1 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.1", "source": "אַל־תְּ֭קַנֵּא בְּאַנְשֵׁ֣י רָעָ֑ה וְאַל־תִּ֝תְאָ֗יו לִהְי֥וֹת אִתָּֽם׃", "text": "Not *təqannēʾ* in *ʾanšê* *rāʿāh* and-not *titəʾāw* *lihyôt* with-them", "grammar": { "*təqannēʾ*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - be envious/jealous", "*ʾanšê*": "construct state, masculine plural - men of", "*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - evil/wickedness", "*titəʾāw*": "Hithpael imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - desire/crave", "*lihyôt*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition - to be" }, "variants": { "*təqannēʾ*": "be envious/jealous/zealous", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/wickedness/calamity", "*titəʾāw*": "desire strongly/crave/long for" } }

2 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.2", "source": "כִּי־שֹׁ֭ד יֶהְגֶּ֣ה לִבָּ֑ם וְ֝עָמָ֗ל שִׂפְתֵיהֶ֥ם תְּדַבֵּֽרְנָה׃", "text": "For *šōd* *yehgêh* their-*lēb* and-*ʿāmāl* their-*śiptêhem* *tədabbērnāh*", "grammar": { "*šōd*": "masculine singular noun - violence/destruction", "*yehgêh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - meditates/plots", "*lēb*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - heart/mind", "*ʿāmāl*": "masculine singular noun - trouble/mischief/labor", "*śiptêhem*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - lips", "*tədabbērnāh*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - speak/declare" }, "variants": { "*šōd*": "violence/destruction/oppression", "*yehgêh*": "meditate/plot/mutter/devise", "*ʿāmāl*": "trouble/mischief/labor/toil" } }

3 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.3", "source": "בְּ֭חָכְמָה יִבָּ֣נֶה בָּ֑יִת וּ֝בִתְבוּנָ֗ה יִתְכּוֹנָֽן׃", "text": "By-*ḥokmāh* *yibbāneh* *bayit* and-by-*tebûnāh* *yitkônān*", "grammar": { "*ḥokmāh*": "feminine singular noun with preposition - wisdom", "*yibbāneh*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is built", "*bayit*": "masculine singular noun - house", "*tebûnāh*": "feminine singular noun with preposition - understanding", "*yitkônān*": "Hithpolel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is established" }, "variants": { "*ḥokmāh*": "wisdom/skill", "*tebûnāh*": "understanding/discernment/intelligence", "*yitkônān*": "is established/is made firm/is prepared" } }

4 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.4", "source": "וּ֭בְדַעַת חֲדָרִ֣ים יִמָּלְא֑וּ כָּל־ה֖וֹן יָקָ֣ר וְנָעִֽים׃", "text": "And-by-*daʿat* *ḥădārîm* *yimmālʾû* all-*hôn* *yāqār* and-*nāʿîm*", "grammar": { "*daʿat*": "feminine singular noun with preposition - knowledge", "*ḥădārîm*": "masculine plural noun - chambers/rooms", "*yimmālʾû*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - are filled", "*hôn*": "masculine singular noun - wealth/substance", "*yāqār*": "masculine singular adjective - precious/rare", "*nāʿîm*": "masculine singular adjective - pleasant/delightful" }, "variants": { "*daʿat*": "knowledge/perception/skill", "*ḥădārîm*": "chambers/rooms/inner parts", "*hôn*": "wealth/riches/substance" } }

5 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.5", "source": "גֶּֽבֶר־חָכָ֥ם בַּע֑וֹז וְאִֽישׁ־דַּ֝֗עַת מְאַמֶּץ־כֹּֽחַ׃", "text": "*Geber*-*ḥākām* in-*ʿôz* and-*ʾîš*-*daʿat* *məʾammēṣ*-*kōaḥ*", "grammar": { "*geber*": "masculine singular noun - man/mighty man", "*ḥākām*": "masculine singular adjective - wise", "*ʿôz*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - strength/might", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*daʿat*": "feminine singular noun - knowledge", "*məʾammēṣ*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - strengthening", "*kōaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - strength/power" }, "variants": { "*geber*": "man/mighty man/warrior", "*ʿôz*": "strength/might/power", "*məʾammēṣ*": "strengthening/making firm/increasing" } }

