Exodus 20:10

KJV1611 – Modern English

but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the LORD your God. In it you shall do no work: you, nor your son, nor your daughter, your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your cattle, nor the stranger who is within your gates.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְי֨וֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔֜י שַׁבָּ֖֣ת ׀ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑֗יךָ לֹֽ֣א־תַעֲשֶׂ֣֨ה כָל־מְלָאכָ֡֜ה אַתָּ֣ה ׀ וּבִנְךָֽ֣־וּ֠בִתֶּ֗ךָ עַבְדְּךָ֤֨ וַאֲמָֽתְךָ֜֙ וּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔֗ךָ וְגֵרְךָ֖֙ אֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽ֔יךָ

Transliteration

wə-yôm hash-shəḇîʿî shabbāṯ la-YHWH ʾĕlōheḵā lōʾ-ṯaʿăśeh ḵāl-məlāʾḵāh ʾattāh û-ḇinḵā-û-ḇitteḵā ʿaḇdəḵā wa-ʾămāṯəḵā û-ḇəhemteḵā wə-ḡērəḵā ʾăsher bi-shəʿāreḵā

Grammar Details

• *wə-yôm*: conjunction + masculine singular noun construct - but the day of
• *hash-shəḇîʿî*: definite article + ordinal number - the seventh
• *shabbāṯ*: feminine singular noun - sabbath/rest
• *la-YHWH*: preposition + proper name - to/for YHWH
• *ʾĕlōheḵā*: masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God
• *lōʾ-ṯaʿăśeh*: negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall not do
• *ḵāl-məlāʾḵāh*: noun construct + feminine singular noun - any work
• *ʾattāh*: 2nd masculine singular pronoun - you
• *û-ḇinḵā*: conjunction + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your son
• *û-ḇitteḵā*: conjunction + feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your daughter
• *ʿaḇdəḵā*: masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your male servant
• *wa-ʾămāṯəḵā*: conjunction + feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your female servant
• *û-ḇəhemteḵā*: conjunction + feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your cattle
• *wə-ḡērəḵā*: conjunction + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your sojourner
• *ʾăsher*: relative pronoun - who
• *bi-shəʿāreḵā*: preposition + masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your gates

Word Meanings

• *shabbāṯ*: sabbath/rest/cessation from work
• *məlāʾḵāh*: work/labor/occupation/business
• *ʿaḇdəḵā*: your male servant/your slave
• *ʾămāṯəḵā*: your female servant/your maidservant/your female slave
• *ḡērəḵā*: your sojourner/your resident alien/your foreigner
• *bi-shəʿāreḵā*: within your gates/in your towns/in your settlements

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God. On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your male or female servant, nor your livestock, nor any foreigner residing within your gates.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  but the seventh day is a sabbath unto Jehovah thy God: [in it] thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  but the seuenth daye is the Sabbath of the Lorde thy God, in it thou shalt do no maner worke: nether thou nor thy sonne, nor thy doughter, nether thy manservaunte nor thy maydeservaunte, nether thy catell nether yet the straunger that is within thi gates

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  But vpon the seuenth daye is the Sabbath of the LORDE thy God: thou shalt do no maner worke in it, nether thou, ner thy sonne, ner thy doughter, ner thy seruaunt, ner thy mayde, ner thy catell, ner thy straunger that is within thy gates.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  But the seuenth day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any worke, thou, nor thy sonne, nor thy daughter, thy man seruant, nor thy mayde, nor thy beast, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  But the seuenth day is the sabboth of the Lorde thy God: in it thou shalt do no maner of worke, thou and thy sonne, and thy daughter, thy man seruaunt, and thy mayde seruaunt, thy cattel, and the straunger that is within thy gates.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  But the seventh day [is] the sabbath of the LORD thy God: [in it] thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that [is] within thy gates:

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  but the seventh day is a Sabbath to Yahweh your God. You shall not do any work in it, you, nor your son, nor your daughter, your man-servant, nor your maid-servant, nor your cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates;

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and the seventh day `is' a Sabbath to Jehovah thy God; thou dost not do any work, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, thy man-servant, and thy handmaid, and thy cattle, and thy sojourner who is within thy gates, --

• American Standard Version (1901)

  but the seventh day is a sabbath unto Jehovah thy God: `in it' thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

• American Standard Version (1901)

  but the seventh day is a sabbath unto Jehovah thy God: [in it] thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  But the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God; on that day you are to do no work, you or your son or your daughter, your man-servant or your woman-servant, your cattle or the man from a strange country who is living among you:

• World English Bible (2000)

  but the seventh day is a Sabbath to Yahweh your God. You shall not do any work in it, you, nor your son, nor your daughter, your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your livestock, nor your stranger who is within your gates;

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God; on it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, or your male servant, or your female servant, or your cattle, or the resident foreigner who is in your gates.

