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Proverbs 13
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1 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.1", "source": "בֵּ֣ן חָ֭כָם מ֣וּסַר אָ֑ב וְ֝לֵ֗ץ לֹא־שָׁמַ֥ע גְּעָרָֽה׃", "text": "*bēn ḥākām mûsar ʾāb wə-lēṣ lōʾ-šāmaʿ gəʿārâ*", "grammar": { "*bēn*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - son of", "*ḥākām*": "adjective, masculine, singular - wise", "*mûsar*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - discipline/instruction of", "*ʾāb*": "noun, masculine, singular - father", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*lēṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - scoffer/mocker", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*šāmaʿ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - heard/listened to", "*gəʿārâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - rebuke/reproof" }, "variants": { "*mûsar*": "discipline/instruction/correction/chastening", "*lēṣ*": "scoffer/mocker/scorner", "*šāmaʿ*": "to hear/listen to/obey", "*gəʿārâ*": "rebuke/reproof/reproof" } }

2 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.2", "source": "מִפְּרִ֣י פִי־אִ֭ישׁ יֹ֣אכַל ט֑וֹב וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ בֹּגְדִ֣ים חָמָֽס׃", "text": "*mippərî pî-ʾîš yōʾkal ṭôb wə-nepeš bōgədîm ḥāmās*", "grammar": { "*mippərî*": "preposition *min* + noun, masculine, singular construct - from fruit of", "*pî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - mouth of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular - man", "*yōʾkal*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will eat", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine, singular - good", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - soul/desire of", "*bōgədîm*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural - treacherous ones/betrayers", "*ḥāmās*": "noun, masculine, singular - violence/wrong" }, "variants": { "*pərî*": "fruit/result/outcome", "*pî*": "mouth/speech", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/each one", "*yōʾkal*": "will eat/consume/enjoy", "*ṭôb*": "good/goodness/benefit", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/desire/appetite", "*bōgədîm*": "treacherous ones/betrayers/unfaithful ones", "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/cruelty" } }

3 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.3", "source": "נֹצֵ֣ר פִּ֭יו שֹׁמֵ֣ר נַפְשׁ֑וֹ פֹּשֵׂ֥ק שְׂ֝פָתָ֗יו מְחִתָּה־לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*nōṣēr pîw šōmēr napšô pōśēq śəpātāyw məḥittâ-lô*", "grammar": { "*nōṣēr*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - guarding/keeping", "*pîw*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his mouth", "*šōmēr*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - keeping/preserving", "*napšô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul/life", "*pōśēq*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - opening wide", "*śəpātāyw*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his lips", "*məḥittâ*": "noun, feminine singular - ruin/destruction", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*nōṣēr*": "guarding/keeping/watching over", "*šōmēr*": "keeping/preserving/guarding", "*napšô*": "his soul/life/self", "*pōśēq*": "opening wide/parting/spreading", "*məḥittâ*": "ruin/destruction/terror" } }

4 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.4", "source": "מִתְאַוָּ֣ה וָ֭אַיִן נַפְשׁ֣וֹ עָצֵ֑ל וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ חָרֻצִ֣ים תְּדֻשָּֽׁן׃", "text": "*mitʾawwâ wāʾayin napšô ʿāṣēl wə-nepeš ḥăruṣîm tədušśān*", "grammar": { "*mitʾawwâ*": "verb, hitpael participle, masculine singular - craving/desiring", "*wāʾayin*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is nothing", "*napšô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul/appetite", "*ʿāṣēl*": "adjective, masculine singular - sluggard/lazy one", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine singular construct - soul/desire of", "*ḥăruṣîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - diligent ones", "*tədušśān*": "verb, pual imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will be made fat/satisfied" }, "variants": { "*mitʾawwâ*": "craving/desiring/longing", "*ʿāṣēl*": "sluggard/lazy one/slothful person", "*ḥăruṣîm*": "diligent ones/industrious people/hard workers", "*tədušśān*": "will be made fat/will be satisfied/will prosper" } }

