1 Samuel 18:1

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.1", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י כְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן נִקְשְׁרָ֖ה בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ דָּוִ֑ד *ויאהבו **וַיֶּאֱהָבֵ֥הוּ יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "And *wa-yəhî* when *kə-kallôtô* to *dabbēr* to *Šāʾûl*, and *nepeš* *Yəhônātān* *niqšərâ* in *nepeš* *Dāwid*; and *wa-yeʾĕhābēhû* *Yəhônātān* as *nepeš* his own.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3ms - and it happened/came to pass", "*kə-kallôtô*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - when he finished/completed", "*dabbēr*": "piel infinitive construct - to speak", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*nepeš*": "feminine singular noun - soul/self/life", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*niqšərâ*": "niphal perfect, 3fs - was bound/knit together", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*wa-yeʾĕhābēhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he loved him", "*kə-napšô*": "preposition + noun + 3ms suffix - as his own soul/self" }, "variants": { "*nepeš*": "soul/life/self/person/being", "*niqšərâ*": "was bound/knit together/tied/connected", "*ʾāhēb*": "love/affection/devotion" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיְהִ֗י כְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן נִקְשְׁרָ֖ה בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ דָּוִ֑ד *ויאהבו **וַיֶּאֱהָבֵ֥הוּ יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃

Transliteration

And wa-yəhî when kə-kallôtô to dabbēr to Šāʾûl, and nepeš Yəhônātān niqšərâ in nepeš Dāwid; and wa-yeʾĕhābēhû Yəhônātān as nepeš his own.

Grammar Details

• *wa-yəhî*: conjunction + imperfect, 3ms - and it happened/came to pass
• *kə-kallôtô*: preposition + infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - when he finished/completed
• *dabbēr*: piel infinitive construct - to speak
• *Šāʾûl*: proper noun - Saul
• *nepeš*: feminine singular noun - soul/self/life
• *Yəhônātān*: proper noun - Jonathan
• *niqšərâ*: niphal perfect, 3fs - was bound/knit together
• *Dāwid*: proper noun - David
• *wa-yeʾĕhābēhû*: conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he loved him
• *kə-napšô*: preposition + noun + 3ms suffix - as his own soul/self

Word Meanings

• *nepeš*: soul/life/self/person/being
• *niqšərâ*: was bound/knit together/tied/connected
• *ʾāhēb*: love/affection/devotion

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  When David had finished speaking to Saul, Jonathan's soul was deeply connected to David's, and Jonathan loved him as much as he loved his own life.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And it came to pass, when he had finished speaking to Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And whan he had made an ende of talkynge with Saul, the soule of Ionathas was bounde with the soule of Dauid, and Ionathas loued him as his owne soule.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And when he had made an ende of speaking vnto Saul, the soule of Ionathan was knit with the soule of Dauid, & Ionathan loued him, as his owne soule.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And whe he had made an end of speaking vnto Saul, the soule of Ionathan was knit with the soule of Dauid, and Ionathan loued him as his owne soule.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  It happened, when he had made an end of speaking to Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And it cometh to pass, when he finisheth to speak unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan hath been bound to the soul of David, and Jonathan loveth him as his own soul.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Now after David's talk with Saul was ended, the soul of Jonathan was joined with the soul of David, and David became as dear to him as his very life.

• World English Bible (2000)

  It happened, when he had made an end of speaking to Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Saul Comes to Fear David When David had finished talking with Saul, Jonathan and David became bound together in close friendship. Jonathan loved David as much as he did his own life.

Referenced Verses

• 2 Sam 1:26 : 26 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.1.26", "source": "צַר־לִ֣י עָלֶ֗יךָ אָחִי֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן נָעַ֥מְתָּ לִּ֖י מְאֹ֑ד נִפְלְאַ֤תָה אַהֲבָֽתְךָ֙ לִ֔י מֵאַהֲבַ֖ת נָשִֽׁים׃", "text": "*ṣar-lî* for you, my brother *yəhônātān*, *nāʿamtā* to me very much. *niplə'atâ* your *'ahăbātkā* to me, from *'ahăbat* *nāšîm*.", "grammar": { "*ṣar-lî*": "adjective with preposition and 1st person singular suffix - distressed for me", "*yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*nāʿamtā*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you were pleasant", "*niplə'atâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it was wonderful", "*'ahăbātkā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your love", "*'ahăbat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - love of", "*nāšîm*": "noun, feminine plural - women" }, "variants": { "*ṣar-lî ʿālêkā*": "I am distressed for you/I grieve for you", "*nāʿamtā lî məʾōd*": "you were very pleasant to me/very precious were you to me", "*niplə'atâ 'ahăbātkā lî mē'ahăbat nāšîm*": "your love for me was more wonderful than the love of women/your love to me was extraordinary, surpassing the love of women" } }
