*yullad*-*šām*": "Pual perfect 3rd person masculine singular + adverb - was born there" }, "variants": { "*ʾazkîr*": "I will mention/I will cause to remember/I will record", "*rahab*": "Egypt/arrogance/storm", "*yōdəʿāy*": "those who know me/my acquaintances", "*hinnēh*": "behold/see/look", "*yullad*": "was born/originated/came into being" } }
• Ps 105:27-45 : 27 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.27", "source": "שָֽׂמוּ־בָ֭ם דִּבְרֵ֣י אֹתוֹתָ֑יו וּ֝מֹפְתִ֗ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חָֽם׃", "text": "*śāmū*-in-them *dibrēy* *ʾōtōtāyw* *ū-mōpətīm* in-*ʾereṣ* *Ḥām*", "grammar": { "*śāmū*": "qal perfect, 3mp - they placed", "*dibrēy*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*ʾōtōtāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3ms suffix - his signs", "*ū-mōpətīm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and wonders", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Ḥām*": "proper name - Ham" }, "variants": { "*śāmū*": "placed/put/performed", "*dibrēy*": "words/matters/acts", "*ʾōtōtāyw*": "his signs/tokens/miraculous indicators", "*mōpətīm*": "wonders/portents/miracles", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/territory/country", "*Ḥām*": "Ham (poetic reference to Egypt)" } } 28 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.28", "source": "שָׁ֣לַֽח חֹ֭שֶׁךְ וַיַּחְשִׁ֑ךְ וְלֹֽא־מָ֝ר֗וּ אֶת־*דברוו **דְּבָרֽוֹ׃", "text": "*šālaḥ* *ḥōšek* *wa-yyaḥšik* *wə-lōʾ*-*mārū* *ʾet*-*dəbārō*", "grammar": { "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he sent", "*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*wa-yyaḥšik*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and it became dark", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*mārū*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they rebelled against", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dəbārō*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3ms suffix - his word" }, "variants": { "*šālaḥ*": "sent/dispatched", "*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*wa-yyaḥšik*": "and it became dark/darkened", "*mārū*": "rebelled against/disobeyed/defied", "*dəbārō*": "his word/command/speech" } } 29 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.29", "source": "הָפַ֣ךְ אֶת־מֵימֵיהֶ֣ם לְדָ֑ם וַ֝יָּ֗מֶת אֶת־דְּגָתָֽם׃", "text": "*hāpak* *ʾet*-*mēymēyhem* to-*dām* *wa-yyāmet* *ʾet*-*dəgātām*", "grammar": { "*hāpak*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he turned", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mēymēyhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3mp suffix - their waters", "*dām*": "noun, masculine singular - blood", "*wa-yyāmet*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and he killed", "*dəgātām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their fish" }, "variants": { "*hāpak*": "turned/changed/transformed", "*mēymēyhem*": "their waters/fluids", "*dām*": "blood/bloodshed", "*wa-yyāmet*": "and he killed/caused to die", "*dəgātām*": "their fish/aquatic creatures" } } 30 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.30", "source": "שָׁרַ֣ץ אַרְצָ֣ם צְפַרְדְּעִ֑ים בְּ֝חַדְרֵ֗י מַלְכֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*šāraṣ* *ʾarṣām* *ṣəpardəʿīm* in-*ḥadrēy* *malkēyhem*", "grammar": { "*šāraṣ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - it teemed/swarmed", "*ʾarṣām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their land", "*ṣəpardəʿīm*": "noun, masculine plural - frogs", "*ḥadrēy*": "noun, masculine plural construct - chambers of", "*malkēyhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3mp suffix - their kings" }, "variants": { "*šāraṣ*": "teemed/swarmed/bred abundantly", "*ʾarṣām*": "their land/territory/country", "*ṣəpardəʿīm*": "frogs/amphibians", "*ḥadrēy*": "chambers/rooms/inner quarters", "*malkēyhem*": "their kings/rulers" } } 31 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.31", "source": "אָ֭מַר וַיָּבֹ֣א עָרֹ֑ב כִּ֝נִּ֗ים בְּכָל־גְּבוּלָֽם׃", "text": "*ʾāmar* *wa-yyābōʾ* *ʿārōb* *kinnīm* in-all-*gəbūlām*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he said/spoke", "*wa-yyābōʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and it came", "*ʿārōb*": "noun, masculine singular - swarm (of flies)", "*kinnīm*": "noun, feminine plural - gnats/lice", "*gəbūlām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their territory" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*wa-yyābōʾ*": "and