5 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.5", "source": "דְּבַר־שֶׁ֭קֶר יִשְׂנָ֣א צַדִּ֑יק וְ֝רָשָׁ֗ע יַבְאִ֥ישׁ וְיַחְפִּֽיר׃", "text": "*dəbar-šeqer yiśnāʾ ṣaddîq wə-rāšāʿ yabʾîš wə-yaḥpîr*", "grammar": { "*dəbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word of", "*šeqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood/lie", "*yiśnāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he hates", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective, masculine singular - righteous person", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - wicked person", "*yabʾîš*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - acts shamefully/causes stink", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*yaḥpîr*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - brings shame/disgraces" }, "variants": { "*dəbar-šeqer*": "false word/lying matter/falsehood", "*yiśnāʾ*": "hates/detests", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous person/just one", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/evildoer", "*yabʾîš*": "acts shamefully/causes stink/brings disgrace", "*yaḥpîr*": "brings shame/disgraces/dishonors" } }

6 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.6", "source": "צְ֭דָקָה תִּצֹּ֣ר תָּם־דָּ֑רֶךְ וְ֝רִשְׁעָ֗ה תְּסַלֵּ֥ף חַטָּֽאת׃", "text": "*ṣədāqâ tiṣṣōr tām-dārek wə-rišʿâ təsallēp ḥaṭṭāʾt*", "grammar": { "*ṣədāqâ*": "noun, feminine singular - righteousness", "*tiṣṣōr*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - guards/preserves", "*tām*": "adjective, masculine singular - blameless/complete", "*dārek*": "noun, masculine singular - way", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*rišʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wickedness", "*təsallēp*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - perverts/overthrows", "*ḥaṭṭāʾt*": "noun, feminine singular - sin/sinful one" }, "variants": { "*ṣədāqâ*": "righteousness/justice/right behavior", "*tiṣṣōr*": "guards/preserves/protects", "*tām*": "blameless/complete/having integrity", "*dārek*": "way/path/journey", "*rišʿâ*": "wickedness/evil", "*təsallēp*": "perverts/overthrows/subverts", "*ḥaṭṭāʾt*": "sin/sinner/sinful one" } }

7 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.7", "source": "יֵ֣שׁ מִ֭תְעַשֵּׁר וְאֵ֣ין כֹּ֑ל מִ֝תְרוֹשֵׁ֗שׁ וְה֣וֹן רָֽב׃", "text": "*yēš mitʿaššēr wə-ʾēyn kōl mitrôšēš wə-hôn rāb*", "grammar": { "*yēš*": "particle of existence - there is", "*mitʿaššēr*": "verb, hitpael participle, masculine singular - making himself rich", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾēyn*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular - anything/all", "*mitrôšēš*": "verb, hitpael participle, masculine singular - making himself poor", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*hôn*": "noun, masculine singular - wealth/riches", "*rāb*": "adjective, masculine singular - much/great" }, "variants": { "*mitʿaššēr*": "making himself rich/pretending to be rich", "*ʾēyn kōl*": "has nothing/without anything", "*mitrôšēš*": "making himself poor/pretending to be poor", "*hôn rāb*": "great wealth/abundant riches" } }

8 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.8", "source": "כֹּ֣פֶר נֶֽפֶשׁ־אִ֣ישׁ עָשְׁר֑וֹ וְ֝רָ֗שׁ לֹא־שָׁמַ֥ע גְּעָרָֽה׃", "text": "*kōper nepeš-ʾîš ʿāšrô wə-rāš lōʾ-šāmaʿ gəʿārâ*", "grammar": { "*kōper*": "noun, masculine singular construct - ransom of", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine singular construct - life of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ʿāšrô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wealth", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*rāš*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor man", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*šāmaʿ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - hears/listens to", "*gəʿārâ*": "noun, feminine singular - rebuke/threat" }, "variants": { "*kōper*": "ransom/price of life/redemption price", "*nepeš*": "life/person/self", "*ʿāšrô*": "his wealth/his riches", "*rāš*": "poor man/destitute person", "*šāmaʿ*": "hears/listens to/heeds", "*gəʿārâ*": "rebuke/threat/intimidation" } }

9 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.9", "source": "אוֹר־צַדִּיקִ֥ים יִשְׂמָ֑ח וְנֵ֖ר רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִדְעָֽךְ׃", "text": "*ʾôr-ṣaddîqîm yiśmāḥ wə-nēr rəšāʿîm yidʿāk*", "grammar": { "*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - light of", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - righteous ones", "*yiśmāḥ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - rejoices/shines brightly", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*nēr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - lamp of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*yidʿāk*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - goes out/is extinguished" }, "variants": { "*ʾôr*": "light/brightness", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "righteous ones/just people", "*yiśmāḥ*": "rejoices/shines brightly/is joyful", "*nēr*": "lamp/light", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evil people", "*yidʿāk*": "goes out/is extinguished/is put out" } }