• Gen 44:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Genesis.44.30", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה כְּבֹאִי֙ אֶל־עַבְדְּךָ֣ אָבִ֔י וְהַנַּ֖עַר אֵינֶ֣נּוּ אִתָּ֑נוּ וְנַפְשׁ֖וֹ קְשׁוּרָ֥ה בְנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "And now *wəʿattâ* when I come *kəbōʾî* to *ʾel*-your servant *ʿabdəkā* my father *ʾābî* and the *wəhannaʿar* is not *ʾênennû* with us *ʾittānû* and his *wənapšô* bound *qəšûrâ* to his *bənapšô*", "grammar": { "*wəʿattâ*": "waw-conjunction + adverb - and now", "*kəbōʾî*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - when I come", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*ʿabdəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*ʾābî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my father", "*wəhannaʿar*": "waw-conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the young man", "*ʾênennû*": "negative particle with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he is not", "*ʾittānû*": "preposition with 1st person common plural suffix - with us", "*wənapšô*": "waw-conjunction + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his soul", "*qəšûrâ*": "Qal passive participle, feminine singular - bound", "*bənapšô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to his soul" }, "variants": { "*wəʿattâ*": "and now/so now/therefore now", "*kəbōʾî*": "when I come/as I come/when I arrive", "*ʿabdəkā*": "your servant/your slave", "*hannaʿar*": "the young man/the lad/the boy", "*ʾênennû*": "he is not/is not/not", "*napšô*": "his soul/his life/his heart", "*qəšûrâ bənapšô*": "bound to his soul/tied to his life/knit to his heart" } }
• 1 Sam 20:17 : 17 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.17", "source": "וַיּ֤וֹסֶף יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ לְהַשְׁבִּ֣יעַ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד בְּאַהֲבָת֖וֹ אֹת֑וֹ כִּֽי־אַהֲבַ֥ת נַפְשׁ֖וֹ אֲהֵבֽוֹ׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyôsep* *yehônātān* *lehaškpîaʿ* *ʾet*-*dāwid* in-*ʾahăbâtô* *ʾōtô*; for-*ʾahăbat* *napšô* *ʾăhēbô*", "grammar": { "*wayyôsep*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he added/continued'", "*yehônātān*": "proper name - 'Jonathan'", "*lehaškpîaʿ*": "preposition with Hiphil infinitive construct - 'to make swear'", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dāwid*": "proper name - 'David'", "*ʾahăbâtô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his love'", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'him'", "*ʾahăbat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'love of'", "*napšô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his soul'", "*ʾăhēbô*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'he loved him'" }, "variants": { "*wayyôsep*": "and he added/continued/proceeded", "*lehaškpîaʿ*": "to cause to swear/to make take an oath", "*ʾahăbâtô*": "his love for", "*napšô*": "his soul/life/self", "*ʾăhēbô*": "he loved him" } }
• 1 Sam 19:2 : 2 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.19.2", "source": "וַיַּגֵּ֤ד יְהוֹנָתָן֙ לְדָוִ֣ד לֵאמֹ֔ר מְבַקֵּ֛שׁ שָׁא֥וּל אָבִ֖י לַהֲמִיתֶ֑ךָ וְעַתָּה֙ הִשָּֽׁמֶר־נָ֣א בַבֹּ֔קֶר וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֥ בַסֵּ֖תֶר וְנַחְבֵּֽאתָ׃", "text": "And *wayyaggēḏ* *Yehônāṯān* to *Dāwid* *lēʾmōr*, \"*meḇaqqēš* *Šāʾûl* my *ʾāḇî* to *lahămîṯeḵā*; so now *hiššāmer*-*nāʾ* in the *baḇōqer*, and *weyāšaḇtā* in the *bassēṯer* and *wenaḥbēʾṯā*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyaggēḏ*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he told'", "*Yehônāṯān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Jonathan'", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'David'", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - 'saying'", "*meḇaqqēš*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - 'seeking'", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Saul'", "*ʾāḇî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - 'my father'", "*lahămîṯeḵā*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'to kill you'", "*hiššāmer*": "Niphal imperative, masculine singular - 'be on guard'", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - 'please'", "*baḇōqer*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the morning'", "*weyāšaḇtā*": "waw-consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - 'and you shall stay/sit'", "*bassēṯer*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the hiding place/secret place'", "*wenaḥbēʾṯā*": "waw-consecutive + Niphal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - 'and you shall hide yourself'" }, "variants": { "*wayyaggēḏ*": "told/reported/informed", "*meḇaqqēš*": "seeking/trying/planning", "*hiššāmer*": "be on guard/take care/watch yourself", "*bassēṯer*": "in hiding/in a secret place/in concealment", "*wenaḥbēʾṯā*": "hide yourself/conceal yourself" } }
• Deut 13:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.13.6", "source": "וְהַנָּבִ֣יא הַה֡וּא א֣וֹ חֹלֵם֩ הַחֲל֨וֹם הַה֜וּא יוּמָ֗ת כִּ֣י דִבֶּר־סָ֠רָה עַל־יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֜ם הַמּוֹצִ֥יא אֶתְכֶ֣ם ׀ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם וְהַפֹּֽדְךָ֙ מִבֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֔ים לְהַדִּֽיחֲךָ֙ מִן־הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֧ר צִוְּךָ֛ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לָלֶ֣כֶת בָּ֑הּ וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "And-the-*nābîʾ* the-*hahûʾ* or *ḥōlēm* the-*ḥălôm* the-*hahûʾ* shall-be-*yûmāt* because he-*dibbēr*-*sārāh* against-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* the-one-*hammôṣîʾ* *ʾetkem* from-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* and-the-*happōdkā* from-*bêt* *ʿăbādîm* to-*lĕhaddîḥăkā* from-the-*hadderek* which *ṣiwwĕkā* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* to-*lāleket* in-her; and-you-shall-*ûbiʿartā* the-*hārāʿ* from-*miqqirbekā*.", "grammar": { "*nābîʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the prophet", "*hahûʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*ḥōlēm*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - dreamer of", "*ḥălôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the dream", "*yûmāt*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall be put to death", "*dibbēr*": "piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he spoke", "*sārāh*": "noun, feminine singular - rebellion/apostasy/defection", "*hammôṣîʾ*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one bringing out", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*happōdkā*": "qal participle, masculine singular with definite article and 2nd person masculine singular suffix - the one redeeming you", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʿăbādîm*": "noun, masculine plural - slaves/servants", "*lĕhaddîḥăkā*": "preposition lamed + hiphil infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to lead you astray", "*hadderek*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the way", "*ṣiwwĕkā*": "piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he commanded you", "*lāleket*": "preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct - to walk", "*ûbiʿartā*": "piel perfect with waw consecutive, 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall purge/remove", "*hārāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the evil", "*miqqirbekā*": "preposition min + noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from your midst" }, "variants": { "*mût*": "die/be killed/put to death", "*sārāh*": "rebellion/apostasy/turning aside", "*yāṣāʾ*": "go out/come out/bring out", "*pādāh*": "redeem/ransom/rescue", "*nādaḥ*": "lead astray/mislead/banish", "*derek*": "way/road/journey/manner", "*ṣāwāh*": "command/order/instruct", "*hālak*": "walk/go/follow", "*bāʿar*": "burn/consume/remove/purge", "*raʿ*": "evil/wicked/bad", "*qereb*": "midst/among/within" } }
• Judg 20:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Judges.20.11", "source": "וַיֵּֽאָסֵ֞ף כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־הָעִ֔יר כְּאִ֥ישׁ אֶחָ֖ד חֲבֵרִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yē'āsēp kol-'îš yiśrā'ēl 'el-hā-ʿîr kə-'îš 'eḥād ḥăbērîm*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yē'āsēp*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and was gathered", "*kol-'îš*": "construct - every man of", "*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*'el-hā-ʿîr*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - to the city", "*kə-'îš*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - as a man", "*'eḥād*": "numeral - one", "*ḥăbērîm*": "masculine plural noun - companions/associates/united" }, "variants": { "*yē'āsēp*": "gathered/assembled/was united", "*ʿîr*": "city/town", "*kə-'îš 'eḥād*": "as one man/in unity/unanimously", "*ḥăbērîm*": "companions/associates/allies/united" } }
• 1 Sam 14:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.14.1", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י הַיּ֗וֹם וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹנָתָ֤ן בֶּן־שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־הַנַּ֙עַר֙ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֔יו לְכָ֗ה וְנַעְבְּרָה֙ אֶל־מַצַּ֣ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַלָּ֑ז וּלְאָבִ֖יו לֹ֥א הִגִּֽיד׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* the *yôm*, and *wayyōʾmer* *Yônātān* son-of-*Šāʾûl* to-the *naʿar* *nōśēʾ* *kēlāyw*: *ləkāh* and-*wənaʿbərāh* to-*maṣṣab* *Pəlištîm* which from-*ʿēber* the-*lāz*; and-to-*ʾābîw* not *higgîd*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened/came to pass", "*yôm*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the day", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Yônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular construct with definite article - the young man/servant", "*nōśēʾ*": "participle, masculine singular construct - bearer/carrier of", "*kēlāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his weapons/equipment", "*ləkāh*": "imperative, masculine singular - come/go", "*wənaʿbərāh*": "waw-consecutive cohortative, 1st common plural - and let us cross over", "*maṣṣab*": "noun, masculine singular construct - garrison/outpost of", "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines", "*ʿēber*": "noun, masculine singular construct - side/region/beyond", "*lāz*": "demonstrative with definite article - that/yonder", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*higgîd*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hiphil - he told/informed" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass/and it was", "*naʿar*": "young man/servant/attendant", "*nōśēʾ kēlāyw*": "armor-bearer/weapon-carrier", "*ləkāh*": "come!