it came/arrived", "*ʿārōb*": "swarm (of flies)/mixture of insects", "*kinnīm*": "gnats/lice/mosquitoes", "*gəbūlām*": "their territory/border/region" } } 32 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.32", "source": "נָתַ֣ן גִּשְׁמֵיהֶ֣ם בָּרָ֑ד אֵ֖שׁ לֶהָב֣וֹת בְּאַרְצָֽם׃", "text": "*nātan* *gišmēyhem* *bārād* *ʾēš* *lehābōt* in-*ʾarṣām*", "grammar": { "*nātan*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he gave", "*gišmēyhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3mp suffix - their rains", "*bārād*": "noun, masculine singular - hail", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*lehābōt*": "noun, feminine plural - flames", "*ʾarṣām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their land" }, "variants": { "*nātan*": "gave/made/appointed/turned", "*gišmēyhem*": "their rains/showers/precipitation", "*bārād*": "hail/ice pellets", "*ʾēš*": "fire/lightning", "*lehābōt*": "flames/blazes", "*ʾarṣām*": "their land/country/territory" } } 33 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.33", "source": "וַיַּ֣ךְ גַּ֭פְנָם וּתְאֵנָתָ֑ם וַ֝יְשַׁבֵּ֗ר עֵ֣ץ גְּבוּלָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yyak* *gapnām* *ū-təʾēnātām* *wa-yəšabbēr* *ʿēṣ* *gəbūlām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyak*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and he struck", "*gapnām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their vine", "*ū-təʾēnātām*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - and their fig tree", "*wa-yəšabbēr*": "conjunction + piel imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and he broke", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - tree of", "*gəbūlām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their territory" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyak*": "and he struck/smote/hit", "*gapnām*": "their vine/vineyard", "*təʾēnātām*": "their fig tree/fig grove", "*wa-yəšabbēr*": "and he broke/shattered/splintered", "*ʿēṣ*": "tree/wood/timber", "*gəbūlām*": "their territory/border/region" } } 34 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.34", "source": "אָ֭מַר וַיָּבֹ֣א אַרְבֶּ֑ה וְ֝יֶ֗לֶק וְאֵ֣ין מִסְפָּֽר׃", "text": "*ʾāmar* *wa-yyābōʾ* *ʾarbeh* *wə-yeleq* *wə-ʾēyn* *mispār*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he said/spoke", "*wa-yyābōʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and it came", "*ʾarbeh*": "noun, masculine singular - locust", "*wə-yeleq*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and young locust", "*wə-ʾēyn*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and no", "*mispār*": "noun, masculine singular - number/count" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*wa-yyābōʾ*": "and it came/arrived", "*ʾarbeh*": "locust/grasshopper", "*yeleq*": "young locust/caterpillar/hopper", "*mispār*": "number/count/quantity" } } 35 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.35", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אכַל כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב בְּאַרְצָ֑ם וַ֝יֹּ֗אכַל פְּרִ֣י אַדְמָתָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yyōʾkal* all-*ʿēśeb* in-*ʾarṣām* *wa-yyōʾkal* *pərī* *ʾadmātām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyōʾkal*": "conjunction + qal imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and it ate", "*ʿēśeb*": "noun, masculine singular - vegetation/herb", "*ʾarṣām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their land", "*pərī*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fruit of", "*ʾadmātām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their ground" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyōʾkal*": "and it ate/consumed/devoured", "*ʿēśeb*": "vegetation/herb/plant/grass", "*ʾarṣām*": "their land/country/territory", "*pərī*": "fruit/produce/yield", "*ʾadmātām*": "their ground/soil/land" } } 36 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.36", "source": "וַיַּ֣ךְ כָּל־בְּכ֣וֹר בְּאַרְצָ֑ם רֵ֝אשִׁ֗ית לְכָל־אוֹנָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yyak* all-*bəkōr* in-*ʾarṣām* *rēʾšīt* to-all-*ʾōnām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyak*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and he struck", "*bəkōr*": "noun, masculine singular - firstborn", "*ʾarṣām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their land", "*rēʾšīt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - first/beginning