10 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.10", "source": "רַק־בְּ֭זָדוֹן יִתֵּ֣ן מַצָּ֑ה וְאֶת־נ֖וֹעָצִ֣ים חָכְמָֽה׃", "text": "*raq-bəzādôn yittēn maṣṣâ wə-ʾet-nôʿāṣîm ḥokmâ*", "grammar": { "*raq*": "adverb - only", "*bəzādôn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - through/by pride", "*yittēn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - gives/produces", "*maṣṣâ*": "noun, feminine singular - strife/contention", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*nôʿāṣîm*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine plural - those who take counsel", "*ḥokmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom" }, "variants": { "*zādôn*": "pride/arrogance/insolence", "*yittēn*": "gives/produces/causes", "*maṣṣâ*": "strife/contention/quarrel", "*nôʿāṣîm*": "those who take counsel/those consulting together/advised ones" } }

11 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.11", "source": "ה֭וֹן מֵהֶ֣בֶל יִמְעָ֑ט וְקֹבֵ֖ץ עַל־יָ֣ד יַרְבֶּֽה׃", "text": "*hôn mēhebel yimʿāṭ wə-qōbēṣ ʿal-yād yarbê*", "grammar": { "*hôn*": "noun, masculine singular - wealth", "*mēhebel*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from vanity/from being easily gotten", "*yimʿāṭ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - diminishes/decreases", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*qōbēṣ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - gathering/collecting", "*ʿal-yād*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - little by little/by labor", "*yarbê*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - increases/multiplies" }, "variants": { "*hôn*": "wealth/riches/substance", "*mēhebel*": "from vanity/fraudulently/from being easily gotten", "*yimʿāṭ*": "diminishes/decreases/becomes less", "*qōbēṣ*": "gathering/collecting/accumulating", "*ʿal-yād*": "little by little/gradually/by labor", "*yarbê*": "increases/multiplies/grows" } }

12 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.12", "source": "תּוֹחֶ֣לֶת מְ֭מֻשָּׁכָה מַחֲלָה־לֵ֑ב וְעֵ֥ץ חַ֝יִּ֗ים תַּאֲוָ֥ה בָאָֽה׃", "text": "*tôḥelet məmuššākâ maḥălâ-lēb wə-ʿēṣ ḥayyîm taʾăwâ bāʾâ*", "grammar": { "*tôḥelet*": "noun, feminine singular - hope/expectation", "*məmuššākâ*": "verb, pual participle, feminine singular - prolonged/deferred", "*maḥălâ*": "noun, feminine singular - sickness/disease", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular - heart", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - tree of", "*ḥayyîm*": "noun, masculine plural - life", "*taʾăwâ*": "noun, feminine singular - desire/longing", "*bāʾâ*": "verb, qal participle, feminine singular - coming/fulfilled" }, "variants": { "*tôḥelet*": "hope/expectation/what is waited for", "*məmuššākâ*": "prolonged/deferred/drawn out", "*maḥălâ-lēb*": "heart sickness/anguish of heart", "*ʿēṣ ḥayyîm*": "tree of life", "*taʾăwâ*": "desire/longing/what is desired", "*bāʾâ*": "coming/fulfilled/realized" } }

13 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.13", "source": "בָּ֣ז לְ֭דָבָר יֵחָ֣בֶל ל֑וֹ וִירֵ֥א מִ֝צְוָ֗ה ה֣וּא יְשֻׁלָּֽם׃", "text": "*bāz lədābār yēḥābel lô wîrēʾ miṣwâ hûʾ yəšullām*", "grammar": { "*bāz*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - despising", "*lədābār*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to word/thing", "*yēḥābel*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be held in pledge/destroyed", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*wîrēʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal participle, masculine singular - and one fearing", "*miṣwâ*": "noun, feminine singular - commandment", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he", "*yəšullām*": "verb, pual imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be rewarded" }, "variants": { "*bāz*": "despising/scorning/holding in contempt", "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter", "*yēḥābel*": "will be held in pledge/will be destroyed/will bring ruin upon himself", "*yîrēʾ*": "one fearing/one revering", "*miṣwâ*": "commandment/precept/decree", "*yəšullām*": "will be rewarded/will receive recompense" } }