/go!", "*maṣṣab*": "garrison/outpost/station", "*ʿēber*": "beyond/across/other side", "*lāz*": "that/yonder/there" } } 2 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.14.2", "source": "וְשָׁא֗וּל יוֹשֵׁב֙ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַגִּבְעָ֔ה תַּ֥חַת הָרִמּ֖וֹן אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּמִגְר֑וֹן וְהָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמּ֔וֹ כְּשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אִֽישׁ׃", "text": "And-*Šāʾûl* *yôšēb* in-*qəṣēh* the-*gibʿāh* *taḥat* the-*rimmôn* which in-*Migrôn*; and-the-*ʿām* which with-him about-six hundred *ʾîš*.", "grammar": { "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*yôšēb*": "participle, masculine singular - sitting/dwelling/staying", "*qəṣēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - edge/outskirts of", "*gibʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the hill", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath", "*rimmôn*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the pomegranate tree", "*Migrôn*": "proper noun - Migron", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/men (collective)" }, "variants": { "*yôšēb*": "sitting/dwelling/staying/remaining", "*qəṣēh*": "edge/outskirts/extremity", "*gibʿāh*": "hill/height/elevation", "*taḥat*": "under/beneath/below", "*rimmôn*": "pomegranate tree/pomegranate", "*ʿām*": "people/troops/followers" } } 3 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.14.3", "source": "וַאֲחִיָּ֣ה בֶן־אֲחִט֡וּב אֲחִ֡י אִיכָב֣וֹד ׀ בֶּן־פִּינְחָ֨ס בֶּן־עֵלִ֜י כֹּהֵ֧ן ׀ יְהוָ֛ה בְּשִׁל֖וֹ נֹשֵׂ֣א אֵפ֑וֹד וְהָעָם֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע כִּ֥י הָלַ֖ךְ יוֹנָתָֽן׃", "text": "And-*ʾĂḥiyyāh* son-of-*ʾĂḥiṭûb* brother-of *ʾÎkābôd* son-of-*Pînəḥās* son-of-*ʿĒlî* *kōhēn* *YHWH* in-*Šilô* *nōśēʾ* *ʾēpôd*; and-the-*ʿām* not *yādaʿ* that *hālak* *Yônātān*.", "grammar": { "*ʾĂḥiyyāh*": "proper noun - Ahijah", "*ʾĂḥiṭûb*": "proper noun - Ahitub", "*ʾÎkābôd*": "proper noun - Ichabod", "*Pînəḥās*": "proper noun - Phinehas", "*ʿĒlî*": "proper noun - Eli", "*kōhēn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - priest of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*Šilô*": "proper noun - Shiloh", "*nōśēʾ*": "participle, masculine singular construct - bearer of", "*ʾēpôd*": "noun, masculine singular - ephod", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*yādaʿ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal - knew", "*hālak*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal - went/had gone", "*Yônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan" }, "variants": { "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant", "*nōśēʾ ʾēpôd*": "wearing the ephod/bearer of the ephod", "*ʾēpôd*": "priestly garment/oracle device", "*yādaʿ*": "knew/was aware/had knowledge", "*hālak*": "went/had gone/departed" } } 4 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.14.4", "source": "וּבֵ֣ין הַֽמַּעְבְּר֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֨ר בִּקֵּ֤שׁ יֽוֹנָתָן֙ לַֽעֲבֹר֙ עַל־מַצַּ֣ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים שֵׁן־הַסֶּ֤לַע מֵהָעֵ֙בֶר֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וְשֵׁן־הַסֶּ֥לַע מֵהָעֵ֖בֶר מִזֶּ֑ה וְשֵׁ֤ם הָֽאֶחָד֙ בּוֹצֵ֔ץ וְשֵׁ֥ם הָאֶחָ֖ד סֶֽנֶּה׃", "text": "And-between the-*maʿbərôt* which *biqqēš* *Yônātān* to-*laʿăbōr* to-*maṣṣab* *Pəlištîm*, *šēn*-the-*selaʿ* from-the-*ʿēber* from-this, and-*šēn*-the-*selaʿ* from-the-*ʿēber* from-this; and-*šēm* the-*ʾeḥād* *Bôṣēṣ*, and-*šēm* the-*ʾeḥād* *Senneh*.", "grammar": { "*maʿbərôt*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - the passes", "*biqqēš*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Piel - sought", "*Yônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*laʿăbōr*": "infinitive construct, Qal - to cross over", "*maṣṣab*": "noun, masculine singular construct - garrison/outpost of", "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines", "*šēn*": "noun, feminine singular construct - tooth/sharp point of", "*selaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the rock/cliff", "*ʿēber*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the side/region", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular with definite article - the one", "*Bôṣēṣ*": "proper noun - Bozez", "*Senneh*": "proper noun - Seneh" }, "variants": { "*maʿbərôt*": "passes/crossings/passages", "*biqqēš*": "sought/attempted/tried", "*laʿăbōr*": "to cross over/to pass/to go through", "*maṣṣab*": "garrison/outpost/station", "*šēn*": "tooth/sharp point/crag", "*selaʿ*": "rock/cliff/crag", "*ʿēber*": "side/region/direction" } } 5 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.14.5", "source": "הַשֵּׁ֧ן הָאֶחָ֛ד מָצ֥וּק מִצָּפ֖וֹן מ֣וּל מִכְמָ֑שׂ וְהָאֶחָ֥ד מִנֶּ֖גֶב מ֥וּל גָּֽבַע׃ ס", "text": "The-*šēn* the-*ʾeḥād* *māṣûq* from-*ṣāpôn* opposite *Mikəmāś*; and-the-*ʾeḥād* from-*negeb* opposite *Gābaʿ*.", "grammar": { "*šēn*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the tooth/sharp point", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular with definite article - the one", "*māṣûq*": "passive participle, masculine singular - standing/projecting", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north", "*Mikəmāś*": "proper noun - Michmash", "*negeb*": "noun, masculine singular - south", "*Gābaʿ*": "proper noun - Geba" }, "variants": { "*šēn*": "tooth/sharp point/crag", "*māṣûq*": "standing out/projecting/towering", "*ṣāpôn*": "north/northern side", "*negeb*": "south/southern side" } } 6 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.14.6", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־הַנַּ֣עַר ׀ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֗יו לְכָה֙ וְנַעְבְּרָ֗ה אֶל־מַצַּב֙ הָעֲרֵלִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אוּלַ֛י יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לָ֑נוּ כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין לַֽיהוָה֙ מַעְצ֔וֹר לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ בְּרַ֖ב א֥וֹ בִמְעָֽט׃", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *Yəhônātān* to-the-*naʿar* *nōśēʾ* *kēlāyw*: *ləkāh* and-*wənaʿbərāh* to-*maṣṣab* the-*ʿărēlîm* the-these; *ʾûlay* *yaʿăśeh* *YHWH* for-us, because nothing for-*YHWH* *maʿṣôr* to-*ləhôšîaʿ* with-*rab* or with-*məʿāṭ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the