Isaiah 60:2

King James Version 1611 (Original)

For, behold, the darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people: but the LORD shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֤ה הַחֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ יְכַסֶּה־אֶ֔רֶץ וַעֲרָפֶ֖ל לְאֻמִּ֑ים וְעָלַ֙יִךְ֙ יִזְרַ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה וּכְבוֹד֖וֹ עָלַ֥יִךְ יֵרָאֶֽה׃

Transliteration

kî-hinnēh ha-ḥōšek yəḵasseh-ʾereṣ wa-ʿărāp̄el ləʾummîm wə-ʿālayik yizraḥ YHWH û-ḵəḇôḏô ʿālayik yērāʾeh

Grammar Details

• *kî-hinnēh*: conjunction + demonstrative particle - for behold
• *ha-ḥōšek*: definite article + noun, masculine singular - the darkness
• *yəḵasseh*: imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will cover
• *ʾereṣ*: noun, feminine singular - earth/land
• *wa-ʿărāp̄el*: conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and thick darkness
• *ləʾummîm*: noun, masculine plural - peoples/nations
• *wə-ʿālayik*: conjunction + preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - but upon you
• *yizraḥ*: imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will arise/shine
• *YHWH*: divine name, proper noun
• *û-ḵəḇôḏô*: conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his glory
• *ʿālayik*: preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - upon you
• *yērāʾeh*: imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, niphal - will be seen/will appear

Word Meanings

• *hinnēh*: behold/look/see
• *ḥōšek*: darkness/obscurity/gloom
• *yəḵasseh*: will cover/will conceal/will hide
• *ʾereṣ*: earth/land/ground/territory
• *ʿărāp̄el*: thick darkness/deep gloom/heavy cloud
• *ləʾummîm*: peoples/nations/communities
• *yizraḥ*: will arise/will shine/will appear/will dawn
• *kəḇôḏ*: glory/honor/splendor/abundance
• *yērāʾeh*: will be seen/will appear/will become visible/will be revealed

Referenced Verses

• 1 Pet 2:9 : 9 But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light:
• Lev 9:23 : 23 And Moses and Aaron went into the tabernacle of the congregation, and came out, and blessed the people: and the glory of the LORD appeared unto all the people.
• Num 16:19 : 19 And Korah gathered all the congregation against them unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: and the glory of the LORD appeared unto all the congregation.
• 1 Kgs 8:11 : 11 So that the priests could not stand to minister because of the cloud: for the glory of the LORD had filled the house of the LORD.
• Ps 80:1 : 1 Give ear, O Shepherd of Israel, thou that leadest Joseph like a flock; thou that dwellest between the cherubims, shine forth.
• Jer 13:16 : 16 Give glory to the LORD your God, before he cause darkness, and before your feet stumble upon the dark mountains, and, while ye look for light, he turn it into the shadow of death, and make it gross darkness.
• Ezek 10:4 : 4 Then the glory of the LORD went up from the cherub, and stood over the threshold of the house; and the house was filled with the cloud, and the court was full of the brightness of the LORD'S glory.
• Hab 3:3-4 : 3 God came from Teman, and the Holy One from mount Paran. Selah. His glory covered the heavens, and the earth was full of his praise. 4 And his brightness was as the light; he had horns coming out of his hand: and there was the hiding of his power.
• Hag 2:7-9 : 7 And I will shake all nations, and the desire of all nations shall come: and I will fill this house with glory, saith the LORD of hosts. 8 The silver is mine, and the gold is mine, saith the LORD of hosts. 9 The glory of this latter house shall be greater than of the former, saith the LORD of hosts: and in this place will I give peace, saith the LORD of hosts.
• Mal 4:2 : 2 But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings; and ye shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall.
• Matt 15:14 : 14 Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch.
• Matt 23:19 : 19 Ye fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gift, or the altar that sanctifieth the gift?
• Matt 23:24 : 24 Ye blind guides, which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel.
• John 1:1 : 1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
• John 1:14 : 14 And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth.
• John 1:18 : 18 No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him.
• John 8:55 : 55 Yet ye have not known him; but I know him: and if I should say, I know him not, I shall be a liar like unto you: but I know him, and keep his saying.
• Acts 14:16 : 16 Who in times past suffered all nations to walk in their own ways.
• Acts 17:23 : 23 For as I passed by, and beheld your devotions, I found an altar with this inscription, TO THE UNKNOWN GOD. Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you.
• Acts 17:30-31 : 30 And the times of this ignorance God winked at; but now commandeth all men every where to repent: 31 Because he hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness by that man whom he hath ordained; whereof he hath given assurance unto all men, in that he hath raised him from the dead.
• Acts 26:18 : 18 To open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in me.
• Rom 1:21-32 : 21 Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened. 22 Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, 23 And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping things. 24 Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts, to dishonour their own bodies between themselves: 25 Who changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen. 26 For this cause God gave them up unto vile affections: for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature: 27 And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another; men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompence of their error which was meet. 28 And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient; 29 Being filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers, 30 Backbiters, haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, 31 Without understanding, covenantbreakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful: 32 Who knowing the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them.
• 2 Cor 3:18 : 18 But we all, with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, even as by the Spirit of the Lord.
• 2 Cor 4:4-6 : 4 In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of them which believe not, lest the light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine unto them. 5 For we preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord; and ourselves your servants for Jesus' sake. 6 For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.
• Eph 4:17-20 : 17 This I say therefore, and testify in the Lord, that ye henceforth walk not as other Gentiles walk, in the vanity of their mind, 18 Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart: 19 Who being past feeling have given themselves over unto lasciviousness, to work all uncleanness with greediness. 20 But ye have not so learned Christ;
• Col 1:13 : 13 Who hath delivered us from the power of darkness, and hath translated us into the kingdom of his dear Son:
• Heb 1:2-3 : 2 Hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds; 3 Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high;