11{
"verseID": "Leviticus.19.11",
"source": "לֹ֖א תִּגְנֹ֑בוּ וְלֹא־תְכַחֲשׁ֥וּ וְלֹֽא־תְשַׁקְּר֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ בַּעֲמִיתֽוֹ",
"text": "*lōʾ* *tignōḇû* *wə-lōʾ*-*ṯəḵaḥăšû* *wə-lōʾ*-*ṯəšaqqərû* *ʾîš* *baʿămîṯô*",
"grammar": {
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*tignōḇû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall steal",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*ṯəḵaḥăšû*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall deny/lie",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*ṯəšaqqərû*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall deal falsely",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each man/person",
"*baʿămîṯô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - against his neighbor"
},
"variants": {
"*tignōḇû*": "steal/take secretly",
"*ṯəḵaḥăšû*": "deny/lie/deceive/defraud",
"*ṯəšaqqərû*": "deal falsely/lie/deceive",
"*ʿămîṯô*": "his neighbor/associate/fellow/companion"
}
}
12{
"verseID": "Leviticus.19.12",
"source": "וְלֹֽא־תִשָּׁבְע֥וּ בִשְׁמִ֖י לַשָּׁ֑קֶר וְחִלַּלְתָּ֛ אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה",
"text": "*wə-lōʾ*-*ṯiššāḇəʿû* *ḇišmî* *laššāqer* *wə-ḥillaltā* *ʾeṯ*-*šēm* *ʾĕlōhêḵā* *ʾănî* *YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*ṯiššāḇəʿû*": "Niphal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall swear",
"*ḇišmî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - by my name",
"*laššāqer*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the falsehood/falsely",
"*wə-ḥillaltā*": "conjunction + Piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you have profaned",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of",
"*ʾĕlōhêḵā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God",
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD"
},
"variants": {
"*ṯiššāḇəʿû*": "swear/take an oath",
"*laššāqer*": "falsely/deceitfully/dishonestly",
"*ḥillaltā*": "profane/defile/desecrate/treat as common"
}
}
13{
"verseID": "Leviticus.19.13",
"source": "לֹֽא־תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק אֶת־רֵֽעֲךָ֖ וְלֹ֣א תִגְזֹ֑ל לֹֽא־תָלִ֞ין פְּעֻלַּ֥ת שָׂכִ֛יר אִתְּךָ֖ עַד־בֹּֽקֶר",
"text": "*lōʾ*-*ṯaʿăšōq* *ʾeṯ*-*rēʿăḵā* *wə-lōʾ* *ṯigzōl* *lōʾ*-*ṯālîn* *pəʿullaṯ* *śāḵîr* *ʾittəḵā* *ʿaḏ*-*bōqer*",
"grammar": {
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṯaʿăšōq*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall oppress",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*rēʿăḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your neighbor",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*ṯigzōl*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall rob",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṯālîn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it shall remain overnight",
"*pəʿullaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wages of",
"*śāḵîr*": "noun, masculine singular - hired worker",
"*ʾittəḵā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - with you",
"*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - until",
"*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning"
},
"variants": {
"*ṯaʿăšōq*": "oppress/exploit/defraud",
"*ṯigzōl*": "rob/steal/plunder/seize",
"*ṯālîn*": "remain overnight/stay the night/be kept overnight",
"*pəʿullaṯ*": "wages/payment/compensation"
}
}
14{
"verseID": "Leviticus.19.14",
"source": "לֹא־תְקַלֵּ֣ל חֵרֵ֔שׁ וְלִפְנֵ֣י עִוֵּ֔ר לֹ֥א תִתֵּ֖ן מִכְשֹׁ֑ל וְיָרֵ֥אתָ מֵּאֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה",
"text": "*lōʾ*-*ṯəqallēl* *ḥērēš* *wə-lip̄nê* *ʿiwwēr* *lōʾ* *ṯittēn* *miḵšōl* *wə-yārēʾṯā* *mēʾĕlōhêḵā* *ʾănî* *YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṯəqallēl*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall curse",
"*ḥērēš*": "adjective, masculine singular - deaf",
"*wə-lip̄nê*": "conjunction + preposition + construct - and before",
"*ʿiwwēr*": "adjective, masculine singular - blind",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṯittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall place/put",
"*miḵšōl*": "noun, masculine singular - stumbling block",
"*wə-yārēʾṯā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall fear",
"*mēʾĕlōhêḵā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - from your God",
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD"
},
"variants": {