young man/servant", "*nōśēʾ*": "participle, masculine singular construct - bearer/carrier of", "*kēlāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his weapons/equipment", "*ləkāh*": "imperative, masculine singular - come/go", "*wənaʿbərāh*": "waw-consecutive cohortative, 1st common plural - and let us cross over", "*maṣṣab*": "noun, masculine singular construct - garrison/outpost of", "*ʿărēlîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the uncircumcised", "*ʾûlay*": "adverb - perhaps", "*yaʿăśeh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal - he will act/work", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*maʿṣôr*": "noun, masculine singular - restraint/hindrance", "*ləhôšîaʿ*": "infinitive construct, Hiphil - to save/deliver", "*rab*": "adjective, masculine singular - many/much", "*məʿāṭ*": "adjective, masculine singular - few/little" }, "variants": { "*naʿar*": "young man/servant/attendant", "*nōśēʾ kēlāyw*": "armor-bearer/weapon-carrier", "*ləkāh*": "come!/go!", "*wənaʿbərāh*": "let us cross over/let us go over", "*maṣṣab*": "garrison/outpost/station", "*ʿărēlîm*": "uncircumcised ones/Philistines (derogatory)", "*ʾûlay*": "perhaps/maybe/possibly", "*yaʿăśeh*": "will act/will work/will do", "*maʿṣôr*": "restraint/hindrance/limitation" } } 7 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.14.7", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֔יו עֲשֵׂ֖ה כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ נְטֵ֣ה לָ֔ךְ הִנְנִ֥י עִמְּךָ֖ כִּלְבָבֶֽךָ׃ ס", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* to-him *nōśēʾ* *kēlāyw*: *ʿăśēh* all-which in-*ləbābêkā*; *nəṭēh* to-you, *hinənî* with-you according-to-*kilbābêkā*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*nōśēʾ*": "participle, masculine singular construct - bearer/carrier of", "*kēlāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his weapons/equipment", "*ʿăśēh*": "imperative, masculine singular, Qal - do", "*ləbābêkā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*nəṭēh*": "imperative, masculine singular, Qal - turn/incline", "*hinənî*": "interjection with 1st common singular suffix - behold me", "*kilbābêkā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - according to your heart" }, "variants": { "*nōśēʾ kēlāyw*": "armor-bearer/weapon-carrier", "*ʿăśēh*": "do/perform/act", "*ləbābêkā*": "your heart/your mind/your will", "*nəṭēh*": "turn/incline/go", "*hinənî*": "here I am/behold me/I am ready", "*kilbābêkā*": "according to your heart/as you wish/as you desire" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.14.8", "source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן הִנֵּ֛ה אֲנַ֥חְנוּ עֹבְרִ֖ים אֶל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְנִגְלִ֖ינוּ אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *Yəhônātān*: *hinnēh* we *ʿōbərîm* to-the-*ʾănāšîm* and-*wəniglînû* to-them.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*ʿōbərîm*": "participle, masculine plural, Qal - crossing over", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the men", "*wəniglînû*": "waw-consecutive perfect, 1st common plural, Niphal - and we will reveal ourselves" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*ʿōbərîm*": "crossing over/passing over/going across", "*ʾănāšîm*": "men/people/soldiers", "*wəniglînû*": "we will reveal ourselves/we will show ourselves/we will be exposed" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.14.9", "source": "אִם־כֹּ֤ה יֹֽאמְרוּ֙ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ דֹּ֕מּוּ עַד־הַגִּיעֵ֖נוּ אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וְעָמַ֣דְנוּ תַחְתֵּ֔ינוּ וְלֹ֥א נַעֲלֶ֖ה אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "If-thus *yōʾmərû* to-us: *dōmmû* until-*haggîʿēnû* to-you; and-*wəʿāmadnû* *taḥtênû* and-not *naʿăleh* to-them.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmərû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Qal - they will say", "*dōmmû*": "imperative, masculine plural, Qal - be still/wait", "*haggîʿēnû*": "infinitive construct with 1st common plural suffix - our reaching", "*wəʿāmadnû*": "waw-consecutive perfect, 1st common plural, Qal - and we will stand", "*taḥtênû*": "preposition with 1st common plural suffix - under us/in our place", "*naʿăleh*": "imperfect, 1st common plural, Qal - we will go up" }, "variants": { "*yōʾmərû*": "they will say/they say/if they say", "*dōmmû*": "be still/wait/stand in place", "*haggîʿēnû*": "our reaching/our arriving/our coming", "*wəʿāmadnû*": "we will stand/we will stay/we will remain", "*taḥtênû*": "under us/in our place/where we are", "*naʿăleh*": "we will go up/we will ascend/we will climb" } } 10 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.14.10", "source": "וְאִם־כֹּ֨ה יֹאמְר֜וּ עֲל֤וּ עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ וְעָלִ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־נְתָנָ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָדֵ֑נוּ וְזֶה־לָּ֖נוּ הָאֽוֹת׃", "text": "And-if-thus *yōʾmərû*: *ʿălû* upon-us; and-*wəʿālînû*, because-*nətānām* *YHWH* in-*yādēnû*, and-this-for-us the-*ʾôt*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmərû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Qal - they will say", "*ʿălû*": "imperative, masculine plural, Qal - go up", "*wəʿālînû*": "waw-consecutive perfect, 1st common plural, Qal - and we will go up", "*nətānām*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix, Qal - he has given them", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*yādēnû*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st common plural suffix - our hand", "*ʾôt*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the