11{
"verseID": "Hosea.9.11",
"source": "אֶפְרַ֕יִם כָּע֖וֹף יִתְעוֹפֵ֣ף כְּבוֹדָ֑ם מִלֵּדָ֥ה וּמִבֶּ֖טֶן וּמֵהֵרָיֽוֹן׃",
"text": "*ʾEprayim* like-the-*ʿôp* *yitʿôpēp* *kebôdām* from-*lēdāh* and-from-*beṭen* and-from-*hērāyôn*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾEprayim*": "proper noun - 'Ephraim' (northern kingdom)",
"*ʿôp*": "masculine singular noun - 'bird/fowl'",
"*yitʿôpēp*": "hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'will fly away'",
"*kebôdām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their glory'",
"*lēdāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'birth/childbirth'",
"*beṭen*": "masculine singular noun - 'womb/belly'",
"*hērāyôn*": "masculine singular noun - 'conception/pregnancy'"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿôp*": "bird/fowl/flying creature",
"*yitʿôpēp*": "will fly away/will flutter away/will vanish",
"*kebôdām*": "their glory/their honor/their abundance",
"*lēdāh*": "birth/childbirth/delivery",
"*beṭen*": "womb/belly/pregnancy",
"*hērāyôn*": "conception/pregnancy"
}
}
12{
"verseID": "Hosea.9.12",
"source": "כִּ֤י אִם־יְגַדְּלוּ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וְשִׁכַּלְתִּ֖ים מֵֽאָדָ֑ם כִּֽי־גַם־א֥וֹי לָהֶ֖ם בְּשׂוּרִ֥י מֵהֶֽם׃",
"text": "Because if-*yegaddelû* *ʾet*-*benêhem* and-*wešikkaltîm* from-*ʾādām*; because-also-*ʾôy* to-them when-*sûrî* from-them.",
"grammar": {
"*yegaddelû*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they bring up/rear'",
"*benêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their sons'",
"*wešikkaltîm*": "piel perfect 1st singular with vav consecutive and 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'I will bereave them'",
"*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - 'man/mankind'",
"*ʾôy*": "interjection - 'woe!'",
"*sûrî*": "qal infinitive construct with 1st singular suffix - 'my turning away'"
},
"variants": {
"*yegaddelû*": "they bring up/they rear/they raise",
"*wešikkaltîm*": "I will bereave them/I will make them childless",
"*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/humanity",
"*ʾôy*": "woe/alas/disaster",
"*sûrî*": "my turning away/my departing/when I depart"
}
}
13{
"verseID": "Hosea.9.13",
"source": "אֶפְרַ֛יִם כַּאֲשֶׁר־רָאִ֥יתִי לְצ֖וֹר שְׁתוּלָ֣ה בְנָוֶ֑ה וְאֶפְרַ֕יִם לְהוֹצִ֥יא אֶל־הֹרֵ֖ג בָּנָֽיו׃",
"text": "*ʾEprayim* as-that-*rāʾîtî* to-*ṣôr* *šetûlāh* in-*nāweh*; and-*ʾeprayim* to-*hôṣîʾ* to-*hōrēg* *bānāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾEprayim*": "proper noun - 'Ephraim' (northern kingdom)",
"*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - 'I saw/have seen'",
"*ṣôr*": "proper noun - 'Tyre'",
"*šetûlāh*": "qal passive participle feminine singular - 'planted'",
"*nāweh*": "masculine singular noun - 'pasture/meadow/habitation'",
"*hôṣîʾ*": "hifil infinitive construct - 'to bring out'",
"*hōrēg*": "qal participle masculine singular - 'killer/slayer'",
"*bānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his sons'"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣôr*": "Tyre (or possibly 'a rock/rocky place')",
"*šetûlāh*": "planted/established/set",
"*nāweh*": "pasture/meadow/habitation/pleasant place",
"*hôṣîʾ*": "to bring out/to lead out",
"*hōrēg*": "killer/slayer/murderer"
}
}
14{
"verseID": "Hosea.9.14",
"source": "תֵּן־לָהֶ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה מַה־תִּתֵּ֑ן תֵּן־לָהֶם֙ רֶ֣חֶם מַשְׁכִּ֔יל וְשָׁדַ֖יִם צֹמְקִֽים׃",
"text": "Give-to-them *YHWH* what-*tittēn*; give-to-them *reḥem* *maškîl* and-*šādayim* *ṣōmeqîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*tittēn*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you will give'",