Referenced Verses

• Num 15:32-36 : 32 And while the children of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man gathering sticks on the Sabbath day. 33 And those who found him gathering sticks brought him to Moses and Aaron, and to all the congregation. 34 And they put him in confinement, because it was not yet declared what should be done to him. 35 And the LORD said to Moses, The man shall surely be put to death: all the congregation shall stone him with stones outside the camp. 36 And all the congregation brought him outside the camp, and stoned him with stones, and he died; as the LORD commanded Moses.
• Deut 5:14-15 : 14 But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD your God: in it you shall not do any work, you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your ox, nor your donkey, nor any of your cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates; that your male servant and your female servant may rest as well as you. 15 And remember that you were a servant in the land of Egypt, and that the LORD your God brought you out from there through a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm: therefore the LORD your God commanded you to keep the sabbath day.
• Exod 16:27-28 : 27 And it came to pass that some of the people went out on the seventh day to gather, but they found none. 28 And the LORD said to Moses, How long will you refuse to keep my commandments and my laws?
• Exod 34:21 : 21 Six days you shall work, but on the seventh day you shall rest; in plowing time and in harvest you shall rest.
• Gen 2:2-3 : 2 And on the seventh day God finished His work which He had made; and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had made. 3 And God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, because on it He had rested from all His work which God created and made.
• Exod 23:9-9 : 9 Also you shall not oppress a stranger, for you know the heart of a stranger, because you were strangers in the land of Egypt. 10 Six years you shall sow your land and gather in its produce, 11 but in the seventh year you shall let it rest and lie fallow, that the poor of your people may eat; and what they leave, the beasts of the field shall eat. In like manner you shall do with your vineyard and your olive grove. 12 Six days you shall work, and on the seventh day you shall rest, that your ox and your donkey may rest, and the son of your maidservant and the foreigner may be refreshed.
• Exod 31:13 : 13 Speak also to the children of Israel, saying, Truly my Sabbaths you shall keep: for it is a sign between me and you throughout your generations; that you may know that I am the LORD who sanctifies you.
• Deut 16:11-12 : 11 And you shall rejoice before the LORD your God, you, and your son, and your daughter, and your manservant, and your maidservant, and the Levite that is within your gates, and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are among you, in the place which the LORD your God has chosen to place His name there. 12 And you shall remember that you were a bondservant in Egypt: and you shall observe and do these statutes.
• Deut 24:14-22 : 14 You shall not oppress a hired servant who is poor and needy, whether he is of your brethren or of the strangers that are in your land within your gates: 15 You shall give him his wages on the same day, neither shall the sun go down upon it; for he is poor, and sets his heart upon it: lest he cry against you to the LORD, and it be sin to you. 16 The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, nor shall the children be put to death for the fathers: every man shall be put to death for his own sin. 17 You shall not pervert the judgment of the stranger, nor of the fatherless; nor take a widow's clothing as a pledge: 18 But you shall remember that you were a slave in Egypt, and the LORD your God redeemed you from there: therefore I command you to do this thing. 19 When you cut down your harvest in your field, and have forgotten a sheaf in the field, you shall not go again to fetch it: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow: that the LORD your God may bless you in all the work of your hands. 20 When you beat your olive tree, you shall not go over the boughs again: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow. 21 When you gather the grapes of your vineyard, you shall not glean it afterward: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow. 22 And you shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt: therefore I command you to do this thing.
• Neh 10:31 : 31 And if the people of the land bring goods or any food on the Sabbath day to sell, that we would not buy it from them on the Sabbath, or on the holy day: and that we would forgo the seventh year and the exaction of every debt.
• Neh 13:15-21 : 15 In those days I saw people in Judah treading wine presses on the Sabbath, bringing in sheaves, and loading donkeys, as well as bringing in wine, grapes, figs, and all kinds of burdens into Jerusalem on the Sabbath day. And I warned them on the day they sold provisions. 16 Men of Tyre also lived there, who brought in fish and all kinds of goods, and sold them on the Sabbath to the children of Judah and in Jerusalem. 17 Then I contended with the nobles of Judah, and said to them, What evil thing is this that you are doing, profaning the Sabbath day? 18 Did not your fathers do this, and did not our God bring all this disaster on us and on this city? Yet you bring added wrath on Israel by profaning the Sabbath. 19 So it was, at the gates of Jerusalem as it began to be dark before the Sabbath, that I commanded the gates to be shut, and charged that they should not be opened till after the Sabbath. Then I stationed some of my servants at the gates, so that no burdens would be brought in on the Sabbath day. 20 Now the merchants and sellers of all kinds of goods spent the night outside Jerusalem once or twice. 21 Then I warned them, and said to them, Why do you spend the night around the wall? If you do so again, I will lay hands on you. From that time on they came no more on the Sabbath.
• Luke 23:56 : 56 Then they returned and prepared spices and ointments, and they rested on the Sabbath according to the commandment.