6 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.6", "source": "כִּ֣י בְ֭תַחְבֻּלוֹת תַּעֲשֶׂה־לְּךָ֣ מִלְחָמָ֑ה וּ֝תְשׁוּעָ֗ה בְּרֹ֣ב יוֹעֵֽץ׃", "text": "For by-*taḥbulôt* *taʿăśeh*-to-you *milḥāmāh* and-*tešûʿāh* in-abundance-of *yôʿēṣ*", "grammar": { "*taḥbulôt*": "feminine plural noun with preposition - guidance/direction", "*taʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you make/do", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - war/battle", "*tešûʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - deliverance/victory", "*yôʿēṣ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - advisor/counselor" }, "variants": { "*taḥbulôt*": "guidance/wise counsel/strategic planning", "*tešûʿāh*": "deliverance/victory/salvation", "*yôʿēṣ*": "advisor/counselor/one who gives counsel" } }

7 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.7", "source": "רָאמ֣וֹת לֶֽאֱוִ֣יל חָכְמ֑וֹת בַּ֝שַּׁ֗עַר לֹ֣א יִפְתַּח־פִּֽיהוּ׃", "text": "*Rāʾmôt* to-*ʾěwîl* *ḥokmôt* in-the-*šaʿar* not *yiptaḥ*-*pîhû*", "grammar": { "*rāʾmôt*": "feminine plural noun - coral/high thing/too high", "*ʾěwîl*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - fool", "*ḥokmôt*": "feminine plural noun - wisdom", "*šaʿar*": "masculine singular noun with article - gate", "*yiptaḥ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he opens", "*pîhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his mouth" }, "variants": { "*rāʾmôt*": "coral/too high/unattainable", "*ʾěwîl*": "fool/stupid person", "*šaʿar*": "gate/public place where legal matters are decided" } }

8 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.8", "source": "מְחַשֵּׁ֥ב לְהָרֵ֑עַ ל֝֗וֹ בַּֽעַל־מְזִמּ֥וֹת יִקְרָֽאוּ׃", "text": "*Məḥaššēb* *ləhārēaʿ* to-him *baʿal*-*məzimmôt* *yiqrāʾû*", "grammar": { "*məḥaššēb*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - plotting/scheming", "*ləhārēaʿ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with preposition - to do evil", "*baʿal*": "masculine singular construct - master of/owner of", "*məzimmôt*": "feminine plural noun - plots/schemes", "*yiqrāʾû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they call" }, "variants": { "*məḥaššēb*": "plotter/schemer/one who plans", "*ləhārēaʿ*": "to do evil/to harm/to cause trouble", "*baʿal*-*məzimmôt*": "master of schemes/schemer/deviser of evil" } }

9 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.9", "source": "זִמַּ֣ת אִוֶּ֣לֶת חַטָּ֑את וְתוֹעֲבַ֖ת לְאָדָ֣ם לֵֽץ׃", "text": "*Zimmat* *ʾiwwelet* *ḥaṭṭāʾt* and-*tôʿăbat* to-*ʾādām* *lēṣ*", "grammar": { "*zimmat*": "feminine singular construct - scheme/plan", "*ʾiwwelet*": "feminine singular noun - folly", "*ḥaṭṭāʾt*": "feminine singular noun - sin", "*tôʿăbat*": "feminine singular construct - abomination of", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - mankind/person", "*lēṣ*": "masculine singular noun - scoffer/mocker" }, "variants": { "*zimmat*": "scheme/plan/evil purpose", "*ʾiwwelet*": "folly/foolishness", "*ḥaṭṭāʾt*": "sin/offense/wrongdoing", "*tôʿăbat*": "abomination/detestable thing", "*lēṣ*": "scoffer/mocker/one who ridicules" } }