14 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.14", "source": "תּוֹרַ֣ת חָ֭כָם מְק֣וֹר חַיִּ֑ים לָ֝ס֗וּר מִמֹּ֥קְשֵׁי מָֽוֶת׃", "text": "*tôrat ḥākām məqôr ḥayyîm lāsûr mimmōqəšê māwet*", "grammar": { "*tôrat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - instruction/law of", "*ḥākām*": "adjective, masculine singular - wise person", "*məqôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fountain/source of", "*ḥayyîm*": "noun, masculine plural - life", "*lāsûr*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to turn away from", "*mimmōqəšê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from snares of", "*māwet*": "noun, masculine singular - death" }, "variants": { "*tôrat*": "instruction/law/teaching", "*ḥākām*": "wise person/sage", "*məqôr*": "fountain/source/wellspring", "*ḥayyîm*": "life/living", "*lāsûr*": "to turn away from/to depart from", "*mōqəšê*": "snares/traps", "*māwet*": "death/mortality" } }

15 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.15", "source": "שֵֽׂכֶל־ט֭וֹב יִתֶּן־חֵ֑ן וְדֶ֖רֶךְ בֹּגְדִ֣ים אֵיתָֽן׃", "text": "*śēkel-ṭôb yittēn-ḥēn wə-derek bōgədîm ʾêtān*", "grammar": { "*śēkel*": "noun, masculine singular - insight/understanding", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*yittēn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - gives/produces", "*ḥēn*": "noun, masculine singular - favor/grace", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*derek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way of", "*bōgədîm*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural - treacherous ones", "*ʾêtān*": "adjective, masculine singular - hard/rough/enduring" }, "variants": { "*śēkel*": "insight/understanding/prudence", "*ṭôb*": "good/fine/pleasant", "*yittēn*": "gives/produces/yields", "*ḥēn*": "favor/grace/acceptance", "*derek*": "way/path/conduct", "*bōgədîm*": "treacherous ones/unfaithful ones/transgressors", "*ʾêtān*": "hard/rough/enduring/rugged" } }

16 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.16", "source": "כָּל־עָ֭רוּם יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה בְדָ֑עַת וּ֝כְסִ֗יל יִפְרֹ֥שׂ אִוֶּֽלֶת׃", "text": "*kāl-ʿārûm yaʿăśê bədāʿat ûkəsîl yiprōś ʾiwwelet*", "grammar": { "*kāl*": "noun, masculine singular - all/every", "*ʿārûm*": "adjective, masculine singular - prudent/shrewd person", "*yaʿăśê*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - acts/does", "*bədāʿat*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - with knowledge", "*û*": "conjunction - and/but", "*kəsîl*": "noun, masculine singular - fool", "*yiprōś*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - spreads out/displays", "*ʾiwwelet*": "noun, feminine singular - folly/foolishness" }, "variants": { "*ʿārûm*": "prudent/shrewd/sensible person", "*yaʿăśê*": "acts/does/performs", "*dāʿat*": "knowledge/understanding/insight", "*kəsîl*": "fool/stupid person", "*yiprōś*": "spreads out/displays/exposes", "*ʾiwwelet*": "folly/foolishness/stupidity" } }

17 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.17", "source": "מַלְאָ֣ךְ רָ֭שָׁע יִפֹּ֣ל בְּרָ֑ע וְצִ֖יר אֱמוּנִ֣ים מַרְפֵּֽא׃", "text": "*malʾāk rāšāʿ yippōl bərāʿ wə-ṣîr ʾĕmûnîm marpēʾ*", "grammar": { "*malʾāk*": "noun, masculine singular construct - messenger of", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - wicked", "*yippōl*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - falls", "*bərāʿ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - into evil/harm", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and/but", "*ṣîr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - envoy/messenger of", "*ʾĕmûnîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - faithful/trustworthy", "*marpēʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - healing/health" }, "variants": { "*malʾāk*": "messenger/envoy/ambassador", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked/evil/criminal", "*yippōl*": "falls/falls into/is cast", "*rāʿ*": "evil/harm/misfortune", "*ṣîr*": "envoy/messenger/ambassador", "*ʾĕmûnîm*": "faithful/trustworthy/reliable", "*marpēʾ*": "healing/health/remedy" } }