sign" }, "variants": { "*yōʾmərû*": "they will say/they say/if they say", "*ʿălû*": "go up/come up/ascend", "*wəʿālînû*": "we will go up/we will ascend/we will climb", "*nətānām*": "he has given them/he has delivered them", "*yādēnû*": "our hand/our power/our control", "*ʾôt*": "sign/signal/omen" } } 11 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.14.11", "source": "וַיִּגָּל֣וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם אֶל־מַצַּ֖ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים הִנֵּ֤ה עִבְרִים֙ יֹֽצְאִ֔ים מִן־הַחֹרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִתְחַבְּאוּ־שָֽׁם׃", "text": "And-*wayyiggālû* both-of-them to-*maṣṣab* *Pəlištîm*; and-*wayyōʾmərû* *Pəlištîm*: *hinnēh* *ʿIbrîm* *yōṣəʾîm* from-the-*ḥōrîm* which *hitḥabbəʾû*-there.", "grammar": { "*wayyiggālû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Niphal - and they revealed themselves", "*maṣṣab*": "noun, masculine singular construct - garrison/outpost of", "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines", "*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Qal - and they said", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*ʿIbrîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Hebrews", "*yōṣəʾîm*": "participle, masculine plural, Qal - coming out", "*ḥōrîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the holes", "*hitḥabbəʾû*": "perfect, 3rd common plural, Hitpael - they hid themselves" }, "variants": { "*wayyiggālû*": "they revealed themselves/they showed themselves/they were exposed", "*maṣṣab*": "garrison/outpost/station", "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*ʿIbrîm*": "Hebrews/Israelites (often derogatory when used by non-Israelites)", "*yōṣəʾîm*": "coming out/emerging/going forth", "*ḥōrîm*": "holes/caves/hiding places", "*hitḥabbəʾû*": "they hid themselves/they concealed themselves" } } 12 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.14.12", "source": "וַיַּעֲנוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַמַּצָּבָ֜ה אֶת־יוֹנָתָ֣ן ׀ וְאֶת־נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֗יו וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ עֲל֣וּ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ וְנוֹדִ֥יעָה אֶתְכֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר פ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־נֹשֵׂ֤א כֵלָיו֙ עֲלֵ֣ה אַחֲרַ֔י כִּֽי־נְתָנָ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַ֥ד יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And-*wayyaʿănû* *ʾanšê* the-*maṣṣābāh* *ʾet*-*Yônātān* and-*ʾet*-*nōśēʾ* *kēlāyw* and-*wayyōʾmərû*: *ʿălû* to-us and-*wənôdîʿāh* you *dābār*. And-*wayyōʾmer* *Yônātān* to-*nōśēʾ* *kēlāyw*: *ʿălēh* after-me because-*nətānām* *YHWH* in-*yad* *Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿănû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Qal - and they answered", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*maṣṣābāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the garrison", "*Yônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*nōśēʾ*": "participle, masculine singular construct - bearer of", "*kēlāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his weapons/equipment", "*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Qal - and they said", "*ʿălû*": "imperative, masculine plural, Qal - come up", "*wənôdîʿāh*": "waw-consecutive cohortative, 1st common plural, Hiphil - and let us make known", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/thing/matter", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal - and he said", "*ʿălēh*": "imperative, masculine singular, Qal - come up", "*nətānām*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix, Qal - he has given them", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿănû*": "they answered/they responded", "*ʾanšê*": "men of/people of/soldiers of", "*maṣṣābāh*": "garrison/outpost/station", "*nōśēʾ kēlāyw*": "armor-bearer/weapon-carrier", "*ʿălû*": "come up/go up/ascend", "*wənôdîʿāh*": "let us make known/let us tell/let us inform", "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter/message", "*ʿălēh*": "come up/go up/climb up", "*nətānām*": "he has given them/he has delivered them", "*yad*": "hand/power/control" } } 13 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.14.13", "source": "וַיַּ֣עַל יוֹנָתָ֗ן עַל־יָדָיו֙ וְעַל־רַגְלָ֔יו וְנֹשֵׂ֥א כֵלָ֖יו אַחֲרָ֑יו וַֽיִּפְּלוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יוֹנָתָ֔ן וְנֹשֵׂ֥א כֵלָ֖יו מְמוֹתֵ֥ת אַחֲרָֽיו׃", "text": "And-*wayyaʿal* *Yônātān* on-*yādāyw* and-on-*raglāyw*, and-*nōśēʾ* *kēlāyw* after-him; and-*wayyippəlû* before *Yônātān*, and-*nōśēʾ* *kēlāyw* *məmôtēt* after-him.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿal*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal - and he went up", "*Yônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*yādāyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*raglāyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his feet", "*nōśēʾ*": "participle, masculine singular construct - bearer of", "*kēlāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his weapons/equipment", "*wayyippəlû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Qal - and they fell", "*məmôtēt*": "participle, Polel - putting to death/killing" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿal*": "he went up/he climbed/he ascended", "*yādāyw*": "his hands/on all fours", "*raglāyw*": "his feet/his legs", "*nōśēʾ kēlāyw*": "armor-bearer/weapon-carrier", "*wayyippəlû*": "they fell/they collapsed/they were struck down", "*məmôtēt*": "putting to death/killing/slaying" } } 14 