10 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.10", "source": "הִ֭תְרַפִּיתָ בְּי֥וֹם צָרָ֗ה צַ֣ר כֹּחֶֽכָה׃", "text": "*Hitrapiytā* in-*yôm* *ṣārāh* narrow *kōḥekāh*", "grammar": { "*hitrapiytā*": "Hithpael perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you showed yourself slack", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - day", "*ṣārāh*": "feminine singular noun - distress/trouble", "*kōḥekāh*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your strength" }, "variants": { "*hitrapiytā*": "showed yourself slack/were lazy/gave up", "*ṣārāh*": "distress/trouble/adversity", "צַ֣ר": "narrow/restricted/limited" } }

11 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.11", "source": "הַ֭צֵּל לְקֻחִ֣ים לַמָּ֑וֶת וּמָטִ֥ים לַ֝הֶ֗רֶג אִם־תַּחְשֽׂוֹךְ׃", "text": "*Haṣṣēl* *ləquḥiym* to-the-*māwet* and-*māṭiym* to-the-*hereg* if *taḥśôk*", "grammar": { "*haṣṣēl*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - rescue/deliver", "*ləquḥiym*": "Qal passive participle, masculine plural - those being taken", "*māwet*": "masculine singular noun with preposition and article - death", "*māṭiym*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - those staggering/tottering", "*hereg*": "masculine singular noun with preposition and article - slaughter", "*taḥśôk*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you hold back" }, "variants": { "*haṣṣēl*": "rescue/deliver/save", "*ləquḥiym*": "those being taken/captives", "*māṭiym*": "those staggering/tottering/stumbling", "*taḥśôk*": "hold back/refrain/withhold" } }

12 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.12", "source": "כִּֽי־תֹאמַ֗ר הֵן֮ לֹא־יָדַ֢עְנ֫וּ זֶ֥ה הֲ‍ֽלֹא־תֹ֘כֵ֤ן לִבּ֨וֹת ׀ הֽוּא־יָבִ֗ין וְנֹצֵ֣ר נַ֭פְשְׁךָ ה֣וּא יֵדָ֑ע וְהֵשִׁ֖יב לְאָדָ֣ם כְּפָעֳלֽוֹ׃", "text": "For *tōʾmar* behold not *yādaʿnû* this? Is-not *tōkēn* *libbôt* He-*yābîn* and-*nōṣēr* *napšəkā* He *yēdāʿ* and-*hēšîb* to-*ʾādām* according-to-*pāʿŏlô*", "grammar": { "*tōʾmar*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you say", "*yādaʿnû*": "Qal perfect, 1st person common plural - we knew", "*tōkēn*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - weigher/examiner", "*libbôt*": "masculine plural noun - hearts", "*yābîn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he understands", "*nōṣēr*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - keeper/guardian", "*napšəkā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your soul", "*yēdāʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he knows", "*hēšîb*": "Hiphil perfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - he returns/repays", "*pāʿŏlô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his deed" }, "variants": { "*tōkēn*": "weigher/examiner/one who tests", "*nōṣēr*": "keeper/guardian/one who watches", "*hēšîb*": "returns/repays/gives back" } }

13 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.13", "source": "אֱכָל־בְּנִ֣י דְבַ֣שׁ כִּי־ט֑וֹב וְנֹ֥פֶת מָ֝ת֗וֹק עַל־חִכֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "*ʾěkāl*-*bənî* *dəbaš* for-*ṭôb* and-*nōpet* *mātôq* upon-*ḥikkekā*", "grammar": { "*ʾěkāl*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - eat", "*bənî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my son", "*dəbaš*": "masculine singular noun - honey", "*ṭôb*": "masculine singular adjective - good", "*nōpet*": "masculine singular noun - honeycomb", "*mātôq*": "masculine singular adjective - sweet", "*ḥikkekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your palate" }, "variants": { "*dəbaš*": "honey/sweetness", "*nōpet*": "honeycomb/dripping honey", "*ḥikkekā*": "your palate/your taste" } }