18 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.18", "source": "רֵ֣ישׁ וְ֭קָלוֹן פּוֹרֵ֣עַ מוּסָ֑ר וְשׁוֹמֵ֖ר תּוֹכַ֣חַת יְכֻבָּֽד׃", "text": "*rêš wə-qālôn pôrēaʿ mûsār wə-šômēr tôkaḥat yəkubbād*", "grammar": { "*rêš*": "noun, masculine singular - poverty", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*qālôn*": "noun, masculine singular - shame/dishonor", "*pôrēaʿ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - rejecting/ignoring", "*mûsār*": "noun, masculine singular - discipline/instruction", "*wə-*": "conjunction - but", "*šômēr*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - keeping/regarding", "*tôkaḥat*": "noun, feminine singular - reproof/rebuke", "*yəkubbād*": "verb, pual imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - is honored" }, "variants": { "*rêš*": "poverty/destitution", "*qālôn*": "shame/dishonor/disgrace", "*pôrēaʿ*": "rejecting/ignoring/abandoning", "*mûsār*": "discipline/instruction/correction", "*šômēr*": "keeping/regarding/heeding", "*tôkaḥat*": "reproof/rebuke/correction", "*yəkubbād*": "is honored/is esteemed/will be honored" } }

19 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.19", "source": "תַּאֲוָ֣ה נִ֭הְיָה תֶּעֱרַ֣ב לְנָ֑פֶשׁ וְתוֹעֲבַ֥ת כְּ֝סִילִ֗ים ס֣וּר מֵרָֽע׃", "text": "*taʾăwâ nihyâ teʿĕrab lənāpeš wə-tôʿăbat kəsîlîm sûr mērāʿ*", "grammar": { "*taʾăwâ*": "noun, feminine singular - desire/longing", "*nihyâ*": "verb, niphal participle, feminine singular - fulfilled/realized", "*teʿĕrab*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - is sweet/pleasant", "*lənāpeš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - to soul/person", "*wə-*": "conjunction - but", "*tôʿăbat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - abomination of", "*kəsîlîm*": "noun, masculine plural - fools", "*sûr*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to turn away", "*mērāʿ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from evil" }, "variants": { "*taʾăwâ*": "desire/longing/craving", "*nihyâ*": "fulfilled/realized/accomplished", "*teʿĕrab*": "is sweet/is pleasant/is satisfying", "*nāpeš*": "soul/person/self", "*tôʿăbat*": "abomination/detestable thing", "*kəsîlîm*": "fools/stupid persons", "*sûr*": "to turn away/to depart", "*rāʿ*": "evil/wickedness/harm" } }

20 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.20", "source": "הוֹלֵ֣ךְ אֶת־חֲכָמִ֣ים יֶחְכָּ֑ם וְרֹעֶ֖ה כְסִילִ֣ים יֵרֽוֹעַ׃", "text": "*hôlēk ʾet-ḥăkāmîm yeḥkām wə-rōʿê kəsîlîm yērôaʿ*", "grammar": { "*hôlēk*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - walking/going", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ḥăkāmîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wise ones", "*yeḥkām*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will become wise", "*wə-*": "conjunction - but", "*rōʿê*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular construct - one associating with/shepherding", "*kəsîlîm*": "noun, masculine plural - fools", "*yērôaʿ*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will suffer harm" }, "variants": { "*hôlēk*": "walking/going/associating with", "*ḥăkāmîm*": "wise ones/sages", "*yeḥkām*": "will become wise/will grow wise", "*rōʿê*": "one associating with/shepherding/befriending", "*kəsîlîm*": "fools/stupid persons", "*yērôaʿ*": "will suffer harm/will be broken/will be destroyed" } }

21 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.21", "source": "חַ֭טָּאִים תְּרַדֵּ֣ף רָעָ֑ה וְאֶת־צַ֝דִּיקִ֗ים יְשַׁלֶּם־טֽוֹב׃", "text": "*ḥaṭṭāʾîm təradēp rāʿâ wə-ʾet-ṣaddîqîm yəšallem-ṭôb*", "grammar": { "*ḥaṭṭāʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sinners", "*təradēp*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - pursues", "*rāʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/disaster", "*wə-*": "conjunction - but", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - righteous ones", "*yəšallem*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - repays/rewards", "*ṭôb*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular - good/goodness" }, "variants": { "*ḥaṭṭāʾîm*": "sinners/transgressors", "*təradēp*": "pursues/chases/hunts", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/disaster/calamity", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "righteous ones/just persons", "*yəšallem*": "repays/rewards/completes", "*ṭôb*": "good/goodness/prosperity" } }