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.14.14", "source": "וַתְּהִ֞י הַמַּכָּ֣ה הָרִאשֹׁנָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִכָּ֧ה יוֹנָתָ֛ן וְנֹשֵׂ֥א כֵלָ֖יו כְּעֶשְׂרִ֣ים אִ֑ישׁ כְּבַחֲצִ֥י מַעֲנָ֖ה צֶ֥מֶד שָׂדֶֽה׃", "text": "And-*wattəhî* the-*makkāh* the-*riʾšōnāh* which *hikkāh* *Yônātān* and-*nōśēʾ* *kēlāyw* about-twenty *ʾîš* in-about-half *maʿănāh* *ṣemed* *śādeh*.", "grammar": { "*wattəhî*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd feminine singular, Qal - and it was", "*makkāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the striking/defeat", "*riʾšōnāh*": "adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the first", "*hikkāh*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hiphil - he struck", "*Yônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*nōśēʾ*": "participle, masculine singular construct - bearer of", "*kēlāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his weapons/equipment", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/men (collective)", "*maʿănāh*": "noun, feminine singular construct - furrow of", "*ṣemed*": "noun, masculine singular construct - yoke/pair of", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field" }, "variants": { "*makkāh*": "striking/defeat/slaughter", "*riʾšōnāh*": "first/initial/beginning", "*hikkāh*": "he struck/he killed/he slew", "*nōśēʾ kēlāyw*": "armor-bearer/weapon-carrier", "*maʿănāh*": "furrow/plowing/area plowed", "*ṣemed*": "yoke/pair/team", "*śādeh*": "field/land/area" } }
• 1 Sam 14:45 : 45 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.14.45", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָעָ֜ם אֶל־שָׁא֗וּל הֲ‍ֽיוֹנָתָ֤ן ׀ יָמוּת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָ֠שָׂה הַיְשׁוּעָ֨ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֣ה הַזֹּאת֮ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל֒ חָלִ֗ילָה חַי־יְהוָה֙ אִם־יִפֹּ֞ל מִשַּׂעֲרַ֤ת רֹאשׁוֹ֙ אַ֔רְצָה כִּֽי־עִם־אֱלֹהִ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ה הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וַיִּפְדּ֥וּ הָעָ֛ם אֶת־יוֹנָתָ֖ן וְלֹא־מֵֽת׃", "text": "And *wəyōʾmer* the-*hāʿām* to-*šāʾûl* *hă*-*yônātān* *yāmût* who *ʾăšer* *ʿāśāh* the-*hayəšûʿāh* the-*hagədôlāh* the-*hazōʾt* in-*yiśrāʾēl* *ḥālîlāh* as-lives-*ḥay*-*yəhwāh* if-*ʾim*-shall-fall *yippōl* from-hair-of *miśśaʿărat* his-head *rōʾšô* to-ground *ʾarṣāh* for-*kî*-with-*ʿim*-*ʾĕlōhîm* he-has-done *ʿāśāh* the-day *hayyôm* the-this *hazzeh* and-they-redeemed *wayyipdû* the-*hāʿām* *ʾet*-*yônātān* and-not-*wəlōʾ*-he-died *mēt*", "grammar": { "*wəyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and said", "*hāʿām*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*hă*": "interrogative particle - shall/will?", "*yônātān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jonathan", "*yāmût*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall die", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who, which, that", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has done/made", "*hayəšûʿāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the salvation/deliverance", "*hagədôlāh*": "adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the great", "*hazōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular with definite article - this", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ḥālîlāh*": "interjection - far be it, God forbid", "*ḥay*": "adjective - living, as lives", "*yəhwāh*": "proper noun - YHWH, the LORD", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*yippōl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - shall fall", "*miśśaʿărat*": "preposition + common noun, feminine singular construct - from hair of", "*rōʾšô*": "common noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his head", "*ʾarṣāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with directional he - to the ground", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "common noun, masculine plural (with singular meaning) - God", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has done/made", "*hayyôm*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular with definite article - this", "*wayyipdû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - and they redeemed/ransomed", "*hāʿām*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yônātān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jonathan", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*mēt*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he died" }, "variants": { "*ḥālîlāh*": "far be it/God forbid/by no means (strong exclamation of negation)", "*ḥay-yəhwāh*": "as YHWH lives (oath formula)", "*wayyipdû*": "they redeemed/ransomed/delivered/saved", "*ʿāśāh ʿim-ʾĕlōhîm*": "worked with God/accomplished with God's help" } }
• 1 Sam 18:3 : 3 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.3", "source": "וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן וְדָוִ֖ד בְּרִ֑ית בְּאַהֲבָת֥וֹ אֹת֖וֹ כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "And *wa-yikrōt* *Yəhônātān* and *Dāwid* *bərît*, in *ʾahăbātô* *ʾōtô* as *napšô*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yikrōt*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he cut/made", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*wə-Dāwid*": "conjunction + proper noun - and David", "*bərît*": "feminine singular noun - covenant", "*bə-ʾahăbātô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - in/because of his love", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3ms suffix - him", "*kə-napšô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - as his own soul/self" }, "variants": { "*kārat bərît*": "cut/make a covenant", "*ʾahăbâ*": "love/affection/devotion", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/self/person/being" } }