14 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.14", "source": "כֵּ֤ן ׀ דְּעֶ֥ה חָכְמָ֗ה לְנַ֫פְשֶׁ֥ךָ אִם־מָ֭צָאתָ וְיֵ֣שׁ אַחֲרִ֑ית וְ֝תִקְוָתְךָ֗ לֹ֣א תִכָּרֵֽת׃ פ", "text": "So *dəʿêh* *ḥokmāh* to-*napšekā* if-*māṣāʾtā* and-exists *ʾaḥărît* and-*tiqwātəkā* not *tikkārēt*", "grammar": { "*dəʿêh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - know", "*ḥokmāh*": "feminine singular noun - wisdom", "*napšekā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your soul", "*māṣāʾtā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you found", "*ʾaḥărît*": "feminine singular noun - end/outcome/future", "*tiqwātəkā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hope", "*tikkārēt*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be cut off" }, "variants": { "*dəʿêh*": "know/understand/experience", "*napšekā*": "your soul/your being/yourself", "*ʾaḥărît*": "end/outcome/future/posterity", "*tikkārēt*": "will be cut off/will be destroyed/will fail" } }

15 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.15", "source": "אַל־תֶּאֱרֹ֣ב רָ֭שָׁע לִנְוֵ֣ה צַדִּ֑יק אַֽל־תְּשַׁדֵּ֥ד רִבְצוֹ׃", "text": "Not-*teʾěrōb* *rāšāʿ* to-*nəwêh* *ṣaddîq* not-*təšaddēd* *ribṣô*", "grammar": { "*teʾěrōb*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - lie in wait", "*rāšāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective - wicked", "*nəwêh*": "masculine singular construct - dwelling of", "*ṣaddîq*": "masculine singular adjective - righteous", "*təšaddēd*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - destroy/devastate", "*ribṣô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his resting place" }, "variants": { "*teʾěrōb*": "lie in wait/ambush/set a trap", "*nəwêh*": "dwelling/habitation/pasture", "*təšaddēd*": "destroy/devastate/ruin", "*ribṣô*": "his resting place/his dwelling/his lair" } }

16 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.16", "source": "כִּ֤י שֶׁ֨בַע ׀ יִפּ֣וֹל צַדִּ֣יק וָקָ֑ם וּ֝רְשָׁעִ֗ים יִכָּשְׁל֥וּ בְרָעָֽה׃", "text": "For *šebaʿ* *yippôl* *ṣaddîq* *wāqām* and-*rəšāʿîm* *yikkāšəlû* in-*rāʿāh*", "grammar": { "*šebaʿ*": "masculine singular number - seven", "*yippôl*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - falls", "*ṣaddîq*": "masculine singular adjective - righteous", "*wāqām*": "Qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and rises", "*rəšāʿîm*": "masculine plural adjective - wicked", "*yikkāšəlû*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - stumble/are overthrown", "*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular noun with preposition - evil/calamity" }, "variants": { "*yippôl*": "falls/fails/collapses", "*wāqām*": "rises/stands up/recovers", "*yikkāšəlû*": "stumble/are overthrown/fall down", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/calamity/distress" } }

17 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.17", "source": "בִּנְפֹ֣ל אֽ֭וֹיִבְךָ אַל־תִּשְׂמָ֑ח וּ֝בִכָּשְׁל֗וֹ אַל־יָגֵ֥ל לִבֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "In-*nəpōl* *ʾôyibəkā* not-*tiśmāḥ* and-in-*hikkāšəlô* not-*yāgēl* *libbeka*", "grammar": { "*nəpōl*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition - falling of", "*ʾôyibəkā*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemy", "*tiśmāḥ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - rejoice", "*hikkāšəlô*": "Niphal infinitive construct with preposition and 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his stumbling", "*yāgēl*": "Qal imperfect jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - let rejoice", "*libbeka*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your heart" }, "variants": { "*nəpōl*": "falling/downfall", "*ʾôyibəkā*": "your enemy/your foe/one who hates you", "*tiśmāḥ*": "rejoice/be glad", "*hikkāšəlô*": "his stumbling/his fall", "*yāgēl*": "rejoice/exult/be glad" } }