of", "*ʾōnām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their strength" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyak*": "and he struck/smote/killed", "*bəkōr*": "firstborn/eldest son", "*ʾarṣām*": "their land/country/territory", "*rēʾšīt*": "first/beginning/firstfruits", "*ʾōnām*": "their strength/vigor/might/manhood" } } 37 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.37", "source": "וַֽ֭יּוֹצִיאֵם בְּכֶ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֑ב וְאֵ֖ין בִּשְׁבָטָ֣יו כּוֹשֵֽׁל׃", "text": "*wa-yyōṣīʾēm* in-*kesep* *wə-zāhāb* *wə-ʾēyn* in-*šəbāṭāyw* *kōšēl*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyōṣīʾēm*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect (consecutive), 3ms with 3mp suffix - and he brought them out", "*kesep*": "noun, masculine singular - silver", "*wə-zāhāb*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and gold", "*wə-ʾēyn*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and no", "*šəbāṭāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3ms suffix - his tribes", "*kōšēl*": "qal participle, masculine singular - stumbling" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyōṣīʾēm*": "and he brought them out/led them forth", "*kesep*": "silver/money", "*zāhāb*": "gold/golden objects", "*šəbāṭāyw*": "his tribes/clans", "*kōšēl*": "stumbling/faltering/weak" } } 38 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.38", "source": "שָׂמַ֣ח מִצְרַ֣יִם בְּצֵאתָ֑ם כִּֽי־נָפַ֖ל פַּחְדָּ֣ם עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*śāmaḥ* *Miṣrayim* in-*ṣēʾtām* for-*nāpal* *paḥdām* upon-them", "grammar": { "*śāmaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he rejoiced", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*ṣēʾtām*": "qal infinitive construct with 3mp suffix - their going out", "*nāpal*": "qal perfect, 3ms - it fell", "*paḥdām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3mp suffix - dread of them", "*ʿălēyhem*": "preposition with 3mp suffix - upon them" }, "variants": { "*śāmaḥ*": "rejoiced/was glad", "*ṣēʾtām*": "their going out/departure/exodus", "*nāpal*": "fell/descended/came down", "*paḥdām*": "dread of them/fear of them/terror of them" } } 39 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.39", "source": "פָּרַ֣שׂ עָנָ֣ן לְמָסָ֑ךְ וְ֝אֵ֗שׁ לְהָאִ֥יר לָֽיְלָה׃", "text": "*pāraś* *ʿānān* for-*māsāk* *wə-ʾēš* to-*hāʾīr* *lāylāh*", "grammar": { "*pāraś*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he spread", "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*māsāk*": "noun, masculine singular - covering", "*wə-ʾēš*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and fire", "*hāʾīr*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to give light", "*lāylāh*": "noun, masculine singular - night" }, "variants": { "*pāraś*": "spread/stretched out/extended", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/cloud mass", "*māsāk*": "covering/screen/curtain", "*hāʾīr*": "to give light/illuminate/shine", "*lāylāh*": "night/nighttime" } } 40 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.40", "source": "שָׁאַ֣ל וַיָּבֵ֣א שְׂלָ֑ו וְלֶ֥חֶם שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם יַשְׂבִּיעֵֽם׃", "text": "*šāʾal* *wa-yyābēʾ* *śəlāw* *wə-leḥem* *šāmayim* *yaśbīʿēm*", "grammar": { "*šāʾal*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he asked", "*wa-yyābēʾ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and he brought", "*śəlāw*": "noun, masculine singular - quail", "*wə-leḥem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and bread of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heaven", "*yaśbīʿēm*": "hiphil imperfect, 3ms with 3mp suffix - he satisfied them" }, "variants": { "*šāʾal*": "asked/requested/inquired", "*wa-yyābēʾ*": "and he brought/caused to come", "*śəlāw*": "quail/game bird", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/sustenance", "*šāmayim*": "heaven/sky", "*yaśbīʿēm*": "satisfied them/filled them/satiated them" } } 41 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.41", "source": "פָּ֣תַח צ֭וּר וַיָּז֣וּבוּ מָ֑יִם הָ֝לְכ֗וּ בַּצִּיּ֥וֹת נָהָֽר׃", "text": "*pātaḥ* *ṣūr* *wa-yyāzūbū* *māyim* *hālkū* in-the-*ṣiyyōt* *nāhār*", "grammar": { "*pātaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he opened", "*ṣūr*": "noun, masculine singular - rock", "*wa-yyāzūbū*": "conjunction + qal imperfect (consecutive), 3mp - and they