• 1 Chr 12:17 : 17 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.12.17", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ מִן־בְּנֵ֤י בִנְיָמִן֙ וִֽיהוּדָ֔ה עַד־לַמְצָ֖ד לְדָוִֽיד׃", "text": "And *wayyāḇōʾû* from *bənê* *Binyāmin* and *Yəhûdâ* to the *məṣād* to *Dāwîd*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yyāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + verb, imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd plural, Qal - and they came", "*min-bənê*": "preposition + construct noun, masculine plural - from sons of", "*Binyāmin*": "proper noun - Benjamin", "*wi-Yəhûdâ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Judah", "*ʿad-la-məṣād*": "preposition + preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the stronghold", "*lə-Dāwîd*": "preposition + proper noun - to David" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants", "*məṣād*": "stronghold/fortress/refuge" } }
• Ps 86:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.86.11", "source": "ה֘וֹרֵ֤נִי יְהוָ֨ה ׀ דַּרְכֶּ֗ךָ אֲהַלֵּ֥ךְ בַּאֲמִתֶּ֑ךָ יַחֵ֥ד לְ֝בָבִ֗י לְיִרְאָ֥ה שְׁמֶֽךָ", "text": "*hôrēnî* *YHWH* *darkekā* *ʾăhallēk* *baʾămittekā* *yaḥēd* *lᵉbābî* *lᵉyirʾâ* *šᵉmekā*", "grammar": { "*hôrēnî*": "imperative verb, hiphil + 1st person singular suffix - teach me", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*darkekā*": "noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your way", "*ʾăhallēk*": "imperfect verb, 1st person singular, piel - I will walk", "*baʾămittekā*": "preposition + noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - in your truth", "*yaḥēd*": "imperative verb, piel - unite", "*lᵉbābî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my heart", "*lᵉyirʾâ*": "preposition + infinitive construct, qal - to fear", "*šᵉmekā*": "noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your name" }, "variants": { "*hôrēnî*": "teach me/instruct me/show me", "*derek*": "way/path/road/journey", "*ʾăhallēk*": "I will walk/I will go/I will follow", "*ʾĕmet*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability", "*yaḥēd*": "unite/make one/join together", "*lēbāb*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*yirʾâ*": "to fear/to revere/to be in awe of", "*šēm*": "name/renown/reputation" } }
• Prov 18:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Proverbs.18.24", "source": "אִ֣ישׁ רֵ֭עִים לְהִתְרֹעֵ֑עַ וְיֵ֥שׁ אֹ֝הֵ֗ב דָּבֵ֥ק מֵאָֽח׃", "text": "*ʾîš* *rēʿîm* to-*hiṯrōʿēaʿ* and-there-is *ʾōhēḇ* *dāḇēq* more-than-*ʾāḥ*", "grammar": { "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*rēʿîm*": "noun, masculine plural - companions/friends", "*hiṯrōʿēaʿ*": "verb, hithpoel infinitive construct - be broken/be shattered/ruin oneself", "*ʾōhēḇ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - one who loves/friend", "*dāḇēq*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - clinging/adhering/loyal", "*ʾāḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - brother" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš*": "man/person/one who has", "*rēʿîm*": "companions/friends/associates", "*hiṯrōʿēaʿ*": "be broken/be shattered/come to ruin/be a companion", "*ʾōhēḇ*": "one who loves/friend/lover", "*dāḇēq*": "clinging/adhering/loyal/sticking close", "*ʾāḥ*": "brother/relative/kinsman" } }
• Col 2:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Colossians.2.2", "source": "Ἵνα παρακληθῶσιν αἱ καρδίαι αὐτῶν, συμβιβασθέντων ἐν ἀγάπῃ, καὶ εἰς πάντα πλοῦτον τῆς πληροφορίας τῆς συνέσεως, εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν τοῦ μυστηρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ Πατρὸς, καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ·", "text": "So that may be *paraklēthōsin* the *kardiai* of them, having been *symbibasthenōn* in *agapē*, and unto all *plouton* of the *plērophorias* of the *syneseōs*, unto *epignōsin* of the *mystēriou* of *Theou*, and of *Patros*, and of the *Christou*;", "grammar": { "*paraklēthōsin*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they might be comforted/encouraged", "*kardiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - hearts", "*symbibasthenōn*": "aorist passive participle, genitive plural - having been knit together/united", "*agapē*": "dative, feminine, singular - love", "*plouton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - wealth/abundance/riches", "*plērophorias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - full assurance/complete confidence", "*syneseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - understanding/insight/intelligence", "*epignōsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - full knowledge/recognition", "*mystēriou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - mystery/secret", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*Patros*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Father", "*Christou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Christ" }, "variants": { "*paraklēthōsin*": "be comforted/encouraged/consoled", "*kardiai*": "hearts/inner selves/minds", "*symbibasthenōn*": "knit together/united/joined/instructed", "*agapē*": "love/charity/benevolence", "*plouton*": "wealth/riches/abundance", "*plērophorias*": "full assurance/complete certainty/conviction", "*syneseōs*": "understanding/comprehension/insight", "*epignōsin*": "full knowledge/complete recognition", "*mystēriou*": "mystery/secret/hidden truth", "*Theou*": "God/deity", "*Patros*": "Father/ancestor", "*Christou*": "Christ/Messiah/Anointed One" } }