18 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.18", "source": "פֶּן־יִרְאֶ֣ה יְ֭הוָה וְרַ֣ע בְּעֵינָ֑יו וְהֵשִׁ֖יב מֵעָלָ֣יו אַפּֽוֹ׃", "text": "Lest-*yirʾeh* *YHWH* and-evil in-*ʿênāyw* and-*hēšîb* from-upon-him *ʾappô*", "grammar": { "*yirʾeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he sees", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʿênāyw*": "common dual noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*hēšîb*": "Hiphil perfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - he turns away", "*ʾappô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his anger" }, "variants": { "*yirʾeh*": "sees/perceives/observes", "*hēšîb*": "turns away/returns/brings back", "*ʾappô*": "his anger/his wrath/his nose" } }

19 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.19", "source": "אַל־תִּתְחַ֥ר בַּמְּרֵעִ֑ים אַל־תְּ֝קַנֵּ֗א בָּרְשָׁעִֽים׃", "text": "Not-*titḥar* in-the-*mərēʿîm* not-*təqannēʾ* in-the-*rəšāʿîm*", "grammar": { "*titḥar*": "Hithpael imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - fret/be envious", "*mərēʿîm*": "Hiphil participle, masculine plural with article - evildoers", "*təqannēʾ*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - be jealous", "*rəšāʿîm*": "masculine plural adjective with article - wicked" }, "variants": { "*titḥar*": "fret/be envious/be incited/be angry", "*mərēʿîm*": "evildoers/those who do evil", "*təqannēʾ*": "be jealous/be envious/be zealous", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evil people" } }

20 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.20", "source": "כִּ֤י ׀ לֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֣ה אַחֲרִ֣ית לָרָ֑ע נֵ֖ר רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִדְעָֽךְ׃", "text": "For not-*tihyeh* *ʾaḥărît* to-the-*rāʿ* *nēr* *rəšāʿîm* *yidʿāk*", "grammar": { "*tihyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be", "*ʾaḥărît*": "feminine singular noun - future/outcome", "*rāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective with article - evil", "*nēr*": "masculine singular noun - lamp", "*rəšāʿîm*": "masculine plural adjective - wicked", "*yidʿāk*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be extinguished" }, "variants": { "*ʾaḥărît*": "future/outcome/posterity/reward", "*rāʿ*": "evil one/evil person/evil thing", "*nēr*": "lamp/light", "*yidʿāk*": "will be extinguished/will go out" } }

21 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.21", "source": "יְרָֽא־אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה בְּנִ֣י וָמֶ֑לֶךְ עִם־שׁ֝וֹנִ֗ים אַל־תִּתְעָרָֽב׃", "text": "*Yərāʾ*-*ʾet*-*YHWH* *bənî* and-*melek* with-*šônîm* not-*titʿārāb*", "grammar": { "*yərāʾ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - fear", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*bənî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my son", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun - king", "*šônîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - changers/those who change", "*titʿārāb*": "Hithpael imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - associate yourself" }, "variants": { "*yərāʾ*": "fear/reverence/be in awe of", "*šônîm*": "changers/those who change/rebels", "*titʿārāb*": "associate yourself/mix yourself/join" } }