flowed", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters", "*hālkū*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they went", "*ṣiyyōt*": "noun, feminine plural - dry places", "*nāhār*": "noun, masculine singular - river" }, "variants": { "*pātaḥ*": "opened/unlocked/released", "*ṣūr*": "rock/cliff/crag", "*wa-yyāzūbū*": "and they flowed/gushed/streamed", "*māyim*": "waters/liquid", "*hālkū*": "went/flowed/ran", "*ṣiyyōt*": "dry places/deserts/parched regions", "*nāhār*": "river/stream/flow" } } 42 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.42", "source": "כִּֽי־זָ֭כַר אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר קָדְשׁ֑וֹ אֶֽת־אַבְרָהָ֥ם עַבְדּֽוֹ׃", "text": "For-*zākar* *ʾet*-*dəbar* *qodšō* *ʾet*-*ʾAbrāhām* *ʿabdō*", "grammar": { "*zākar*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he remembered", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dəbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word of", "*qodšō*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3ms suffix - his holiness", "*ʾAbrāhām*": "proper name - Abraham", "*ʿabdō*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3ms suffix - his servant" }, "variants": { "*zākar*": "remembered/recalled/was mindful of", "*dəbar*": "word/promise/matter", "*qodšō*": "his holiness/his sacred promise", "*ʿabdō*": "his servant/slave" } } 43 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.43", "source": "וַיּוֹצִ֣א עַמּ֣וֹ בְשָׂשׂ֑וֹן בְּ֝רִנָּ֗ה אֶת־בְּחִירָֽיו׃", "text": "*wa-yyōṣiʾ* *ʿammō* in-*śāśōn* in-*rinnāh* *ʾet*-*bəḥīrāyw*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyōṣiʾ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and he brought out", "*ʿammō*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3ms suffix - his people", "*śāśōn*": "noun, masculine singular - gladness", "*rinnāh*": "noun, feminine singular - joy/singing", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bəḥīrāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3ms suffix - his chosen ones" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyōṣiʾ*": "and he brought out/led forth", "*ʿammō*": "his people/nation", "*śāśōn*": "gladness/joy/delight", "*rinnāh*": "joy/singing/jubilant shouting", "*bəḥīrāyw*": "his chosen ones/his elect" } } 44 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.44", "source": "וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לָ֭הֶם אַרְצ֣וֹת גּוֹיִ֑ם וַעֲמַ֖ל לְאֻמִּ֣ים יִירָֽשׁוּ׃", "text": "*wa-yyittēn* to-them *ʾarṣōt* *gōyīm* *wa-ʿămal* *ləʾummīm* *yīrāšū*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyittēn*": "conjunction + qal imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and he gave", "*ʾarṣōt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - lands of", "*gōyīm*": "noun, masculine plural - nations", "*wa-ʿămal*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and labor of", "*ləʾummīm*": "noun, masculine plural - peoples", "*yīrāšū*": "qal imperfect, 3mp - they inherited" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyittēn*": "and he gave/granted/bestowed", "*ʾarṣōt*": "lands/territories/countries", "*gōyīm*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*ʿămal*": "labor/toil/product of labor", "*ləʾummīm*": "peoples/nations/communities", "*yīrāšū*": "they inherited/possessed/took possession of" } } 45 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.45", "source": "בַּעֲב֤וּר ׀ יִשְׁמְר֣וּ חֻ֭קָּיו וְתוֹרֹתָ֥יו יִנְצֹ֗רוּ הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃", "text": "In-*ʿăbūr* *yišmərū* *ḥuqqāyw* *wə-tōrōtāyw* *yinṣōrū* *halləlū*-*Yāh*", "grammar": { "*ʿăbūr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for the sake of", "*yišmərū*": "qal imperfect, 3mp - they would keep", "*ḥuqqāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3ms suffix - his statutes", "*wə-tōrōtāyw*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural construct with 3ms suffix - and his laws", "*yinṣōrū*": "qal imperfect, 3mp - they would observe", "*halləlū*": "piel imperative, masculine plural - praise", "*Yāh*": "proper name, shortened form - the LORD" }, "variants": { "*ʿăbūr*": "for the sake of/in order that/because", "*yišmərū*": "they would keep/observe/guard", "*ḥuqqāyw*": "his statutes/decrees/ordinances", "*tōrōtāyw*": "his laws/instructions/teachings", "*yinṣōrū*": "they would observe/keep/preserve", "*halləlū*": "praise/laud/commend", "*Yāh*": "Yah/the LORD (shortened form of YHWH)" } }