22 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.22", "source": "ט֗וֹב יַנְחִ֥יל בְּנֵֽי־בָנִ֑ים וְצָפ֥וּן לַ֝צַּדִּ֗יק חֵ֣יל חוֹטֵֽא׃", "text": "*ṭôb yanḥîl bənê-bānîm wə-ṣāpûn laṣṣaddîq ḥêl ḥôṭēʾ*", "grammar": { "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good person", "*yanḥîl*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - causes to inherit", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*bānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sons/children", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ṣāpûn*": "verb, qal passive participle, masculine singular - is stored up/is laid up", "*laṣṣaddîq*": "preposition + article + adjective, masculine singular - for the righteous", "*ḥêl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wealth/strength of", "*ḥôṭēʾ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - sinner" }, "variants": { "*ṭôb*": "good person/good man", "*yanḥîl*": "causes to inherit/leaves as inheritance", "*bənê-bānîm*": "children's children/grandchildren", "*ṣāpûn*": "is stored up/is laid up/is reserved", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous person/just one", "*ḥêl*": "wealth/strength/substance", "*ḥôṭēʾ*": "sinner/one who sins" } }

23 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.23", "source": "רָב־אֹ֖כֶל נִ֣יר רָאשִׁ֑ים וְיֵ֥שׁ נִ֝סְפֶּ֗ה בְּלֹ֣א מִשְׁפָּֽט׃", "text": "*rāb-ʾōkel nîr rāʾšîm wə-yēš nispê bəlōʾ mišpāṭ*", "grammar": { "*rāb*": "adjective, masculine singular - much/abundance of", "*ʾōkel*": "noun, masculine singular - food", "*nîr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - newly plowed field of", "*rāʾšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - poor/heads", "*wə-*": "conjunction - but", "*yēš*": "particle of existence - there is", "*nispê*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - swept away/destroyed", "*bəlōʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - without", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice/judgment" }, "variants": { "*rāb*": "much/abundance/plenty", "*ʾōkel*": "food/nourishment", "*nîr*": "newly plowed field/tillage", "*rāʾšîm*": "poor/heads/poor men", "*nispê*": "swept away/destroyed/perishing", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/fairness" } }

24 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.24", "source": "חוֹשֵׂ֣ךְ שִׁ֭בְטוֹ שׂוֹנֵ֣א בְנ֑וֹ וְ֝אֹהֲב֗וֹ שִֽׁחֲר֥וֹ מוּסָֽר׃", "text": "*ḥôśēk šibṭô śônēʾ bənô wə-ʾōhăbô šiḥărô mûsār*", "grammar": { "*ḥôśēk*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - withholding/sparing", "*šibṭô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his rod", "*śônēʾ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - hating/is one who hates", "*bənô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son", "*wə-*": "conjunction - but", "*ʾōhăbô*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - loving him", "*šiḥărô*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - seeks him early/diligently", "*mûsār*": "noun, masculine singular - discipline/instruction" }, "variants": { "*ḥôśēk*": "withholding/sparing/holding back", "*šibeṭ*": "rod/staff/club", "*śônēʾ*": "hating/is one who hates", "*bēn*": "son/child/boy", "*ʾōhēb*": "loving/is one who loves", "*šiḥăr*": "seeks early/diligently provides/earnestly disciplines", "*mûsār*": "discipline/instruction/correction" } }

25 { "verseID": "Proverbs.13.25", "source": "צַדִּ֗יק אֹ֭כֵל לְשֹׂ֣בַע נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וּבֶ֖טֶן רְשָׁעִ֣ים תֶּחְסָֽר׃ פ", "text": "*ṣaddîq ʾōkēl ləśōbaʿ napšô ûbeṭen rəšāʿîm teḥsār*", "grammar": { "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective, masculine singular - righteous person", "*ʾōkēl*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - eats", "*ləśōbaʿ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to satisfaction of", "*napšô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul/appetite", "*û*": "conjunction - but", "*beṭen*": "noun, feminine singular construct - belly/stomach of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*teḥsār*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will lack/be empty" }, "variants": { "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous person/just one", "*ʾōkēl*": "eats/feeds", "*śōbaʿ*": "satisfaction/fullness/satiety", "*nepeš*": "soul/appetite/desire", "*beṭen*": "belly/stomach/appetite", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evil people", "*teḥsār*": "will lack/will be empty/will go hungry" } }

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