22 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.22", "source": "כִּֽי־פִ֭תְאֹם יָק֣וּם אֵידָ֑ם וּפִ֥יד שְׁ֝נֵיהֶ֗ם מִ֣י יוֹדֵֽעַ׃ ס", "text": "For-*pitʾōm* *yāqûm* *ʾêdām* and-*pîd* *šənêhem* who *yôdēaʿ*", "grammar": { "*pitʾōm*": "masculine singular adverb - suddenly", "*yāqûm*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will arise", "*ʾêdām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their calamity", "*pîd*": "masculine singular noun - ruin/disaster", "*šənêhem*": "masculine dual noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - of both of them", "*yôdēaʿ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - knowing" }, "variants": { "*pitʾōm*": "suddenly/unexpectedly", "*yāqûm*": "will arise/will happen/will come", "*ʾêdām*": "their calamity/their destruction", "*pîd*": "ruin/disaster/destruction" } }

23 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.23", "source": "גַּם־אֵ֥לֶּה לַֽחֲכָמִ֑ים הַֽכֵּר־פָּנִ֖ים בְּמִשְׁפָּ֣ט בַּל־טֽוֹב׃", "text": "Also-these to-the-*ḥăkāmîm* *hakkēr*-*pānîm* in-*mišpāṭ* not-*ṭôb*", "grammar": { "*ḥăkāmîm*": "masculine plural adjective with article - wise ones", "*hakkēr*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - to recognize/know", "*pānîm*": "masculine plural noun - faces", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - judgment", "*ṭôb*": "masculine singular adjective - good" }, "variants": { "*ḥăkāmîm*": "wise ones/wise people/sages", "*hakkēr*-*pānîm*": "to recognize faces/to show partiality", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal decision" } }

24 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.24", "source": "אֹ֤מֵ֨ר ׀ לְרָשָׁע֮ צַדִּ֢יק אָ֥תָּה יִקְּבֻ֥הוּ עַמִּ֑ים יִזְעָמ֥וּהוּ לְאֻמִּֽים׃", "text": "*ʾōmēr* to-*rāšāʿ* *ṣaddîq* *ʾattāh* *yiqqəbûhû* *ʿammîm* *yizʿāmûhû* *ləʾummîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾōmēr*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - one who says", "*rāšāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective with preposition - wicked", "*ṣaddîq*": "masculine singular adjective - righteous", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*yiqqəbûhû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - they will curse him", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun - peoples", "*yizʿāmûhû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - they will denounce him", "*ləʾummîm*": "masculine plural noun - nations" }, "variants": { "*yiqqəbûhû*": "they will curse him/they will denounce him", "*yizʿāmûhû*": "they will denounce him/they will detest him", "*ləʾummîm*": "nations/peoples/ethnic groups" } }

25 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.25", "source": "וְלַמּוֹכִיחִ֥ים יִנְעָ֑ם וַֽ֝עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם תָּב֥וֹא בִרְכַּת־טֹֽוּב׃", "text": "And-to-the-*môkîḥîm* *yinʿām* and-upon-them *tābôʾ* *birkat*-*ṭôb*", "grammar": { "*môkîḥîm*": "Hiphil participle, masculine plural with article - those who rebuke", "*yinʿām*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be pleasant", "*tābôʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will come", "*birkat*": "feminine singular construct - blessing of", "*ṭôb*": "masculine singular noun - good" }, "variants": { "*môkîḥîm*": "those who rebuke/those who correct/those who reprove", "*yinʿām*": "it will be pleasant/it will be delightful", "*birkat*-*ṭôb*": "blessing of good/good blessing" } }

26 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.26", "source": "שְׂפָתַ֥יִם יִשָּׁ֑ק מֵ֝שִׁ֗יב דְּבָרִ֥ים נְכֹחִֽים׃", "text": "*Śəpātayim* *yiššāq* *mēšîb* *dəbārîm* *nəkōḥîm*", "grammar": { "*śəpātayim*": "feminine dual noun - lips", "*yiššāq*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he kisses", "*mēšîb*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - one who returns", "*dəbārîm*": "masculine plural noun - words", "*nəkōḥîm*": "masculine plural adjective - right/honest" }, "variants": { "*yiššāq*": "kisses/shows affection", "*mēšîb*": "one who returns/one who answers/one who responds", "*dəbārîm*": "words/matters/things", "*nəkōḥîm*": "right/honest/straightforward" } }

