14{
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.14",
"source": "וְאֶת־הַ֨דָּאָ֔ה וְאֶת־הָאַיָּ֖ה לְמִינָֽהּ",
"text": "And-the-*dāʾâ* and-the-*ʾayyâ* to-*mînāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-ha-dāʾâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the kite/vulture",
"*wə-ʾet-hā-ʾayyâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the falcon/hawk",
"*lə-mînāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - according to its kind"
},
"variants": {
"*dāʾâ*": "kite/vulture/bird of prey",
"*ʾayyâ*": "falcon/hawk/bird of prey",
"*mînāh*": "its kind/its species/its sort"
}
}
15{
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.15",
"source": "אֵ֥ת כָּל־עֹרֵ֖ב לְמִינֽוֹ",
"text": "Every *ʿōrēḇ* to-*mînô*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾēt kāl-ʿōrēḇ*": "direct object marker + noun, construct state + masculine singular noun - every raven/crow",
"*lə-mînô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - according to its kind"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿōrēḇ*": "raven/crow/black bird",
"*mînô*": "its kind/its species/its sort"
}
}
16{
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.16",
"source": "וְאֵת֙ בַּ֣ת הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔ה וְאֶת־הַתַּחְמָ֖ס וְאֶת־הַשָּׁ֑חַף וְאֶת־הַנֵּ֖ץ לְמִינֵֽהוּ",
"text": "And *bat* the-*yaʿănâ* and-the-*taḥmās* and-the-*šāḥaf* and-the-*nēṣ* to-*mînēhū*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾēt bat ha-yaʿănâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + feminine singular noun construct + definite article + proper noun - and daughter of the ostrich/owl",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-taḥmās*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the night hawk/owl",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-šāḥaf*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the cuckoo/seagull",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-nēṣ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the hawk/falcon",
"*lə-mînēhū*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - according to its kind"
},
"variants": {
"*bat ha-yaʿănâ*": "ostrich/owl/female ostrich",
"*taḥmās*": "night hawk/owl/male ostrich",
"*šāḥaf*": "cuckoo/seagull/sea bird",
"*nēṣ*": "hawk/falcon/bird of prey",
"*mînēhū*": "its kind/its species/its sort"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.17",
"source": "וְאֶת־הַכּ֥וֹס וְאֶת־הַשָּׁלָ֖ךְ וְאֶת־הַיַּנְשֽׁוּף",
"text": "And-the-*kôs* and-the-*šālāḵ* and-the-*yanšûf*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-ha-kôs*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the little owl",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-šālāḵ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the cormorant/fish owl",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-yanšûf*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the great owl/ibis"
},
"variants": {
"*kôs*": "little owl/screech owl",
"*šālāḵ*": "cormorant/fish owl/water bird",
"*yanšûf*": "great owl/ibis/eared owl"
}
}
18{
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.18",
"source": "וְאֶת־הַתִּנְשֶׁ֥מֶת וְאֶת־הַקָּאָ֖ת וְאֶת־הָרָחָֽם",
"text": "And-the-*tinšemet* and-the-*qāʾāt* and-the-*rāḥām*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-ha-tinšemet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the swan/white owl",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-qāʾāt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the pelican",
"*wə-ʾet-hā-rāḥām*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the gier eagle/vulture"
},
"variants": {
"*tinšemet*": "swan/white owl/water hen",
"*qāʾāt*": "pelican/desert owl",
"*rāḥām*": "gier eagle/vulture/carrion vulture"
}
}
19{
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.19",
"source": "וְאֵת֙ הַחֲסִידָ֔ה הָאֲנָפָ֖ה לְמִינָ֑הּ וְאֶת־הַדּוּכִיפַ֖ת וְאֶת־הָעֲטַלֵּֽף",
"text": "And the-*ḥăsîdâ* the-*ʾănāfâ* to-*mînāh* and-the-*dûḵîfat* and-the-*ʿăṭallēf*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾēt ha-ḥăsîdâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the stork",
"*hā-ʾănāfâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the heron",
"*lə-mînāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - according to its kind",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-dûḵîfat*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the lapwing/hoopoe",
"*wə-ʾet-hā-ʿăṭallēf*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the bat"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥăsîdâ*": "stork/heron",
"*ʾănāfâ*": "heron/egret/bird of prey",
"*mînāh*": "its kind/its species/its sort",
"*dûḵîfat*": "lapwing/hoopoe",
"*ʿăṭallēf*": "bat"
}
}
20{
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.20",
"source": "כֹּ֚ל שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֑ע שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם",
"text": "All *šereṣ* the-*ʿôf* the-*hōlēḵ* on-four *šeqeṣ* he to-you",
"grammar": {
"*kōl*": "noun, construct state - all of",
"*šereṣ*": "masculine singular noun, construct state - swarming thing of",
"*hā-ʿôf*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the birds/flying creatures",