"*ṯəqallēl*": "curse/revile/treat with contempt",
"*miḵšōl*": "stumbling block/obstacle/cause of stumbling",
"*yārēʾṯā*": "fear/revere/respect"
}
}
15{
"verseID": "Leviticus.19.15",
"source": "לֹא־תַעֲשׂ֥וּ עָ֙וֶל֙ בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט לֹא־תִשָּׂ֣א פְנֵי־דָ֔ל וְלֹ֥א תֶהְדַּ֖ר פְּנֵ֣י גָד֑וֹל בְּצֶ֖דֶק תִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט עֲמִיתֶֽךָ",
"text": "*lōʾ*-*ṯaʿăśû* *ʿāwel* *bammišpāṭ* *lōʾ*-*ṯiśśāʾ* *pənê*-*ḏāl* *wə-lōʾ* *ṯehdar* *pənê* *gāḏôl* *bəṣeḏeq* *tišpōṭ* *ʿămîṯeḵā*",
"grammar": {
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṯaʿăśû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall do",
"*ʿāwel*": "noun, masculine singular - injustice/wrong",
"*bammišpāṭ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in judgment",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṯiśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall lift up/show partiality to",
"*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of",
"*ḏāl*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor/weak",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*ṯehdar*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall honor/favor",
"*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of",
"*gāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/mighty",
"*bəṣeḏeq*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in righteousness",
"*tišpōṭ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall judge",
"*ʿămîṯeḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your neighbor"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāwel*": "injustice/wrong/unrighteousness",
"*ṯiśśāʾ* *pənê*": "show partiality to/be partial to/favor",
"*ṯehdar*": "honor/favor/show deference to",
"*ṣeḏeq*": "righteousness/justice/fairness",
"*ʿămîṯeḵā*": "your neighbor/fellow/companion/friend"
}
}
16{
"verseID": "Leviticus.19.16",
"source": "לֹא־תֵלֵ֤ךְ רָכִיל֙ בְּעַמֶּ֔יךָ לֹ֥א תַעֲמֹ֖ד עַל־דַּ֣ם רֵעֶ֑ךָ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה",
"text": "*lōʾ*-*ṯēlēḵ* *rāḵîl* *bəʿammêḵā* *lōʾ* *ṯaʿămōḏ* *ʿal*-*dam* *rēʿeḵā* *ʾănî* *YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṯēlēḵ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall go/walk",
"*rāḵîl*": "noun, masculine singular - slanderer/talebearer",
"*bəʿammêḵā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - among your people",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṯaʿămōḏ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall stand",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/against",
"*dam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - blood of",
"*rēʿeḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your neighbor",
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD"
},
"variants": {
"*ṯēlēḵ* *rāḵîl*": "go about as a slanderer/spread slander/gossip",
"*ṯaʿămōḏ* *ʿal*-*dam*": "stand against the blood/endanger the life/fail to protect"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "Leviticus.19.17",
"source": "לֹֽא־תִשְׂנָ֥א אֶת־אָחִ֖יךָ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ הוֹכֵ֤חַ תּוֹכִ֙יחַ֙ אֶת־עֲמִיתֶ֔ךָ וְלֹא־תִשָּׂ֥א עָלָ֖יו חֵֽטְא",
"text": "*lōʾ*-*ṯiśnāʾ* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾāḥîḵā* *bilḇāḇeḵā* *hôḵēaḥ* *tôḵîaḥ* *ʾeṯ*-*ʿămîṯeḵā* *wə-lōʾ*-*ṯiśśāʾ* *ʿālāyw* *ḥēṭʾ*",
"grammar": {
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṯiśnāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall hate",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾāḥîḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother",
"*bilḇāḇeḵā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your heart",
"*hôḵēaḥ*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - reproving",
"*tôḵîaḥ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall reprove",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿămîṯeḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your neighbor",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*ṯiśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall bear",
"*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon him",
"*ḥēṭʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - sin"
},
"variants": {
"*hôḵēaḥ* *tôḵîaḥ*": "you shall surely reprove/you must certainly rebuke/definitely correct",
"*ṯiśśāʾ* *ḥēṭʾ*": "bear sin/incur guilt/take on sin"
}
}