27 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.27", "source": "הָ֘כֵ֤ן בַּח֨וּץ ׀ מְלַאכְתֶּ֗ךָ וְעַתְּדָ֣הּ בַּשָּׂדֶ֣ה לָ֑ךְ אַ֝חַ֗ר וּבָנִ֥יתָ בֵיתֶֽךָ׃ פ", "text": "*Hākēn* in-the-*ḥûṣ* *məlaʾktekā* and-*ʿattədāh* in-the-*śādeh* to-you after and-*bānîtā* *bêtekā*", "grammar": { "*hākēn*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - prepare", "*ḥûṣ*": "masculine singular noun with article - outside", "*məlaʾktekā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your work", "*ʿattədāh*": "Piel imperative with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - make it ready", "*śādeh*": "masculine singular noun with article - field", "*bānîtā*": "Qal perfect waw consecutive, 2nd person masculine singular - build", "*bêtekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your house" }, "variants": { "*hākēn*": "prepare/put in order", "*məlaʾktekā*": "your work/your business/your occupation", "*ʿattədāh*": "make it ready/prepare it" } }

28 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.28", "source": "אַל־תְּהִ֣י עֵד־חִנָּ֣ם בְּרֵעֶ֑ךָ וַ֝הֲפִתִּ֗יתָ בִּשְׂפָתֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "Not-*təhî* *ʿēd*-*ḥinnām* against-*rēʿekā* and-*hăpittîtā* with-*śəpāteka*", "grammar": { "*təhî*": "Qal imperfect jussive, 2nd person masculine singular - be", "*ʿēd*": "masculine singular noun - witness", "*ḥinnām*": "adverb - without cause", "*rēʿekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your neighbor", "*hăpittîtā*": "Hiphil perfect waw consecutive, 2nd person masculine singular - deceive", "*śəpāteka*": "feminine dual noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your lips" }, "variants": { "*ʿēd*-*ḥinnām*": "witness without cause/false witness", "*rēʿekā*": "your neighbor/your friend/your companion", "*hăpittîtā*": "deceive/entice/persuade" } }

29 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.29", "source": "אַל־תֹּאמַ֗ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָֽשָׂה־לִ֭י כֵּ֤ן אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לּ֑וֹ אָשִׁ֖יב לָאִ֣ישׁ כְּפָעֳלֽוֹ׃", "text": "Not-*tōʾmar* as *ʿāśāh*-to-me so *ʾeʿěśeh*-to-him *ʾāšîb* to-the-*ʾîš* according-to-*pāʿŏlô*", "grammar": { "*tōʾmar*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - say", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he did", "*ʾeʿěśeh*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person common singular - I will do", "*ʾāšîb*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st person common singular - I will repay", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun with article - man", "*pāʿŏlô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his deed" }, "variants": { "*ʾāšîb*": "I will repay/I will return/I will restore" } }

30 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.30", "source": "עַל־שְׂדֵ֣ה אִישׁ־עָצֵ֣ל עָבַ֑רְתִּי וְעַל־כֶּ֝֗רֶם אָדָ֥ם חֲסַר־לֵֽב׃", "text": "By-*śədēh* *ʾîš*-*ʿāṣēl* *ʿābartî* and-by-*kerem* *ʾādām* *ḥăsar*-*lēb*", "grammar": { "*śədēh*": "masculine singular construct - field of", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*ʿāṣēl*": "masculine singular adjective - lazy", "*ʿābartî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person common singular - I passed by", "*kerem*": "masculine singular noun - vineyard", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - man/person", "*ḥăsar*": "masculine singular construct - lacking", "*lēb*": "masculine singular noun - heart/understanding" }, "variants": { "*ʿāṣēl*": "lazy/sluggish/slothful", "*ḥăsar*-*lēb*": "lacking heart/lacking understanding/lacking sense" } }