"*ha-hōlēḵ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the walking/going",
"*ʿal-ʾarbaʿ*": "preposition + cardinal number - on four",
"*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun - detestable thing/abomination",
"*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*šereṣ*": "swarming thing/creeping thing/teeming creature",
"*ʿôf*": "birds/flying creatures/winged things",
"*hōlēḵ*": "walking/going/moving",
"*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/loathsome thing"
}
}
21{
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.21",
"source": "אַ֤ךְ אֶת־זֶה֙ תֹּֽאכְל֔וּ מִכֹּל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֑ע אֲשֶׁר־*לא **ל֤וֹ כְרָעַ֙יִם֙ מִמַּ֣עַל לְרַגְלָ֔יו לְנַתֵּ֥ר בָּהֵ֖ן עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ",
"text": "Yet this *tōʾḵəlū* from-all *šereṣ* the-*ʿôf* the-*hōlēḵ* on-four which-has *ḵərāʿayim* from-above to-*raḡlāw* to-*nattēr* with-them upon-the-*ʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾaḵ*": "restrictive adverb - yet/but/however",
"*ʾet-zeh*": "direct object marker + masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*tōʾḵəlū*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you may eat",
"*mi-kōl*": "preposition + noun, construct state - from all of",
"*šereṣ*": "masculine singular noun, construct state - swarming thing of",
"*hā-ʿôf*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the birds/flying creatures",
"*ha-hōlēḵ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the walking/going",
"*ʿal-ʾarbaʿ*": "preposition + cardinal number - on four",
"*ʾăšer-lō*": "relative pronoun + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - which has",
"*ḵərāʿayim*": "feminine dual noun - legs/jointed legs",
"*mi-maʿal*": "preposition + adverb - from above",
"*lə-raḡlāw*": "preposition + feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to its feet",
"*lə-nattēr*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to leap/jump",
"*bāhēn*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural suffix - with them",
"*ʿal-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - upon the earth/ground"
},
"variants": {
"*šereṣ*": "swarming thing/creeping thing/teeming creature",
"*ʿôf*": "birds/flying creatures/winged things",
"*hōlēḵ*": "walking/going/moving",
"*ḵərāʿayim*": "legs/jointed legs/knee joints",
"*raḡlāw*": "its feet/its legs",
"*nattēr*": "to leap/to jump/to spring",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground"
}
}
22{
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.22",
"source": "אֶת־אֵ֤לֶּה מֵהֶם֙ תֹּאכֵ֔לוּ אֶת־הֽ͏ָאַרְבֶּ֣ה לְמִינ֔וֹ וְאֶת־הַסָּלְעָ֖ם לְמִינֵ֑הוּ וְאֶת־הַחַרְגֹּ֣ל לְמִינֵ֔הוּ וְאֶת־הֶחָגָ֖ב לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃",
"text": "*ʾēt-ʾēlleh* from them *tōʾḵēlû* *ʾēt-hāʾarbeh* to its *mîn*, *wəʾēt-hassāləʿām* to its *mîn*, *wəʾēt-haḥargōl* to its *mîn*, and *ʾēt-heḥāgāb* to its *mîn*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, 'these'",
"*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from/of them'",
"*tōʾḵēlû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, 'you shall eat'",
"*hāʾarbeh*": "definite article + masculine noun, 'the locust'",
"*ləmînô*": "preposition + masculine noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'according to its kind'",
"*wə*": "conjunction, 'and'",
"*hassāləʿām*": "definite article + masculine noun, 'the bald locust/cricket'",
"*ləmînēhû*": "preposition + masculine noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'according to its kind'",
"*haḥargōl*": "definite article + masculine noun, 'the cricket/beetle'",
"*heḥāgāb*": "definite article + masculine noun, 'the grasshopper'"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾarbeh*": "locust, type of flying insect",
"*sāləʿām*": "bald locust, potentially a type of cricket",
"*ḥargōl*": "cricket, beetle, type of edible insect",
"*ḥāgāb*": "grasshopper, locust, type of edible insect",
"*mîn*": "kind, species, category"
}
}
23{
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.23",
"source": "וְכֹל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ אַרְבַּ֣ע רַגְלָ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃",
"text": "And all *šereṣ* of the *ʿôp* which has four *raglayim*, *šeqeṣ* *hûʾ* to you.",
"grammar": {
"*wəḵōl*": "conjunction + construct noun, 'and all/every'",
"*šereṣ*": "masculine singular noun in construct, 'swarming thing/creeping thing'",
"*hāʿôp*": "definite article + masculine singular noun, 'the flying creature/bird'",
"*ʾăšer-lô*": "relative pronoun + preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'which has'",
"*ʾarbaʿ*": "numeral, 'four'",
"*raglayim*": "feminine dual noun, 'feet/legs'",
"*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun, 'detestable thing/abomination'",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun, 'it (is)'",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'"
},
"variants": {
"*šereṣ*": "swarming thing, creeping thing, crawling creature",
"*ʿôp*": "flying creature, bird, winged insect",
"*raglayim*": "feet, legs (dual form)",
"*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing, abomination, ritually unclean"
}
}