1{
"verseID": "Joshua.12.1",
"source": "וְאֵ֣לֶּה ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִכּ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיִּֽרְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־אַרְצָ֔ם בְּעֵ֥בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרְחָ֣ה הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ מִנַּ֤חַל אַרְנוֹן֙ עַד־הַ֣ר חֶרְמ֔וֹן וְכָל־הָעֲרָבָ֖ה מִזְרָֽחָה׃",
"text": "And these *malkê* the *ʾāreṣ* which *hikkû* *bənê*-*yiśrāʾēl* and *wayyîrəšû* *ʾet*-*ʾarṣām* in *bəʿēber* the *yardēn* *mizrəḥāh* the *šāmeš* from *naḥal* *ʾarnôn* unto *har* *ḥermôn* and all the *ʿărābāh* *mizrəḥāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these",
"*malkê*": "construct plural of *melek* - kings of",
"*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the land",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/whom/that",
"*hikkû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they struck/defeated",
"*bənê*": "construct plural of *ben* - sons of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wayyîrəšû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they possessed/inherited",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾarṣām*": "noun + 3rd plural suffix - their land",
"*bəʿēber*": "preposition + noun - in the region beyond/across",
"*ha-yardēn*": "definite noun - the Jordan",
"*mizrəḥāh*": "noun with directional suffix - eastward",
"*ha-šāmeš*": "definite noun - the sun",
"*min-naḥal*": "preposition + noun - from the wadi/stream of",
"*ʾarnôn*": "proper noun - Arnon",
"*ʿad-har*": "preposition + noun - unto the mountain of",
"*ḥermôn*": "proper noun - Hermon",
"*wə-kol*": "conjunction + noun - and all",
"*hā-ʿărābāh*": "definite noun - the Arabah/desert plain"
},
"variants": {
"*malkê*": "kings of, rulers of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "land, earth, territory, country",
"*hikkû*": "struck, defeated, conquered, slew",
"*wayyîrəšû*": "possessed, inherited, dispossessed, took possession of",
"*bəʿēber*": "beyond, across, region across, side",
"*mizrəḥāh*": "eastward, toward the east, on the east side",
"*šāmeš*": "sun, sunrise (by metonymy)",
"*naḥal*": "wadi, stream, valley, river",
"*ʿărābāh*": "desert plain, arid region, Jordan Valley"
}
}
2{
"verseID": "Joshua.12.2",
"source": "סִיחוֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י הַיּוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן מֹשֵׁ֡ל מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר אֲשֶׁר֩ עַל־שְׂפַת־נַ֨חַל אַרְנ֜וֹן וְת֤וֹךְ הַנַּ֙חַל֙ וַחֲצִ֣י הַגִּלְעָ֔ד וְעַד֙ יַבֹּ֣ק הַנַּ֔חַל גְּב֖וּל בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃",
"text": "*Sîḥôn* *melek* the *ʾĕmōrî* the *hayyôšēb* in *ḥešbôn* *mōšēl* from *ʿărôʿēr* which upon *śəpat*-*naḥal* *ʾarnôn* and *tôk* the *naḥal* and half the *gilʿād* and unto *yabbōq* the *naḥal* *gəbûl* *bənê* *ʿammôn*",
"grammar": {
"*Sîḥôn*": "proper noun - Sihon",
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*hā-ʾĕmōrî*": "definite noun, gentilic singular - the Amorite",
"*ha-yôšēb*": "definite qal participle, masculine singular - the one dwelling/sitting",
"*bə-ḥešbôn*": "preposition + proper noun - in Heshbon",
"*mōšēl*": "qal participle, masculine singular - ruling/governing",
"*mē-ʿărôʿēr*": "preposition + proper noun - from Aroer",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ʿal-śəpat*": "preposition + noun construct - upon the bank/edge of",
"*naḥal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wadi/stream of",
"*ʾarnôn*": "proper noun - Arnon",
"*wə-tôk*": "conjunction + noun construct - and middle of",
"*ha-naḥal*": "definite noun - the stream/wadi",
"*wa-ḥăṣî*": "conjunction + noun construct - and half of",
"*ha-gilʿād*": "definite proper noun - the Gilead",
"*wə-ʿad*": "conjunction + preposition - and unto",
"*yabbōq*": "proper noun - Jabbok",
"*ha-naḥal*": "definite noun - the stream/wadi",
"*gəbûl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - border/territory of",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of/children of",
"*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon"
},
"variants": {
"*melek*": "king, ruler, sovereign",
"*yôšēb*": "dwelling, residing, sitting, inhabiting",
"*mōšēl*": "ruling, governing, reigning, having dominion",
"*śəpat*": "lip, edge, shore, bank",
"*naḥal*": "wadi, stream, valley, river",
"*tôk*": "middle, midst, center, among",
"*ḥăṣî*": "half, middle part",
"*gəbûl*": "border, boundary, territory, region"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "Joshua.12.3",
"source": "וְהָעֲרָבָה֩ עַד־יָ֨ם כִּנְר֜וֹת מִזְרָ֗חָה וְ֠עַד יָ֣ם הָעֲרָבָ֤ה יָם־הַמֶּ֙לַח֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה דֶּ֖רֶךְ בֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁמ֑וֹת וּמִ֨תֵּימָ֔ן תַּ֖חַת אַשְׁדּ֥וֹת הַפִּסְגָּֽה׃",
"text": "And the *ʿărābāh* unto *yām* *kinnərôt* *mizrāḥāh* and unto *yām* the *ʿărābāh* *yām*-*hammelaḥ* *mizrāḥāh* *derek* *bêt* *hayəšimôt* and from *têmān* under *ʾašdôt* the *pisgāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hā-ʿărābāh*": "conjunction + definite noun - and the Arabah/desert plain",
"*ʿad-yām*": "preposition + noun construct - unto sea of",
"*kinnərôt*": "proper noun - Kinnereth/Chinneroth",
"*mizrāḥāh*": "noun with directional suffix - eastward",
"*wə-ʿad*": "conjunction + preposition - and unto",
"*yām*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sea of",
"*hā-ʿărābāh*": "definite noun - the Arabah/desert plain",
"*yām-hammelaḥ*": "noun construct + definite noun - sea of the salt",
"*mizrāḥāh*": "noun with directional suffix - eastward",
"*derek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/road of",
"*bêt*": "noun, construct - house of",
"*ha-yəšimôt*": "definite proper noun - the Jeshimoth",
"*û-mittêmān*": "conjunction + preposition + direction noun - and from south",
"*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath",
"*ʾašdôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - slopes/springs of",
"*ha-pisgāh*": "definite proper noun - the Pisgah"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿărābāh*": "desert plain, arid region, Jordan Valley",
"*yām*": "sea, lake, large body of water",
"*kinnərôt*": "Kinnereth/Chinneroth (Sea of Galilee)",
"*mizrāḥāh*": "eastward, toward the east",
"*yām-hammelaḥ*": "Salt Sea, Dead Sea",
"*derek*": "way, road, path, direction",
"*têmān*": "south, southern region",
"*ʾašdôt*": "slopes, springs, foothills, ravines",
"*pisgāh*": "Pisgah (mountain or cliff)"
}
}