31 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.31", "source": "וְהִנֵּ֨ה עָ֘לָ֤ה כֻלּ֨וֹ ׀ קִמְּשֹׂנִ֗ים כָּסּ֣וּ פָנָ֣יו חֲרֻלִּ֑ים וְגֶ֖דֶר אֲבָנָ֣יו נֶהֱרָֽסָה׃", "text": "And-behold *ʿālāh* all-of-it *qimmǝśōnîm* *kāssû* *pānāyw* *ḥărullîm* and-*geder* *ʾăbānāyw* *neʿěrāsāh*", "grammar": { "*ʿālāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - grew up", "*qimmǝśōnîm*": "masculine plural noun - thorns/thistles", "*kāssû*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person common plural - covered", "*pānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its surface", "*ḥărullîm*": "masculine plural noun - nettles", "*geder*": "masculine singular noun - wall", "*ʾăbānāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its stones", "*neʿěrāsāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - was broken down" }, "variants": { "*qimmǝśōnîm*": "thorns/thistles/weeds", "*ḥărullîm*": "nettles/weeds", "*geder*": "wall/fence/hedge", "*neʿěrāsāh*": "was broken down/was demolished/was thrown down" } }

32 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.32", "source": "וָֽאֶחֱזֶ֣ה אָ֭נֹכִֽי אָשִׁ֣ית לִבִּ֑י רָ֝אִ֗יתִי לָקַ֥חְתִּי מוּסָּֽר׃", "text": "And-*ʾeḥězeh* *ʾānōkî* *ʾāšît* *libbî* *rāʾîtî* *lāqaḥtî* *mûssār*", "grammar": { "*ʾeḥězeh*": "Qal imperfect waw consecutive, 1st person common singular - I observed", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person common singular pronoun - I", "*ʾāšît*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person common singular - I set", "*libbî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person common singular suffix - my heart", "*rāʾîtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person common singular - I saw", "*lāqaḥtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person common singular - I received", "*mûssār*": "masculine singular noun - instruction" }, "variants": { "*ʾeḥězeh*": "I observed/I saw/I looked upon", "*ʾāšît*": "I set/I placed/I applied", "*mûssār*": "instruction/discipline/correction" } }

33 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.33", "source": "מְעַ֣ט שֵׁ֭נוֹת מְעַ֣ט תְּנוּמ֑וֹת מְעַ֓ט ׀ חִבֻּ֖ק יָדַ֣יִם לִשְׁכָּֽב׃", "text": "Little *šēnôt* little *tənûmôt* little *ḥibbûq* *yādayim* *liškāb*", "grammar": { "*šēnôt*": "feminine plural noun - sleep", "*tənûmôt*": "feminine plural noun - slumber", "*ḥibbûq*": "masculine singular noun - folding", "*yādayim*": "feminine dual noun - hands", "*liškāb*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition - to lie down" }, "variants": { "*šēnôt*": "sleep/sleeping", "*tənûmôt*": "slumber/drowsiness", "*ḥibbûq*": "folding/clasping/embracing" } }

34 { "verseID": "Proverbs.24.34", "source": "וּבָֽא־מִתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ רֵישֶׁ֑ךָ וּ֝מַחְסֹרֶ֗יךָ כְּאִ֣ישׁ מָגֵֽן׃ פ", "text": "And-comes-*mithallēk* *rêšekā* and-*maḥsōrekā* as-*ʾîš* *māgēn*", "grammar": { "*mithallēk*": "Hithpael participle, masculine singular - coming along", "*rêšekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your poverty", "*maḥsōrekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your want", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*māgēn*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - armed" }, "variants": { "*mithallēk*": "coming along/walking about/approaching", "*rêšekā*": "your poverty/your lack", "*maḥsōrekā*": "your want/your need/your lack", "*māgēn*": "armed man/shield bearer/robber" } }