"*reḥem*": "masculine singular noun - 'womb'",
"*maškîl*": "hifil participle masculine singular - 'causing miscarriage'",
"*šādayim*": "masculine dual noun - 'breasts'",
"*ṣōmeqîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - 'dried up/shriveled'"
},
"variants": {
"*tittēn*": "you will give/you should give",
"*reḥem* *maškîl*": "miscarrying womb/barren womb",
"*šādayim* *ṣōmeqîm*": "dried up breasts/shriveled breasts"
}
}
15{
"verseID": "Hosea.9.15",
"source": "כָּל־רָעָתָ֤ם בַּגִּלְגָּל֙ כִּֽי־שָׁ֣ם שְׂנֵאתִ֔ים עַ֚ל רֹ֣עַ מַֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֔ם מִבֵּיתִ֖י אֲגָרְשֵׁ֑ם לֹ֤א אוֹסֵף֙ אַהֲבָתָ֔ם כָּל־שָׂרֵיהֶ֖ם סֹרְרִֽים׃",
"text": "All-*rāʿātām* in-the-*gilgāl* because-there *śenēʾtîm* because-of *rōaʿ* *maʿalělêhem* from-*bêtî* *ʾăgārešēm*; not *ʾôsēp* *ʾahăbātām*, all-*śārêhem* *sōrerîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*rāʿātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their evil/wickedness'",
"*gilgāl*": "proper noun with definite article - 'the Gilgal'",
"*śenēʾtîm*": "qal perfect 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'I hated them'",
"*rōaʿ*": "masculine singular construct - 'evil of'",
"*maʿalělêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their deeds'",
"*bêtî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my house'",
"*ʾăgārešēm*": "piel imperfect 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'I will drive them out'",
"*ʾôsēp*": "hifil imperfect 1st singular - 'I will continue'",
"*ʾahăbātām*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'to love them'",
"*śārêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their princes'",
"*sōrerîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - 'rebellious/stubborn'"
},
"variants": {
"*rāʿātām*": "their evil/their wickedness/their calamity",
"*gilgāl*": "place of idolatrous worship",
"*śenēʾtîm*": "I hated them/I rejected them",
"*rōaʿ* *maʿalělêhem*": "evil of their deeds/wickedness of their actions",
"*ʾăgārešēm*": "I will drive them out/I will expel them",
"*ʾôsēp* *ʾahăbātām*": "I will continue to love them/I will love them again",
"*śārêhem* *sōrerîm*": "their princes are rebellious/their leaders are defiant"
}
}
16{
"verseID": "Hosea.9.16",
"source": "הֻכָּ֣ה אֶפְרַ֔יִם שָׁרְשָׁ֥ם יָבֵ֖שׁ פְּרִ֣י *בלי־**בַֽל־יַעֲשׂ֑וּן גַּ֚ם כִּ֣י יֵֽלֵד֔וּן וְהֵמַתִּ֖י מַחֲמַדֵּ֥י בִטְנָֽם׃",
"text": "*Hukkāh* *ʾeprayim*, *šoršām* *yābēš*, *perî* not-*yaʿăśûn*; even if *yēlēdûn*, and-*hēmattî* *maḥămaddê* *biṭnām*.",
"grammar": {
"*Hukkāh*": "hofal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'was smitten/struck'",
"*ʾeprayim*": "proper noun - 'Ephraim' (northern kingdom)",
"*šoršām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their root'",
"*yābēš*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'is dried up'",
"*perî*": "masculine singular noun - 'fruit'",
"*yaʿăśûn*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - 'they will yield/produce'",
"*yēlēdûn*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - 'they give birth'",
"*hēmattî*": "hifil perfect 1st singular - 'I will kill'",
"*maḥămaddê*": "masculine plural construct - 'desired ones of'",
"*biṭnām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their womb/body'"
},
"variants": {
"*Hukkāh*": "was smitten/was struck/is blighted",
"*šoršām* *yābēš*": "their root is dried up/their root is withered",
"*perî* *yaʿăśûn*": "they will yield fruit/they will produce fruit",
"*yēlēdûn*": "they give birth/they bear children",
"*hēmattî*": "I will kill/I will slay/I will put to death",
"*maḥămaddê* *biṭnām*": "desired ones of their womb/beloved offspring/precious children"
}
}